1955 Warsaw Poland Yiddish Holocaust Shoa Yizkor Memorial Boenos Aires  

Will respect combine delievry -for making The bargain less expensive.

Will ship on surface for less , the same for Israeli customers

In this auction I offer:

Pinkes Warsaw

First volume

Printed in Argentina Buenos Aires

By 1955

Yiddish text

On the Jewish Jewry chronicle in Warsaw. Great ancient age Jewish figures.

Culture, literature, music, folklore and much more.

Huge size.

Many pictures.

Rare copy. Collectible. Rare source  on the Jewish history of Warsaw.

Tightly bound hard cover

Renew spine

Very clean text

1351+46+8 pages size: 9.5-13 inches 

. History of the Jews in Poland

The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over a millennium.^[4] For centuries, Poland was home to the largest and most significant Jewish community in the world. Poland was the centre of Jewish culture thanks to a long period of statutory religious tolerance and social autonomy. This ended with the Partitions of Poland and persecution especially by the Russian authorities. There was nearly complete genocidal destruction of the Polish Jewish community by Nazi Germany in the 20th century during the 1939?1945 German and Soviet occupation of Poland and the ensuing Holocaust. Since the fall of communism there has been a Jewish revival in Poland, characterized by the annual Jewish Culture Festival, new study programmes at Polish high schools and universities, the work of synagogues such as the Nozyk, and the Museum of the History of Polish Jews.

From the founding of the Kingdom of Poland in 1025 through to the early years of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created in 1569, Poland was the most tolerant country in Europe.^[5] Known as paradisus Iudaeorum (Latin for Jewish paradise) it became a unique shelter for persecuted and expelled European Jewish communities and a home to the world's largest Jewish community. According to some sources, about three-quarters of all Jews lived in Poland by the middle of the 16th century.^[6][7][8] With the weakening of the Commonwealth and growing religious strife (due to the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation), Poland?s traditional tolerance^[9] began to wane from the 17th century onward.^[10] After the partitions of Poland in 1795 and the destruction of Poland as a sovereign state, Polish Jews were subject to the laws of the partitioning powers, primarily the increasingly anti-Semitic Russian Empire,^[11] but also Austro-Hungary and Kingdom of Prussia (later known as the German Empire). Still, as Poland regained independence in the aftermath of World War I, it was the center of the European Jewish world with one of world's largest Jewish communities of over 3 million. Anti-Semitism, however, from both the political establishment and from the general population, common throughout Europe, was a growing problem.^[12]

At the start of World War II, Poland was partitioned between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (see: Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact). The war resulted in the death of one-fifth of the Polish population, with 90% or about 3 million of Polish Jewry killed along with approximately 3 million Polish Gentiles (Christians).^[13] Although the Holocaust occurred largely in German occupied Poland there was little collaboration with the Nazis by her citizens. Collaboration by individual Poles has been described as smaller than in other occupied countries.^[14][15] Statistics of the Israeli War Crimes Commission indicate that less than 0.1% of Polish gentiles collaborated with the Nazis.^[16] Examples of Polish gentile attitudes to German atrocities varied widely, from actively risking death in order to save Jewish lives,^[17] and passive refusal to inform on them; to indifference, blackmail,^[18] and in extreme cases, participation in pogroms such as the Jedwabne massacre. Grouped by nationality, Poles represent the biggest number of people who rescued Jews during the Holocaust.^[19][20]

In the postwar period, many of the approximately 200,000 Jewish survivors registered at CK?P (of whom 136,000 arrived from the Soviet Union)^[20][21][22] left the communist People's Republic of Poland for the nascent State of Israel and North or South America. Their departure was hastened by the destruction of Jewish institutions, post-war violence and the hostility of the Communist Party to both religion and private enterprise, but also because in 1946?1947 Poland was the only Eastern Block country to allow free Jewish aliyah to Israel,^[23] without visas or exit permits.^[24][25] Britain demanded from Poland to halt the exodus, but their pressure was largely unsuccessful.^[26] Most of the remaining Jews left Poland in the late 1960s as the result of the Soviet-sponsored "anti-Zionist" campaign. After the fall of the communist regime in 1989, the situation of Polish Jews became normalized and those who were Polish citizens before World War II were allowed to renew Polish citizenship. Religious institutions were revived, largely through the activities of Jewish foundations from the United States. The contemporary Polish Jewish community is estimated to have approximately 20,000 members,^[27] though the actual number of Jews, including those who are not actively connected to Judaism or Jewish culture, may be several times larger.

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