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Statue of Liberty
Newspaper

The Day After The Worlds Most Famous Statue was Unvailed

Replica Newspaper The Illustrated Weekly New York from Saturday 30th October 1886

The Cover Story is the Unvailing of the Statue of Liberty

There is an amazing illustration of the Magnificent Statue

12 Pages

In Excellent Condition

A Beautiful coin and Magnificent Keepsake Souvenir to of the Worlds Most Famous Statue

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The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Liberté éclairant le monde) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in the middle of New York Harbor, in Manhattan, New York City. The statue, designed by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and dedicated on October 28, 1886, was a gift to the United States from the people of France. The statue is of a robed female figure representing Libertas, the Roman goddess of freedom, who bears a torch and a tabula ansata (a tablet evoking the law) upon which is inscribed the date of the American Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776. A broken chain lies at her feet. The statue is an icon of freedom and of the United States: a welcoming signal to immigrants arriving from abroad.

Bartholdi was inspired by French law professor and politician Édouard René de Laboulaye, who is said to have commented in 1865 that any monument raised to American independence would properly be a joint project of the French and American peoples. Due to the troubled political situation in France, work on the statue did not commence until the early 1870s. In 1875, Laboulaye proposed that the French finance the statue and the Americans provide the site and build the pedestal. Bartholdi completed the head and the torch-bearing arm before the statue was fully designed, and these pieces were exhibited for publicity at international expositions.

The torch-bearing arm was displayed at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, in 1876, and in New York's Madison Square Park from 1876 to 1882. Fundraising proved difficult, especially for the Americans, and by 1885 work on the pedestal was threatened due to lack of funds. Publisher Joseph Pulitzer of the New York World started a drive for donations to complete the project that attracted more than 120,000 contributors, most of whom gave less than a dollar. The statue was constructed in France, shipped overseas in crates, and assembled on the completed pedestal on what was then called Bedloe's Island. The statue's completion was marked by New York's first ticker-tape parade and a dedication ceremony presided over by President Grover Cleveland.

The statue was administered by the United States Lighthouse Board until 1901 and then by the Department of War; since 1933 it has been maintained by the National Park Service. The statue was closed for renovation for much of 1938. In the early 1980s, it was found to have deteriorated to such an extent that a major restoration was required. While the statue was closed from 1984 to 1986, the torch and a large part of the internal structure were replaced. After the September 11 attacks in 2001, it was closed for reasons of safety and security; the pedestal reopened in 2004 and the statue in 2009, with limits on the number of visitors allowed to ascend to the crown. The statue, including the pedestal and base, was closed for a year until October 28, 2012, so that a secondary staircase and other safety features could be installed; Liberty Island remained open. However, one day after the reopening, Liberty Island closed due to the effects of Hurricane Sandy; the statue and island opened again on July 4, 2013. Public access to the balcony surrounding the torch has been barred for safety reasons since 1916.

Location     Liberty Island
Manhattan, New York, U.S.[1]
Coordinates     40°41′21″N 74°2′40″WCoordinates: 40°41′21″N 74°2′40″W
Height

    151 feet 1 inch (46 meters)
    Ground to torch: 305 feet 1 inch (93 meters)

Dedicated     October 28, 1886
Restored     1938, 1984–1986, 2011–2012
Sculptor     Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi
Visitation     3.2 million (in 2009)[2]
Governing body     U.S. National Park Service
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Type     Cultural
Criteria     i, vi
Designated     1984 (8th session)
Reference No.     307
State Party     United States
Region     Europe and North America
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Official name: Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island
Designated     October 15, 1966[3]
Reference No.     66000058
U.S. National Monument
Designated     October 15, 1924
Designated by     President Calvin Coolidge[4]
New York City Landmark
Type     Individual
Designated     September 14, 1976

The origin of the Statue of Liberty project is sometimes traced to a comment made by French law professor and politician Édouard René de Laboulaye in mid-1865. In after-dinner conversation at his home near Versailles, Laboulaye, an ardent supporter of the Union in the American Civil War, is supposed to have said: "If a monument should rise in the United States, as a memorial to their independence, I should think it only natural if it were built by united effort—a common work of both our nations."[6] The National Park Service, in a 2000 report, however, deemed this a legend traced to an 1885 fundraising pamphlet, and that the statue was most likely conceived in 1870

Hundreds of replicas of the Statue of Liberty are displayed worldwide.[162] A smaller version of the statue, one-fourth the height of the original, was given by the American community in Paris to that city. It now stands on the Île aux Cygnes, facing west toward her larger sister.[162] A replica 30 feet (9.1 m) tall stood atop the Liberty Warehouse on West 64th Street in Manhattan for many years;[162] it now resides at the Brooklyn Museum.[163] In a patriotic tribute, the Boy Scouts of America, as part of their Strengthen the Arm of Liberty campaign in 1949–1952, donated about two hundred replicas of the statue, made of stamped copper and 100 inches (2,500 mm) in height, to states and municipalities across the United States.[164] Though not a true replica, the statue known as the Goddess of Democracy temporarily erected during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 was similarly inspired by French democratic traditions—the sculptors took care to avoid a direct imitation of the Statue of Liberty.[165] Among other recreations of New York City structures, a replica of the statue is part of the exterior of the New York-New York Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas.[166]
Head of Liberty
U.S. airmail stamp, 1971 issue
Reverse side of a Presidential Dollar coin

As an American icon, the Statue of Liberty has been depicted on the country's coinage and stamps. It appeared on commemorative coins issued to mark its 1986 centennial, and on New York's 2001 entry in the state quarters series.[167] An image of the statue was chosen for the American Eagle platinum bullion coins in 1997, and it was placed on the reverse, or tails, side of the Presidential Dollar series of circulating coins.[23] Two images of the statue's torch appear on the current ten-dollar bill.[168] The statue's intended photographic depiction on a 2010 forever stamp proved instead to be of the replica at the Las Vegas casino.[169]

Depictions of the statue have been used by many regional institutions. Between 1986 and 2000, New York State issued license plates featuring the statue.[170][171] The Women's National Basketball Association's New York Liberty use both the statue's name and its image in their logo, in which the torch's flame doubles as a basketball.[172] The New York Rangers of the National Hockey League depicted the statue's head on their third jersey, beginning in 1997.[173] The National Collegiate Athletic Association's 1996 Men's Basketball Final Four, played at New Jersey's Meadowlands Sports Complex, featured the statue in its logo.[174] The Libertarian Party of the United States uses the statue in its emblem.[175]

The statue is a frequent subject in popular culture. In music, it has been evoked to indicate support for American policies, as in Toby Keith's song "Courtesy of the Red, White and Blue (The Angry American)", and in opposition, appearing on the cover of the Dead Kennedys' album Bedtime for Democracy, which protested the Reagan administration.[176] In film, the torch is the setting for the climax of director Alfred Hitchcock's 1942 movie Saboteur.[177] The statue makes one of its most famous cinematic appearances in the 1968 picture Planet of the Apes, in which it is seen half-buried in sand.[176][178] It is knocked over in the science-fiction film Independence Day [179] and in Cloverfield the head is ripped off.[180] In Jack Finney's time-travel novel Time and Again, the right arm of the statue, on display in the early 1880s in Madison Square Park, plays a crucial role.[181] Robert Holdstock, consulting editor of The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, wondered in 1979,

    Where would science fiction be without the Statue of Liberty? For decades it has towered or crumbled above the wastelands of deserted [E]arth—giants have uprooted it, aliens have found it curious ... the symbol of Liberty, of optimism, has become a symbol of science fiction's pessimistic view of the future."[182]

New York is the most populous city in the United States[9] and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world.[10][11][12] New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters,[13] New York is an important center for international affairs and is widely deemed the cultural capital of the world.[14][15][16][17][18] The city is also referred to as New York City or the City of New York[19] to distinguish it from the state of New York, of which it is a part.[20]

Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors,[21] New York City consists of five boroughs which were consolidated in 1898:[22] The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island.[23] With a 2010 United States Census population of 8,175,133[7] distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2),[24][25][26] New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States.[27] As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.[28] The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, estimated at 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2),[8][29] and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.2 million people as of 2009 Census estimates.[30] New York has the largest internet presence of any location in the world; registering 7.1 billion search results as of December 2011.[31]

New York traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic, and was named New Amsterdam in 1626.[32] The city and its surrounds came under English control in 1664[33][34] and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York.[35][36] New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790.[37] It has been the country's largest city since 1790.[38] The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries[39] and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.[40]

Many districts and landmarks in New York City have become well known to its approximately 50 million annual visitors.[41][42][43] Times Square, iconified as "The Crossroads of the World",[44][45][46][47][48] is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway theater district,[49] one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections,[50] and a major center of the world's entertainment industry.[51] The city hosts many world renowned bridges, skyscrapers,[52] and parks. New York City's financial district, anchored by Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, functions as the financial capital of the world[53][54][55][56][57][58][59] and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange by total market capitalization of its listed companies.[60] Manhattan's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world.[61] Manhattan's Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere.[62][63][64][65] Unlike most global rapid transit systems, the New York City Subway provides 24/7 service.[66] Numerous colleges and universities are located in New York,[67] including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, which are ranked among the top 50 in the world

Coordinates: 40°43′N 74°00′WCoordinates: 40°43′N 74°00′W

Country United States

State New York

Counties Bronx

Kings

New York

Queens

Richmond

Settled 1624

Government

• Type Mayor-Council

• Body New York City Council

• Mayor Michael Bloomberg (I)[6]

Area

• City 468.9 sq mi (1,214.4 km2)

• Land 304.8 sq mi (789.4 km2)

• Water 165.6 sq mi (428.8 km2)

• Urban 3,352.6 sq mi (8,683.2 km2)

• Metro 6,720 sq mi (17,405 km2)

Elevation 33 ft (10 m)

Population (April 1, 2010 United States Census)[7][8]

• City 8,175,133

• Density 27,532/sq mi (10,630/km2)

• Urban 18,223,567

• Urban density 5,435.7/sq mi (2,098.7/km2)

• Metro 18,897,109

• Metro density 2,812.1/sq mi (1,085.7/km2)

Demonym New Yorker

Time zone EST (UTC-5)

• Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)

ZIP codes 100xx-104xx, 11004-05, 111xx-114xx, 116xx

Area code(s) 212, 718, 917, 646, 347, 929

FIPS code 36-51000

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Sub-regions

Central Jersey • Greater Danbury • Greater New Haven • Greater Waterbury • Hudson Valley • Litchfield Hills • Long Island • North Jersey • Southwestern Connecticut

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State of New York

Albany (capital)* The Empire State

Topics

Administrative divisions Bibliography Congressional districts Constitution Demographics Economy Education Elections Geography Government Governor Legislature Court System History Symbols People Politics Transportation Visitor Attractions

Regions

Adirondack Mountains Allegheny Plateau Capital District Catskill Mountains Central Region (formerly Central-Leatherstocking) Central New York Champlain Valley City of New York Finger Lakes Holland Purchase Hudson Highlands Hudson Valley Long Island Mohawk Valley New York Metro Niagara Frontier North Country Ridge and Valley Saint Lawrence Seaway Shawangunks Ski country Southern Tier Southtowns Tech Valley Thousand Islands Upstate Western

Metro areas

Albany / Schenectady / Troy Binghamton Buffalo / Niagara Falls Elmira / Corning Glens Falls Ithaca Jamestown Newburgh / Middletown New York City Poughkeepsie Rochester Syracuse Utica / Rome

Counties

Albany Allegany Bronx Broome Cattaraugus Cayuga Chautauqua Chemung Chenango Clinton Columbia Cortland Delaware Dutchess Erie Essex Franklin Fulton Genesee Greene Hamilton Herkimer Jefferson Kings Lewis Livingston Madison Monroe Montgomery Nassau New York Niagara Oneida Onondaga Ontario Orange Orleans Oswego Otsego Putnam Queens Rensselaer Richmond Rockland Saint Lawrence Saratoga Schenectady Schoharie Schuyler Seneca Steuben Suffolk Sullivan Tioga Tompkins Ulster Warren Washington Wayne Westchester Wyoming Yates

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Summer Paralympic Games host cities

1960: Rome 1964: Tokyo 1968: Tel Aviv 1972: Heidelberg 1976: Toronto 1980: Arnhem 1984: Stoke Mandeville/New York 1988: Seoul 1992: Barcelona 1996: Atlanta 2000: Sydney 2004: Athens 2008: Beijing 2012: London 2016: Rio de Janeiro

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Other articles related to New York City's population and geography

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Geographic locale

Bergen County, NJ Westchester County

Yonkers Long Island Sound

Hudson County, NJ

Jersey City Nassau County

New York City

Middlesex County, NJ Monmouth County, NJ Atlantic Ocean

Lat. and Long. 40°43′N 74°0′W

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50 most populous cities of the United States

New York

Los Angeles

Chicago

Houston

Philadelphia

Phoenix

San Antonio

San Diego

Dallas

San Jose

Jacksonville

Indianapolis

San Francisco

Austin

Columbus

Fort Worth

Charlotte

Detroit

El Paso

Memphis

Baltimore

Boston

Seattle

Washington

Nashville

Denver

Louisville

Milwaukee

Portland

Las Vegas

Oklahoma City

Albuquerque

Tucson

Fresno

Sacramento

Long Beach

Kansas City

Mesa

Virginia Beach

Atlanta

Colorado Springs

Omaha

Raleigh

Miami

Cleveland

Tulsa

Oakland

Minneapolis

Wichita

Arlington

(2010 United States Census Bureau)

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50 largest metropolitan statistical areas in the United States by population

New York

Los Angeles

Chicago

Dallas–Fort Worth

Philadelphia

Houston

Washington

Miami

Atlanta

Boston

San Francisco–Oakland

Detroit

Riverside–San Bernardino

Phoenix

Seattle

Minneapolis–St. Paul

San Diego

St. Louis

Tampa–St. Petersburg

Baltimore

Denver

Pittsburgh

Portland

Sacramento

San Antonio

Orlando

Cincinnati

Cleveland

Kansas City

Las Vegas

San Jose

Columbus, Ohio

Charlotte

Indianapolis

Austin

Virginia Beach–Norfolk

Providence

Nashville

Milwaukee

Jacksonville

Memphis

Louisville

Richmond

Oklahoma City

Hartford

New Orleans

Buffalo

Raleigh

Birmingham

Salt Lake City

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World's fifty most-populous urban areas

Tokyo –Yokohama

Delhi

Seoul –Incheon

Jakarta

Manila

Mumbai

New York

São Paulo

Mexico City

Shanghai

Cairo

Osaka –Kobe –Kyoto

Kolkata

Shenzhen

Los Angeles

Beijing

Moscow

Karachi

Istanbul

Buenos Aires

Dongguan

Rio de Janeiro

Guangzhou –Foshan

Dhaka

Lagos

Paris

Nagoya

Chicago

Kinshasa

Lima

Bogotá

London

Taipei

Ho Chi Minh City

Chennai

Johannesburg –East Rand

Bangalore

Lahore

Tehran

Ruhr Area

(Essen–Düsseldorf)

Bangkok

Hong Kong

Hyderabad

Tianjin

Chonqing

Bandung

Baghdad

Santiago

Kuala Lumpur

Toronto –Hamilton

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Location of the capital of the United States and predecessors

Colonies

New Amsterdam (New Netherland) · Boston (Massachusetts Bay Colony)

1774 First Continental Congress

Philadelphia

1775 – 1781 Second Continental Congress

Philadelphia → Baltimore → Lancaster → York → Philadelphia

1781 – 1789 Congress of the Confederation

Philadelphia → Princeton → Annapolis → Trenton → New York City

1789 – present Federal government of the United States

New York City → Philadelphia → Washington, D.C.

Key Facts

Located on the Atlantic coast of NE United States

Empire State Building is one of the 7th Wonders of the Modern World

Average 47 million tourists per year enjoy New York city breaks

39 theatres in the Broadway district

Birthplace of numerous cultural movements

5 boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx, Queens, Staten Island

New York tourist attractions

Empire State Building

Statue of Liberty

Times Square

Ellis Island

Broadway theatres

Luxury shopping on Fifth Avenue and at Macy's

Museum of Modern Art

Central Park

Metropolitan Museum of Art

The Guggenheim Museum

The original World Trade Center was a complex with seven buildings featuring landmark twin towers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. The complex opened on April 4, 1973, and was destroyed in 2001 during the September 11 attacks. The site is currently being rebuilt with five new skyscrapers and a memorial to the casualties of the attacks. As of November 2011, only one skyscraper has been completed, with four more expected to be completed before 2020. One World Trade Center will be the lead building for the new complex and is expected to be finished by 2013. A sixth tower is still awaiting confirmation to be built. At the time of their completion, the original 1 and 2 World Trade Center, known colloquially as the Twin Towers, were the tallest buildings in the world.

The complex was designed in the early 1960s by Minoru Yamasaki and Associates of Troy, Michigan, and Emery Roth and Sons of New York.[2] The twin 110-story towers used a tube-frame structural design. To gain approval for the project, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey agreed to take over the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad, which became the Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH). Groundbreaking for the World Trade Center took place on August 5, 1966. The North Tower (1) was completed in December 1972 and the South Tower (2) was finished in July 1973. The construction project involved excavating a large amount of material, which was later used as landfill to build Battery Park City on the west side of Lower Manhattan. The cost for the construction was $400 million ($2,200,000,000 in 2012 dollars).[3] The complex was located in the heart of New York City's downtown financial district and contained 13.4 million square feet (1.24 million m2) of office space.[4][5] The Windows on the World restaurant was located on the 106th and 107th floors of 1 World Trade Center (the North Tower) while the Top of the World observation deck was located on the 107th floor of 2 World Trade Center (the South Tower). Other World Trade Center buildings included the Marriott World Trade Center; 4 World Trade Center; 5 World Trade Center; 6 World Trade Center, which housed the United States Customs. All of these buildings were built between 1975 and 1981. The final building constructed was 7 World Trade Center, which was built in 1985. The second King Kong was filmed in 1976 with some scenes mentioning and showing the World Trade Center. The World Trade Center experienced a fire on February 13, 1975, and a bombing on February 26, 1993. In 1998, the Port Authority decided to privatize the World Trade Center, leasing the buildings to a private company to manage, and awarded the lease to Silverstein Properties in July 2001.

On the morning of September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda-affiliated hijackers flew two 767 jets into the complex, one into each tower, in a coordinated terrorist attack. After burning for 56 minutes, the South Tower (2) collapsed, followed a half-hour later by the North Tower (1), with the attacks on the World Trade Center resulting in 2,753 deaths.[6] 7 World Trade Center collapsed later in the day and the other buildings, although they did not collapse, had to be demolished because they were damaged beyond repair. The process of cleanup and recovery at the World Trade Center site took eight months. The first new building at the site was 7 World Trade Center, which opened in May 2006. The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC), established in November 2001 to oversee the rebuilding process, organized competitions to select a site plan and memorial design. Memory Foundations, designed by Daniel Libeskind, was selected as the master plan, which included the 1,776-foot (541 m) One World Trade Center, three office towers along Church Street and a memorial designed by Michael Arad.

Record height

Tallest in the world from 1971 to 1973[I]

Preceded by Empire State Building

Surpassed by Willis Tower

General information

Location New York City

Coordinates 40°42′42″N 74°00′45″WCoordinates: 40°42′42″N 74°00′45″W

Groundbreaking August 25, 1966

Construction started

1 WTC: August 1968

2 WTC: January 1969

3 WTC: December 1979

4, 5, & 6 WTC: 1970

7 WTC: 1983

Completed

1 WTC: December 23, 1970

2 WTC: July 19, 1971

3 WTC: February 1981

4, 5, & 6 WTC: 1975

7 WTC: 1987

Opening April 4, 1973

Destroyed September 11, 2001

Height

Antenna spire 1 WTC: 1,727 ft (526.3 m)

Roof

1 WTC: 1,368 ft (417.0 m)

2 WTC: 1,362 ft (415.0 m)

3 WTC: 242 ft (74.0 m)

4 & 5 WTC: 118 ft (36.0 m)

6 WTC: 105 ft (32.0 m)

7 WTC: 610 ft (186.0 m)

Top floor

1 WTC: 1,348 ft (411.0 m)

2 WTC: 1,342 ft (409.0 m)

Technical details

Floor count

1 & 2 WTC: 110 floors

3 WTC: 22 floors

4 & 5 WTC: 9 floors

6 WTC: 8 floors

7 WTC: 47 floors

Floor area

1 & 2 WTC:[clarification needed] 4,300,000 sq ft (400,000 m2)

4, 5, & 6 WTC: 500,000 sq ft (50,000 m2)

7 WTC: 1,868,000 sq ft (170,000 m2)

Elevator count Both had 99 elevators

Design and construction

Owner Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

Architect

Minoru Yamasaki

Emery Roth & Sons

Engineer Leslie E. Robertson Associates

Timeline of tallest buildings in New York City

Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church (c.1643) · Trinity Church (85 m) (1846) · New York World Building (94 m) (1890) · Manhattan Life Insurance Building (100 m) (1894) · Park Row Building (119 m) (1899) · Singer Building (187 m) (1908) · Metropolitan Life Tower (213 m) (1909) · Woolworth Building (241 m) (1913) · 40 Wall Street (283 m) (1929) · Chrysler Building (320 m) (1930) · Empire State Building (443 m) (1931) · World Trade Center (526 m) (1973) · Empire State Building (443 m) (2001)

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Supertall skyscrapers

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Current

North America

Aon Center · Bank of America Plaza · Bank of America Tower · Chrysler Building · Empire State Building · Franklin Center (Chicago) · JPMorgan Chase Tower · John Hancock Center · The New York Times Building · Trump Tower Chicago · Two Prudential Plaza · U.S. Bank Tower · Wells Fargo Plaza · Willis Tower

Asia

Baiyoke Tower II · Bank of China Tower · The Center · Central Plaza · China World Trade Center Tower III · CITIC Plaza · Guangzhou International Finance Center · International Commerce Centre · International Finance Centre · Jin Mao Tower · Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower · Kingkey 100 · Menara Telekom · Minsheng Bank Building · Nanjing Greenland Financial Center · Nina Tower · Northeast Asia Trade Tower · Petronas Towers · Shanghai World Financial Center · Shimao International Plaza · Shun Hing Square · Taipei 101 · Tianjin World Financial Center · Tuntex Sky Tower · Wenzhou World Trade Center

Europe

City of Capitals

Australia

Eureka Tower · Q1

Middle East

Almas Tower · Aspire Tower · Arraya 2 · Burj Al Arab · Burj Khalifa · Emirates Office Tower · Emirates Towers Hotel · HHHR Tower · Kingdom Centre · Rose Tower · Ocean Heights · The Address Downtown Dubai · The Index · The Marina Torch

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Under construction

North America

175 Greenwich Street · 200 Greenwich Street · Carnegie 57 · One World Trade Center

South America

Gran Torre Santiago

Asia

Abenobashi Terminal Building Skyscraper (Abeno Harukas) · Busan Lotte World Tower · Dalian Eton Center · East Pacific Business Center · Forum 66 · Gate of the Orient · Gate of Taipei · Global Financial Building · Goldin Finance 117 · The Gramercy Residences · Grand International Mansion (The Pinnacle) · Hanging Village of Huaxi · Leatop Plaza · Lotte World Premium Tower · MahaNakhon · Orchid Heights · Palais Royale, Mumbai · Pearl River Tower · Pingan International Finance Center · Ryugyong Hotel · Shanghai Tower · Sino-Steel Tower · The Wharf Times Square · We've the Zenith · White Magnolia Plaza · Yantai Shimao No.1 The Harbour

Europe

Federation Tower · Mercury City Tower · Shard London Bridge

Middle East

23 Marina · Abraj Al Bait · Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower · Al Hamra Tower · Al Yaqoub Tower · Central Market Project · DAMAC Heights · Dubai Pearl · Elite Residence · Emirates Park Towers · Infinity Tower · Lamar Towers · Qatar National Bank Tower · The Landmark · Marina 101 · Princess Tower · Sky Tower

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Construction suspended

Al Quds Endowment Tower · Barwa Tower · BDNI Center 1 · Burj Al Alam · Chow Tai Fook Centre · Dalian International Trade Center · Doha Convention Center Tower · Dubai Towers Doha · Eurasia · Faros del Panamá · India Tower · JW Marriott International Finance Centre · Pentominium · Parc1 Tower A · Plaza Rakyat · Skycity · Square Capital Tower · Waterview Tower · Xiamen Post & Telecommunications Building

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Former

World Trade Center

See also Proposed supertall skyscrapers · List of architects of supertall buildings

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World Trade Center

World Trade Center Complex

Tower One and Tower Two · Marriott World Trade Center · 4 World Trade Center · 5 World Trade Center · 6 World Trade Center · 7 World Trade Center · The Sphere · The Bathtub

2001–present

World Trade Center site · One World Trade Center · Two World Trade Center · Three World Trade Center · Four World Trade Center · Five World Trade Center · 7 World Trade Center · National September 11 Memorial & Museum · The Mall at the World Trade Center · PATH station

Terrorist Attacks

1993 bombing · September 11 attacks

Alternative Proposal

THINK Team

People

Minoru Yamasaki · Emery Roth & Sons · Larry Silverstein · Austin J. Tobin

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Architecture by Minoru Yamasaki

Skyscrapers

One Woodward Avenue (1963) · IBM Building (1963) · Century Plaza Hotel (1966) · M&T Bank Center, Buffalo (1967) · World Trade Center Tower 1, Tower 2, Buildings 4, 5 and 6 (1970–1971) · Montgomery Ward Corporate Headquarters Tower (1972) · Century Plaza Towers (1975) · Bank of Oklahoma (1977) · Rainier Bank Tower (1977) · Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond (1978) · 100 Washington Square (1981) · Torre Picasso (1988) · Columbia Center (1989–2000)

Airports

Lambert-St. Louis International Airport main terminal (1956) · Dhahran International Airport terminal (1961) · Eastern Airlines terminal at Logan Airport (1969) · King Fahd International Airport master plan (1977)

Houses of worship

North Shore Congregation Israel (1964) · Temple Beth El (1974) · Shinji Shumeikai Founder's Hall (1982)

Other buildings

Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Detroit Branch Building annex (1951) · Pruitt–Igoe housing project (1954) · Grosse Pointe University School (1954) · Military Personnel Records Center (1955) · McGregor Memorial Conference Center (1957) · Prentis Building and DeRoy Auditorium Complex (1959) · Robertson Hall at Princeton University (1965) · Pacific Science Center (1962) · Irwin Library at Butler University (1963) · Oberlin Conservatory of Music (1963) · Quo Vadis Entertainment Center (1966) · Dr. John Archer Library (1967) · Japan Center (1968) · Tulsa Performing Arts Center (1976) · Istanbul Cevahir (1987)

Landscape architecture

Wascana Centre and University of Regina - Regina Campus (1961–1967)

The September 11 attacks (also referred to as September 11, September 11th or 9/11[nb 1]) were a series of four coordinated suicide attacks upon the United States in New York City and the Washington, D.C. areas on September 11, 2001. On that Tuesday morning, 19 terrorists from the Islamist militant group al-Qaeda hijacked four passenger jets. The hijackers intentionally crashed two planes, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175 into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City; both towers collapsed within two hours. Hijackers crashed American Airlines Flight 77 into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. The fourth jet, United Airlines Flight 93, crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania after passengers attempted to take control before it could reach the hijacker's intended target in Washington, D.C. Nearly 3,000 died in the attacks.

Suspicion quickly fell on al-Qaeda, and in 2004, the group's leader Osama bin Laden, who had initially denied involvement, claimed responsibility for the attacks.[1] Al-Qaeda and bin Laden cited U.S. support of Israel, the presence of U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia, and sanctions against Iraq as motives for the attacks. The United States responded to the attacks by launching the War on Terror and invading Afghanistan to depose the Taliban, which had harbored al-Qaeda. Many countries strengthened their anti-terrorism legislation and expanded law enforcement powers. In May 2011, after years at large, bin Laden was found and killed.

The destruction of the twin towers caused serious damage to the economy of Lower Manhattan and had a significant impact on global markets. Cleanup of the World Trade Center site was completed in May 2002, and the Pentagon was repaired within a year. Numerous memorials were constructed, including the National September 11 Memorial & Museum in New York, the Pentagon Memorial, and the Flight 93 National Memorial in Pennsylvania. Adjacent to the National Memorial, the 1,776 feet (541 m) One World Trade Center is expected to be completed in 2013.

Location New York City; Arlington County, Virginia; and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania.

Date Tuesday, September 11, 2001

8:46 a.m. – 10:28 a.m. (UTC-04:00)

Attack type Aircraft hijacking, mass murder, suicide attack, terrorism

Deaths 2,996

Injured More than 6,000

Perpetrator(s) Al-Qaeda led by Osama bin Laden

September 11 attacks

Timeline

Planning · September 11, 2001 · Rest of September · October · Beyond October

Victims

Casualties

Hijacked airliners

American Airlines Flight 11 · United Airlines Flight 175 · American Airlines Flight 77 · United Airlines Flight 93

Crash sites

World Trade Center · The Pentagon · Stonycreek, Pennsylvania · Shanksville, Pennsylvania

Effects

Airport security · Economic effects · Local health effects

Aftermath

Immediate aftermath · Cultural references · Audiovisual entertainment · Closings and cancellations · Detentions · Post-9/11 · Reactions · 9/11 conspiracy theories

Response

U.S. military response · U.S. government response · Rescue and recovery effort · Financial assistance · Operation SUPPORT · Operation Yellow Ribbon · Memorials and services

Perpetrators

Responsibility · Motives · Hijackers · 20th hijacker

Inquiries

U.S. Congressional Inquiry · 9/11 Commission (Report · Criticism) · PENTTBOM

Miscellaneous

Communication (Radio communications) · Patriot Day · WTC collapse · Slogans and terms · Survivors' Staircase

Book · Category · Portal · WikiProject

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World Trade Center

World Trade Center Complex

Tower One and Tower Two · Marriott World Trade Center · 4 World Trade Center · 5 World Trade Center · 6 World Trade Center · 7 World Trade Center · The Sphere · The Bathtub

2001–present

Terrorist Attacks

1993 bombing · September 11 attacks

Alternative Proposal

THINK Team

People

Minoru Yamasaki · Emery Roth & Sons · Larry Silverstein · Austin J. Tobin

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War on Terror

Participants

Operational

ISAF · Operation Enduring Freedom participants · Afghanistan · Northern Alliance · Iraq (Iraqi Armed Forces) · NATO · Pakistan · United Kingdom · United States · European Union · Philippines · Ethiopia

Targets

Al-Qaeda · Osama bin Laden · Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula · Abu Sayyaf · Anwar al-Awlaki · Al-Shabaab · Hamas · Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami · Hezbollah · Hizbul Mujahideen · Islamic Courts Union · Jaish-e-Mohammed · Jemaah Islamiyah · Lashkar-e-Taiba · Mujahideen · Taliban · Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan

Conflicts

Operation

Enduring Freedom

War in Afghanistan · OEF – Philippines · Georgia Train and Equip Program · Georgia Sustainment and Stability · OEF – Horn of Africa · OEF – Trans Sahara · Drone attacks in Pakistan

Other

Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) · Insurgency in the Philippines · Iraq War · Iraqi insurgency · Operation Linda Nchi · South Thailand insurgency · Terrorism in Saudi Arabia · War in North-West Pakistan · War in Somalia (2006–2009) · 2007 Lebanon conflict · Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown