...blood type and crossed is fast looking at a vest or patch and trusting it not an option (who's vest who did the testing, and so forth)  we called it the kindergarten report card......no medic or doctor will be able to give a blood transfusion in the field, and when they are finally ready, they won't simply go by what's written on your boot...Every field hospital will probably type you...The blood type patchesmatter to no one except someone who might be filling out administrative paperwork in the field. There are kits for blood type testing in a field environment that medics can get access to. Only in SOF elements do the patches serve a purpose because there is a trauma doc with the team who can conduct a transfusion and well he trusts his guys and vice versa. The Army long ago said that such patches for the majority of Soldiers are not authorized on the uniform yet you see it anyway cause someone think it looks cool...In field environments, it's close to what happens. In higher levels of care they will do antibody screening to test for unexpected antibodies, but there is roughly a 20-30 minute wait just for the screen itself. In field environments, what's done is a quick ABO (blood type) check and major cross match (patient plasma with donor cells). All this does is check and recheck for ABO compatibility... There is a slight risk with casualties that may have generated any clinically significant antibodies, but that would be a very minute possibility. The general population of the .mil tend to be very healthy individuals who haven't received any sort of transfusion before. But I ran into it with an Iraqi patient. We had an IA casualty that had some sort of auto-antibody. There was no way it could have been ID'd with anything in theater, but luckily there was a Doc from SF that was working with us at the time that allowed the physician to use some of their synthetic hemoglobin for the transfusion... the medics they have are a lot better then us regular whiskeys and have an expanded scope of practice where they can administer blood and such...Now for the blood type patches, they aren't of any use for treatment as any time you get blood you will have at least been typed or given O. When I was going through OJT at Ft Leonard Wood after lab school, we would receive up to 300 specimens a day for initial typing for trainees. Even with the system used that had some automation, you still have the human element that comes into effect, so mistakes are made. I had three soldiers come in while I was deployed that had a different blood type on their gear then what they were... (quotes from ⚙ members- blood type patches)

The Taliban (Pashto: طالبان‎, romanized: ṭālibān, lit. 'students') or Taleban, who refer to themselves as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA), are a Sunni Islamic fundamentalist political movement and military organisation in Afghanistan currently waging war (an insurgency, or jihad) within that country. Since 2016, the Taliban's leader is Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada. The Taliban have been condemned internationally for the harsh enforcement of their interpretation of Islamic Sharia law, which has resulted in the brutal treatment of many Afghans, especially women. During their rule from 1996 to 2001, the Taliban and their allies committed massacres against Afghan civilians, denied UN food supplies to 160,000 starving civilians and conducted a policy of scorched earth, burning vast areas of fertile land and destroying tens of thousands of homes. During their rule they banned hobbies and activities such as kite flying and keeping birds as pets, and discriminatorily targeted many ethnic minorities, including Shiite Muslims, while their enforcement of identifiable badges on Hindus was likened to Nazi Germany's treatment of Jews. According to the United Nations, the Taliban and their allies were responsible for 76% of Afghan civilian casualties in 2010, 80% in 2011, and 80% in 2012. The Taliban has also engaged in cultural genocide, destroying numerous monuments including the famous 1500-year old Buddhas of Bamiyan.

On 17 October 2014, the Department of Defense formally established Combined Joint Task Force - Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF-OIR) in order to formalize ongoing military actions against the rising threat posed by ISIS in Iraq and Syria. Fueled by sectarian conflicts and division, ISIS ascended from relative obscurity in 2013 to propagate an extremist socio-political ideology, and claimed to have created an Islamic caliphate. Its successful acquisition of conventional weapons, establishment of armed formations, rapid territorial growth and unconscionable atrocities shocked the world and destabilized the region. By June 2014, the security situation in Iraq had deteriorated with the Iraqi cities of Mosul and Tikrit falling in rapid succession to ISIS aggressors. CJTF-OIR was established by United States Army Central Command (ARCENT), Camp Arifjan, Kuwait. On 24 June 2014, ARCENT was designated as the Joint Forces Land Component Command (JFLCC) for the conduct of operations in Iraq. This designation established the first operational headquarters since the departure of U.S. troops from the region in 2011. By August, JFLCC was engaged, taking the fight to ISIS via air operations. Defensive and offensive operations rapidly matured with the rescue of innocent Yazidi victims trapped on Sinjar Mountain, the recapture of the Mosul and Haditha Dams, and the defense of Baghdad and Kirkuk. On 17 September 2014, ARCENT was re-designated the Combined Forces Land Component Command. The command was authorized to conduct Combined Joint Operations in Iraq, which ultimately led to the formal establishment of CJTF-OIR. As CJTF-OIR grew, it encompassed the efforts and contributions of more than sixty Coalition partners throughout the Combined Joint Operations Area (CJOA) of Iraq and Syria. III Corps assumed authority of CJTF-OIR from ARCENT on 22 September 2015 and immediately initiated an aggressive plan to increase pressure on ISIS and bring new capabilities to bear throughout the theater of operations. Logisticians sustained the CJTF and delivered more than 146,000 tons of supplies and materiel with 1,700 ground and air movements. Additionally, more than $700 million worth of logistical contracts were executed to sustain operations throughout the CJOA. Coalition fires were directed at ISIS leadership and infrastructure. Deliberate and dynamic precision airstrikes targeted ISIS economic infrastructure significantly degrading its ability to govern. More than 15,000 coalition airstrikes destroyed enemy military capabilities and provided freedom of maneuver to regional security and partner forces. Operation Tidal Wave II deprived ISIS of 80% of its oil collection facilities as well as $25 million a month in oil revenue which negatively impacted ISIS military operations and halted enemy expansion. The adherence to strict rules of engagement, and the principles of necessity, distinction, proportionality and humanity, prevented unnecessary suffering among non-combatants in the conflict zones. Subsequent operations resulted in a dramatic contraction of ISIS controlled areas with the recovery of over 29,000 square kilometers in Syria and Iraq. Increases in operational tempo, training and support to Iraqi Security Forces and Syrian opposition groups provided the foundation for broader strategic success. Iraqi and Syrian “Train and Equip Funds” provided the necessary assets and capabilities to achieve increasingly higher levels of partner participation. With comprehensive and consistent Coalition support, partner forces steadily gained the confidence needed to fight and win against ISIS. With CJTF-OIR’s operational support, 10,000 fighting personnel comprised of police, counterterrorism units and local tribal fighters acted in concert to liberate Ramadi in December of 2015. Following Ramadi’s liberation, Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), supported by CJTF-OIR Advise and Assist teams, reclaimed Shaddadi, a town in northeastern Syria. Shaddadi served as a critical node for training, logistics and revenue and was the main supply artery between the ISIS capital Raqqa and the Iraqi city of Mosul. Peshmerga forces, supported by CJTF-OIR elements, liberated Sinjar and numerous ISIS controlled towns east of Mosul. After 28 days of fighting, Iraqi forces recaptured Fallujah on 26 June 2016, which forced ISIS further away from Baghdad and paved the way for the liberation of the Euphrates River Valley. Following each success in Syria and Iraq, CJTF-OIR trained Wide Area Security Forces assumed the responsibility for liberated areas, and enabled military formations to rest and transition to the next military objective. XVIII Airborne Corps assumed authority from III Corps, on 21 August 2016. The transfer of authority sustained and accelerated the plan to degrade and destroy ISIS. On 25 August 2016, Iraqi elements seized the airfield at Qayyarah, thus positioning forces within close logistical striking distance of Mosul. Following a brief strategic pause, Iraqi forces again supported by coalition fires, air support and targeting teams began the battle for Mosul 17 October 2016, which cleared the eastern half of the city by 24 January 2017. In Syria, CJTF-OIR expanded the train and equip program and worked with Vetted Syrian Opposition (VSO) troops in multiple regions. This anti-ISIS group fought to secure the strategic isolation of Raqqa by clearing the city of Manbij on 15 August 2016. Like their Iraqi counterparts, VSO partnered forces politically organized, policed and patrolled on previously ISIS-held ground to secure liberated territories. Near Raqqa, SDF forces relied upon Coalition airlift capabilities to transition combat forces across Lake Assad to encircle the Tabqah Dam, effectively isolating the city from the west as of April 2017. SDF began the assault on the city of Raqqa on 6 June 2017, and continue to make steady gains despite heavy resistance. After a brief refit and consolidation of gains in East Mosul, Iraqi forces resumed the offensive 19 February 2017 to take the western side of the city. Iraqi formations fought through a multilayered cordon of defenses, and engaged in house-to-house fighting. After nearly nine months of battle Iraqi Prime Minister Haider Al-Abadi declared the city of Mosul liberated on 10 July 2017. Coalition partners supported the Iraqi effort with observation, selective fires, and logistics while strategic decisions in the battle were made and implemented by the Iraqi Government and Commanders. From October 2014 to July 2017, CJTF-OIR, Coalition, Syrian and Iraqi partnered forces working together have made enormous progress denying ISIS aspirations. Coalition forces have defeated insurgent counterattacks, reclaimed thousands of square kilometers and significantly weakened the ISIS terror infrastructure in Iraq and Syria. - One Mission, Many Nations!

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