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PEYOTISM AND NEW MEXICO



SCARCE BOOK



By BURTON DUSTIN

Privately Published by C. Burton Dustin, Albuquerque New Mexico 1962 Second Edition

This book is a pictorial Soft Cover in fine condition with 51 pages

and with 12 Full Page black and white photographs of the peyote ceremony.

There is also an excellent description of an actual peyote ceremony.


CONTENTS


1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND    

2. TAOS PEYOTISM 

3.  NAVAJO PEYOTISM 

4.  PSYCHOLOGICAL - MYSTICAL FUNCTIONS  

Appendix: DESCRIPTION OF A PEYOTE CEREMONY    

Selected References    

Appendix



EDITORS NOTE RE: DESCRIPTION OF A PEYOTE CEREMONY


TEXT. The text is taken from a description of the Navajo Peyote ritual given in testimony before the Navajo Tribal Council.

The ritual is described in language designed to make it more easily understandable to council members, some of whom speak very little English.


PHOTOGRAPHS. The photographs were taken at a ceremony conducted near Fort Battleford, Saskatchewan , Canada on October 6, 1956.

Included as observers at the Indian's invitation were Dr. Abram Hoffer, University of Saskatchewan psychiatrist and biochemist,

Dr. T. Weckowicz, psychiatrist, and Dr. Duncan Blewitt, chief psychologist with the psychiatric services branch of the provincial health department.


Dr. Humphrey Osmond , psychiatrist and superintendent of the Weyburn mental hospital, took part in the service.


A Saskatoon Star-Phoenix photographer recorded the event. These were the first White men to witness the Peyote ceremony of the Native American Church in Canada. Dr. Osmond took Peyote during the service.


EXCERPT FROM CHAPTER ONE


I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND


We will never know for certain just how long the Indians of our Southwest have been using Peyote, but when the Spanish came to Mexico City four hundred years ago they found the Aztec people using it as a medicine.


In Spanish Inquisition documents of 1631 occasional references are made to the use of Peyote by the Queres, and also the Tewa and Tano, groups of Pueblo people living near Santa Fe today. T


hese Pueblo people used Peyote as a medicine and they also used it to induce visions for the purpose of finding lost and stolen things. Another early reference to the use of Peyote is the record of a trial held in Taos in the year 1720.


During the proceedings it was brought out that an Isleta Indian, who had lived among the Hopi Indians after the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, had brought Peyote with him from the Hopi people of Northeastern Arizona.


In 1891 the ethnologist Mooney discovered that the Indians in Oklahoma had something new, a "mescal rite." This is the first reference to the "Peyote cult, " a voluntary religious organization, whose rite is one of prayer and quiet contemplation, centering around the Peyote button as a symbol of the spirits being worshipped and used as a sacrament.


This emergence of a "Peyote cult" was in contrast to the older form of collective Peyotism which con­sisted of tribal participation in a dancing rite with the use of Peyote as a mere component. The tribal rite can still be found in Mexico today, but the "Peyote cult" dominates the scene in the United States because of the vastly differing social conditions between the Indians of these two countries.


Anthropologists are still trying to discover the origins of the Peyote ritual. Until they come up with a better explanation, we shall have to be satisfied with the Indian version. The following account was given to Dr. David F. Aberle by an old Kiowa Apache man. ===  Etc. Etc. and so much more.  


PEYOTIST

 

MORE ABOUT == Native American Church, a religious denomination which practices Peyotism or the Peyote religion, originated in the U.S.A. state of Oklahoma, and is the most widespread indigenous religion among Native Americans in the United States. Peyotism involves the use of the entheogen Peyote, a spineless cactus.

Peyote was used in the territory of modern Mexico in pre-Columbian times to commune with the spirit world and also as a medicine. From the mid-15th century, the use of peyote spread to the Great Plains area of the United States primarily through the efforts of the Apache people. Peyotism is now practiced in more than 50 Native American Indian tribes and has probably around 250,000 adherents.


Peyotist beliefs vary considerably from tribe to tribe, belief in Peyote personified as a god called Mescalito by some practitioners, but often include belief in Jesus as a Native American culture hero, an intercessor for man or a spiritual guardian; belief in the Bible; and association of Jesus with Peyote.


Peyotists believe in a supreme God. The "Peyote Road" calls for Native American Indian brotherly love (often taking the form of Native American nationalism), family care, self-support through work, avoidance of alcohol, and avoidance of recreational drug use.

Traditionally, peyote is used in pursuit of bona fide religious faith in daily ceremonies, and at all times. Peyote rituals can be conducted by oneself and with the Creator, or with a guide, or in a group, and at any place or time the Spirit or Creator and the participant deem them necessary. Peyote ceremonies are not conducted only in tipis or hogans however, in some cases ceremonies may be limited to a certain number of people but this varies from tribe to tribe.


For some chapters of the Native American Church, the peyote ritual begins at 8 p.m. Saturday and continues through the night. The ritual includes prayer, the eating of peyote, Peyote songs, water rituals, and contemplation. It ends with breakfast Sunday morning. The peyote ritual is believed to allow communion with God and the deceased, and to give power, guidance, and healing. The healing may be emotional or physical, or both.


Those Church members who feel that they need structure believe that the communal ingestion of peyote and the ceremony of the Church meeting help participants get into a proper relationship with each other and with God. In turn, they believe, this leads to an ability to live a good day-to-day life. A good life is considered to be one that is kind and responsible, and embodies love.



MORE ABOUT = The Navajos (British English: Navajo, Navajo: Diné or Naabeehó)  are a Native American people of the Southwestern United States. After the Cherokee, they are the second largest federally recognized tribe in the United States with 300,460 enrolled tribal members as of 2015.


The Navajo Nation constitutes an independent governmental body that manages the Navajo reservation in the Four Corners area, including over 27,000 square miles of land in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. The Navajo language is spoken throughout the region with most Navajos speaking English as well. The states with the largest Navajo populations are Arizona (140,263) and New Mexico (108,306). Over three-quarters of the Navajo population reside in these two states.



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