BBackground
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Tuareg is a term used to identify numerous diverse
groups of people who share a common language and a common history. Tuareg camel
caravans played the primary role in trans-Saharan trade until the mid-20th
century when European trains and trucks took over. Goods that once were brought
north to the edge of the Sahara are now taken to the coast by train and then
shipped to Europe and beyond. Tuareg history begins in northern Africa where
their presence was recorded by Herodotus. Many groups have slowly moved
southward over the last 2,000 years in response to pressures from the north and
the promise of a more prosperous land in the south. Today, many Tuareg live in
sedentary communities in the cities bordering the Sahara that once were the
great centers of trade for western Africa. Although most Tuareg now practice
some degree of Islam, they are not considered Arabic.
For thousands of years, Tuareg economy revolved around
trans-Saharan trade. There are basically five trade routes which extend across
the Sahara from the northern Mediterranean coast of Africa to the great cities
on the southern edge of the Sahara. Tuareg merchants were responsible for
bringing goods from these cities to the north. From there they were distributed
throughout the world. Because of the nature of transport and the limited space
available in caravans, Tuareg usually traded in luxury items, things which took
up little space and on which a large profit could be made. Tuareg were also
responsible for bringing enslaved people north from west Africa to be sold to
Europeans and Middle Easterners. Many Tuareg settled into the communities with
which they traded, serving as local merchants and representatives for their
friends and family who continued to trade.
Most, if not all, Tuareg are followers of Islam. Among
many Tuareg this practice is nominal, and while daily prayers are made to Allah,
strict adherance to other religious requirements is rare. Most of the feasts are
observed and celebrated with relish, but the fasting that is required during
Ramadan is often excused because Tuareg travel so much. Like most followers of
Islam in northern Africa, Tuareg believe in the continuous presence of various
spirits (djinns). Divination is accomplished through means of the Koran. Most
men wear protective amulets which contain verses from the Koran. Men also begin
wearing a veil at age 25 which conceals their entire face excluding their eyes.
This veil is never removed, even in front of family members. Women are not
veiled. Tuareg belong to the Maliki sect of Islam, resulting from the teachings
of the great prophet, El Maghili, who came among them in the early 16th century
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