Their first contact was in 1651 by Jesuit Missionaries. They were almost wiped out by the rubber baronsThere were less than 300 Urarina at the end of the 19th century. They live isolated in the the Chambria basin of Peru. Population is around 2000. They are semi nomadic and survive by slash and burn farming/hunting (blowguns/shotguns/traps). They live in long houses off the ground in which several families may live. They only marry within the tribe and have not practiced the stealing of women from other tribes. Less than 1% have been outside the basin. Woman are the producers of trade goods--Cachiwangos (woven palm sleeping mat) Shiras (palm bag) and Hammocks (palm). They cook,take care of the children, haul water, work in the shacras (garden) and make the masato which is a staple. They dress the same way they did over 75 years ago with a red top/black bottom skirt and a layer of beaded necklaces. They don't comb their hair and when they have their first menstruation there hair is cut off to show passage into womanhood. Men they hunt/fish and work in the gardens. Only men van be a shaman and present the ayahuasca.Their dress is the same as their grandfathers which is a shirt with a collar (traded by wood buyers) and shorts or pants. Sandals are optional. They have received little attention from the outside world (wood traders/chonta traders). Less than 40% can read or write. They have a life style that is comfortable which has remained unchanged for many years.

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