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Wat Arun Ratchawararam
Ratchawaramahawihan or Wat Arun ("Temple of
Dawn") is a Buddhist temple (temple = “wat” in Thai) in Bangkok Yai
district of Bangkok, Thailand, on the Thonburi west bank of the Chao Phraya
River. The temple derives its name from the Hindu god Aruna, often personified
as the radiations of the rising sun. Wat Arun is among the best known of Thailand's
landmarks and the first light of the morning reflects off the surface of the
temple with pearly iridescence. Although the temple had existed since at least
the seventeenth century, its distinctive prang (spires) were built in the early
nineteenth century during the reign of King Rama II. (Presently is King Rama IX)
History of Wat Arun:
A Buddhist temple had existed at the site of Wat
Arun since the time of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (around 500 Years ago before
Bangkok era). It was then known as Wat Makok, after the village of Bang Makok
(the root name of later Bangkok) in which it was situated. Makok is the Thai
name for the Spondias Pinnata plant.
According to the historian Prince Damrong
Rajanubhab, the temple was shown in French maps during the reign of King Narai
(AD. 1656–1688). The temple was renamed Wat Chaeng by King Chao Praya Taksin when he established his new capital of
Thonburi (233 years before Bangkok) near the temple, following the fall of
Ayutthaya. It is believed that King Chao Praya Taksin vowed to restore the
temple after passing it at dawn. The temple enshrined the Emerald Buddha image
before it was transferred to Wat Phra Kaew (Bangkok era) on the river's eastern
bank in 1785. The temple was located in grounds of the royal palace during King
Chao Praya Taksin 's reign, before his successor, King Rama I, moved the palace
to the other side of the river. It was abandoned, for a long period of time,
until King Rama II, who restored the temple and extended the pagoda to 70m.
Architecture of Wat Arun:
The main feature of Wat Arun is its central prang
(Khmer-style tower later is now Cambodia) which is encrusted with colorful
porcelain. This is interpreted as a Stupa-like pagoda encrusted with colored
faience. The height is reported by different sources as between 66.8 m (219 ft)
and 86 m (282 ft). The corners are surrounded by four smaller satellite prang.
The prang are decorated by seashells and bits of porcelain which had previously
been used as ballast by boats coming to Bangkok from China. The presiding
Buddha image, cast in the reign of King Rama II, is said to have been molded by
the king himself. The ashes of King Rama II are interred in the base of the
image.
Constructions of the tall prang and four smaller
ones was started by King Rama II during AD. 1809-1824 and completed by King
Rama III (AD. 1824–1851). The towers are supported by rows of demons and
monkeys. Very steep and narrow steps lead to a balcony high on the central
tower. The circumference of the base of the structure is 234 meters, and the
central prang is 250 feet high. The central prang is topped with a
seven-pronged trident, referred to by many sources as the "Trident of
Shiva". Around the base of the prang are various figures of ancient
Chinese soldiers and animals. Over the second terrace are four statues of the
Hindu god Indra riding on Erawan. In the Buddhist iconography, the central
prang is considered to have three symbolic levels—base for Traiphum indicating
all realms of existence, middle for Tavatimsa where all desires are gratified
and top denoting Devaphum indicating six heavens within seven realms of
happiness. At the riverside are six pavilions (Sala) in Chinese style. The
pavilions are made of green granite and contain landing bridges.
Next to the prang is the Ordination Hall with a
Niramitr Buddha image supposedly designed by King Rama II. The front entrance
of the Ordination Hall has a roof with a central spire, decorated in colored
ceramic and stuccowork sheeted in colored china. There are two demons, or temple
guardian figures, in front. The murals were created during the reign of King Rama
V.
Mythology of Wat Arun:
The central prang symbolizes Mount Meru of the Hindu
cosmology. The satellite prang are devoted to the wind god, Phra Phai. The
demons (Yaksha) at the entranceway to the Ubosot are from the Ramakien (Ramayana
in Idian). The white figure is named Sahassa Deja and the green one is known as
Thotsakan, the Demon Rāvana from Ramayana.
Travel to Wat Arun:
Wat Arun can be easily accessed through the Chao
Phraya River, and ferries travel across the river towards the Maharaj pier. For
the foreigners, the temple charges an entrance fee of 50 baht (as of March
2013). Wat Arun figures in one of Thailand's most colorful festivals, the Royal
Kathin and the king travels down in the Thai royal barge procession to present
new robes to the monks after their three-month lent period.
Product
details:
Condition
: New Collection.
Material
: Paper.
Color
: Mainly Brown as shown.
Size : 15 x 20 cm. (5 15/16” x 7 7/8”) when folded pop up prang height 12 cm. (4 3/4”) .
Net
Weight: 31 g. (1.1 oz.) for the card
only.
Quantity: 1 pop up card + 1 envelope.
(The color showing in the page may be slightly
different from the original color of the product cause of the display screen
setting or photographing)
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