Illuminated manuscripts are handwritten books that have been decorated (illuminated) with gold, silver, or brilliant colors. Illuminations may include small illustrations (miniatures), initials, borders, or other decorative elements. They were used to indicate divisions in a text, to tell stories, and to add beauty and visually memorable elements to texts. The earliest surviving examples of such works date from late antiquity (third-fifth century). Manuscript illumination reached its high point in medieval Europe, when illuminators, working within workshops called scriptoria, produced illuminated psalters, Bibles, liturgical texts, illustrated saints’ lives, and other works. Illuminated manuscripts continued to be produced after the invention of printing, and printed books also were often illustrated with illuminations. Presented here are illuminated manuscripts produced in Europe between 764-83 and 1889, held in the collections of libraries and museums in Europe and North America.

This manuscript preserves an untitled treatise that is referred to in the introduction simply as Kitābun muḥtawin ʻalá siyyar ḥāl ṭāʻifati al-sāmirah wa ṭuqūsi diyānatihim (A book containing the history of the Samaritan sect and the rituals of their religion). The author is unknown. The work is divided into ten chapters, covering what Samaritans “believe to be the truth about their doctrine and faith.” The chapters are: 1) On the origins of the Samaritan sect; 2) The belief in Mount Gerizim as their qibla (prayer direction); 3) The observance of the Sabbath; 4) Circumcision and the rules governing it; 5) Samaritan months and festivals; 6) Impurities and ablution; 7) Rules governing ritual slaughter; 8) Marriage rituals; 9) The nonexistence of a doctrine of abrogation in their Torah; and 10) The rituals pertaining to death, passage to the afterlife, and resurrection. The Samaritans are an ancient, ethnoreligious group of Levantine origins. They believe they are descendants of the original Israelites. Often referred to as the smallest religious minority in the world, today they number about 800, and live in tight-knit communities on the holy site of Mount Gerizim, near present-day Nablus, and in Holon, south of present-day Tel Aviv, Israel. The manuscript is written in black ink, in naskh style, with catchwords on rectos. Each chapter begins with a rubricated synopsis that gives an overview of the chapter. The manuscript is almost entirely void of images, with the exception of two small illustrations, on pages 126 verso and 127 recto (frames 69 and 70 in this presentation). The first illustration shows an altar “taken from the Book of Exodus,” with two water bowls in the center, and notes on the sides indicating where a sacrifice is slaughtered and where worshipers stand. The second illustration is a drawing of a kiln “taken from the covenant with Abram.” No scribe name or copy date is given, but the manuscript was likely produced in the 18th century.

Date Created

Around 1700 - 1799

Subject Date

Around 1700 - 1799

Language

Arabic

Title in Original Language

Place

Middle East and North Africa Israel Tel-Aviv

Middle East and North Africa Israel VeShomron Nablus

Topic

Religion Other religions Religions not provided for elsewhere

History & geography History of Asia; Far East Middle East (Near East)

Additional Subjects

Monastic and religious life

Naskh script

Religion

Samaritans

Type of Item

Manuscripts

Physical Description

145 pages X2  jpeg files

133 folios ; 17 x 33 centimeters

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