Love Is in the Earth: Laying on of Stones by “Melody”.
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DESCRIPTION: Softcover. Publisher: Earth Love Publishing House (1991). Pages: 288. Size: 9 x 6 inches; 1¼ pounds. A guidebook for the laying-on-of-stones. Easy to read and understand, this is a working manual for the novice or master. Includes a mineralogical update, information addressing master numbers, and a cross-reference index of astrological signs an their associated minerals.
CONDITION: NEW. New oversized softcover. Earth Love Publishing House (1991) 288 pages. Unblemished except for extremely faint (almost imperceptible) edge and corner shelfwear to the covers. Pages are pristine; clean, crisp, unmarked, unmutilated, tightly bound, unambiguously unread. Condition is entirely consistent with new stock from a traditional brick-and-mortar bookstore environment wherein new books might show faint signs of shelfwear, consequence of routine handling and simply being shelved and re-shelved. Satisfaction unconditionally guaranteed. In stock, ready to ship. No disappointments, no excuses. PROMPT SHIPPING! HEAVILY PADDED, DAMAGE-FREE PACKAGING! Meticulous and accurate descriptions! Selling rare and out-of-print ancient history books on-line since 1997. We accept returns for any reason within 30 days! #8496d.
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PLEASE SEE PUBLISHER, PROFESSIONAL, AND READER REVIEWS BELOW.
PUBLISHER REVIEWS:
REVIEW: A guidebook for laying-on-of-stones-including a mineralogical update, information addressing master numbers, and a cross-reference index of astrological signs and their associated minerals. Information is derived from "hands-on" experience by the author, historical research, and experimentation; any channeled information included was first validated via experimentation.
REVIEW: This book is meant to facilitate the continuance of ones intimate journey into the subtle realms of crystal energy, via the application of "laying-on-of-stones" in symbolic arrays from ancient times. The combinations bring one toward additional avant-garde adventures in the world of the mineral kingdom. [by the Author, “Melody’].
REVIEW: This book builds on the original 'Love Is In The Earth' and is intended as a guide for laying on of stones. Described as 'the most comprehensive volume' on the subject and 'an easily understandable and 'working' manual for novice to master'. Fully illustrated.
REVIEW: Internationally known, best-selling author of the "Love is in the Earth" series, Melody was born in Cumberland, Maryland, and now resides in the Rocky Mountain region. She is a scientist and holds Bachelor of Science and Master of Art degrees in mathematics. She has been working with stones since she was a child, always evidencing an interest in the geological and mystical properties of these children of the Mother Earth. Due to the desire to share her research and knowledge with her brothers and sisters of the planet, and due to the need to make the information available at the onset of the "Age of Love", she has updated this popular book. In addition to her work within the United States, she has taught crystal workshops in Brazil, the Republic of South Africa, and Australia, and has held private consultations in India and Nepal.
REVIEW: An internationally known best-selling author, Melody holds a Bachelor of Science and a Master of Arts degree in mathematics. A scientist residing in Colorado, her extensive understanding of the metaphysical and of the mineralogical aspects of the mineral kingdom has stimulated and has promoted world-wide interest. She has traveled extensively throughout the world, and is sponsored to conduct comprehensive crystal workshops, private consultations, and awareness seminars.
PROFESSIONAL REVIEWS:
REVIEW: Internationally known bestselling author of "Love Is In The Earth -- A Kaleidoscope of Crystals", Melody was born in Cumberland, Maryland and is a scientist residing in the Pacific Northwest. She has traveled extensively throughout the world conducting comprehensive crystal workshops, private consultations, and awareness seminars. As a sequel to her first hook, and due to the multitude of requests for a complete compendium of stone lay-outs, this guidebook was compiled from over eight years of research. As the Age of Love continues, Melody is presenting techniques which can be used in the attainment of the sacred wisdom and fulfillment of the self. Born in Sunnyside, Washington, and residing in the Pacific Northwest, Julianne Guilbault has illustrated both Love Is In The Earth-A Kaleidoscope Of Crystals" and "Love Is In The Earth Laying-On-Of-Stones". She is a true adventuress in the avant-garde world and is active in both Native American spirituality and crystal energy transfer. A woman of many talents, Julianne is the administrator for an engineering consulting firm. She has been involved in graphics design/illustrating for over twenty years, utilizing many mediums.
REVIEW: Said to be the most comprehensive volume on the laying-on-of-stones. Includes a mineralogical update, information addressing Master Numbers, and a cross-reference index of astrological signs and their associated minerals.
REVIEW: The book 'Laying-on-of-Stones' was first published in 1991 and had its 8th printing in 2003, so it has been around for a long time and is a major resource for people who work with the mineral kingdom. The book is full of more than 80 different Arrays or patterns to lay out the Crystals or Stones. Each of the Arrays have been fully explored and all have been found to be effective in their intention. The arrays are ancient symbolic patterns and the pattern combined with the energy of the mineral kingdom are very powerful. The arrays range from very simple lay-outs to very complicated lay-outs depending on what one wants to experience. Some of the more complicated arrays can take the whole room to lay-out. It is the Arrays that set the INTENTION for the session; it is the Crystals & Stones that bring the energy to the session. Together they form a powerful healing environment.
REVIEW: In 1992, a World-Renowned Crystologist named Melody published a book called Love Is In The Earth - A Kaleidoscope of Crystals and won international acclaim for her research of more than 700 members of the Mineral Kingdom.
READER REVIEWS:
REVIEW: I was fortunate to take two workshops with Melody herself. The workshops were Level one and Level two of her Laying-on-of-Stones certificate program. The text book for the two workshops was this book 'Love Is in the Earth: Laying-On-Of-Stones. The book contains over 80 different arrays for laying on the person and each has a specific intention. In the workshops we also learned how to develop our own arrays with our intuition. The 80 arrays in the book are very powerful and I work with them a lot. An 'array' is the pattern of laying out the stones and crystals on a person.
REVIEW: This is a very comprehensive reference book updated with more crystals and there are 2 companion volumes for the original book. All superb and should be in your reference library for any crystal healer, holistic and complementary therapist. A very good guide for crystal layouts for use with clients. A lot of time thought and energy has gone into this book. Highly recommended.
REVIEW: Melody presents a manual for the neophyte or adept alike. The volume is filled with many, many illustrations of patterns and diagrams for the placement of stones. The author also includes an updated mineralogical appendix which expands on her main book. Also contained in this volume are detailed explanation of major and some minor chakra centers, many beautiful poems and sayings at the start of each chapter and placement of stone diagrams for astrological, planetary, spiral, cross, and many more arrays. There is also a very detailed listing of which stones correspond with what zodiacal signs. How anyone could give this practical and highly useful book anything less than 5 stars is beyond me.
REVIEW: If you are interested in crystals then it is only a matter of time before you are introduced to Melody's "Love is in the Earth". This book provides a short but great intro into "laying on of hands" after laying on of stones, the chakras, etc. One incredibly valuable point that Melody shares in this book, as I mentioned before, is the laying on of hands. I find no other book combines the use of hands and stones other than in a Reiki setting. It may seem overwhelming when you get this book and open it, but actually reading it and doing the layouts she suggested on myself, friends, and family provide all the evidence you need to decide for yourself that this book is right for you.
REVIEW: I highly recommend anything by Melody. This book is a valuable addition to the main text and even expands on the first book. The configurations are fantastic and all work very well. Melody writes in a non condescending user friendly style which promotes the metaphysical properties of stones quite well. If you are new to the concept of laying on stones then this is your primer. Buy this book along with her others and you won't be sorry.
REVIEW: This is a wonderful book filled with much crystal wisdom. I live in New Orleans and have met a woman who is both a HooDoo root worker and a follower of Melody's. The diagrams in this book are wonderful and the techniques are amazing. Many people are thrown by the patterns saying that there are just to many crystals needed but the author clearly states that you can use any number which works for you. Do yourself a favor, please buy this book.
REVIEW: As with Melody's first book, this one is also fun to read. The information about physical and metaphysical properties of rocks, stones, and gems is a joy to know and fun to apply, especially when buying jewelry. I have used this reference material often when in need of useful gift giving.
REVIEW: Amazing!!! This is one great book. She makes it so easy to understand the uses and layouts (provided you have some experience using crystals). Some layouts are not that easy to apply but most are great and very effective. A must have for any crystal healer/ aspirant.
REVIEW: Such a comprehensive, well researched subject. Fantastic reading. Am delighted with the book!
REVIEW: While some have labeled these instructions as complex, I call them thorough. The diagrams are easy to read and the instructions are comprehensive. If you've been wanting to try this on your own, this is the book for you--with or without prior experience.
REVIEW: This is perfect! The drawings are so clear and concise that one could not go wrong. If you are like me and love our stone people friends then buy this book.
REVIEW: I participated in a weekend seminar which used this text. It is a wonderful resource for those interested in crystal layouts. Many in this seminar had profound experiences using the layouts, including myself.
REVIEW: This is an amazing book for alumni of Melody's crystal classes. So informative and a long term guide for future reference.
REVIEW: This book is going to take some serious consideration before understanding and interpreting the concepts.... but I feel like I'll gain a great deal of understanding as a result of reading this one!!!
REVIEW: Comprehensive text of a very large number of crystals, some of which I have never heard of. Detailed written descriptions of the stones are excellent.
REVIEW: I love Melody’s books! She has a real knowledge of stones and crystals. If you're interested in this the I’d suggest this title is a must have!
REVIEW: So much information! I love this book and use it with my clients everyday.
REVIEW: Has amazing patterns of laying stones in ancient ways....very cool!
REVIEW: This is a great picture resource for anyone who is into crystals and mineral stones.
REVIEW: Great book. If you are working with stones, you should have this book in your library.
ADDITIONAL BACKGROUND:
GEMSTONES IN ANCIENT HISTORY: Throughout history, gemstones were believed capable of curing illness to providing protection. Found in Egypt dated 1500 B. C., the "Papyrus Ebers" offered one of most complete therapeutic manuscripts containing prescriptions using gemstones and minerals. In the eastern civilizations of China, India, and Tibet, gemstones were not only valued for their medicinal and protective properties, but also for educational and spiritual enhancement. Hereinbelow are a few examples of the uses for and beliefs concerning specific gemstone varieties in the ancient world.
Quartz: Quartz (“rock crystal") caught the eye of various ancient cultures with its brilliant transparency and gorgeous tones. To the ancient Greeks it was "krystallos", from which the name "crystal" is derived. To the ancient Slavic cultures it was, "kwardy", from which eventually the name “quartz” was derived. The clearest form of quartz is rock crystal, used since ancient times to manufacture “crystal balls”. Colorless quartz crystals have always been popular in jewelry since even ancient pre-recorded history due to mystical legends concerning the "power" of quartz crystals. In the ancient world quartz was used as an ornamental stone, to fashion gemstones for jewelry, and as well for making tools and weapons. Quartz was also ground by ancient cultures to produce primitive forms of glass and ceramics. Faience jewelry and amulets were mass produced in ancient Egypt fashioned from ground quartz and various minerals added to produce color (such as copper ore for blue-green; iron ore for red and orange, etc.). Similar ceramic jewelry and amulets were also produced by the ancient Sumerian and Babylonian cultures.
According to one ancient legend, the sun and universe were contained within an enormous crystal. Quartz was also long thought by ancients to be petrified ice. Five thousand years ago the Sumerians cut and engraved various quartz stones as cylinder seals and used them later as ring seals. As the Sumerians invented writing, quartz is probably one of the first gem stone materials to be written on, and also to be used as a stamp to make a written impression in clay. Ancient Persians believed that quartz amulets placed on a baby ensured the infant’s proper nutrition. There are many examples in various museums throughout the world of carved quartz stones that were popular in Greece and Rome as intaglios for signet rings. One particularly popular style showed the upper half of the body of a man with a hand upraised, pronouncing judgment. These pieces are said to have been especially effective as a talisman during a lawsuit. The ancient Celts used rock crystal amulets to give the water of healing wells a magical potency. Running brooks produced healing water as well. Quartz “star stones” were collected from a running brook, placed in boiling water from the same brook, and then the water, imbued with the curative power of the crystals, was then given to the patient. It was also believed that quartz crystals could cure infertility.
Quartz crystal has also been used in religious and shamanistic ceremonies for thousands of years. In the ancient Greek world quartz was utilized in the Eleusinian mysteries, initiation ceremonies held every year for the cult of Demeter and Persephone based at Eleusis in ancient Greece, to produce the sacred fire by concentrating the heat of the sun to ignite wood chips. Native American shamans are said to have used quartz crystals as divining and hunting charms, believing they were inhabited by spirits who had to be fed periodically by rubbing the quartz crystals with deer's blood. The Cherokee were known to use quartz crystals for divining stones. Australian aborigines Aboriginal tribes regard quartz crystal as a rain-stone, and use it in ceremonies meant to bring rain. And of course through the ancient world, for thousands of years, large pieces of quartz crystal were cut and polished into spheres, a scrying tool which enabled practitioners to foretell the future by peering into their crystal balls.
In the 14th century Medieval World of Europe, it was common for the quartz crystal to be engraved with the image of a man in armor holding a bow and arrow. The resulting talisman then would guard both the wearer and the place where it was situated. Quartz is very popular in the production of jewelry due to the fact it is very hard and durable. Some of the most popular varieties of quartz include amethyst (purple quartz), citrine (yellow quartz), and aventurine (green quartz). Other popular varieties include “tigerseye”, the relatively rare rose quartz, onyx, and various forms of agate (such as jasper). "Rose quartz" is the rarest of these various quartz varieties. The ancient Assyrians and Romans were among the first to use rose quartz, carved and faceted to provide gemstones, the Romans also using them to carve intaglios for signet rings. Rose quartz was regarding a token of love amongst both the ancient Romans and Assyrians.
Smoky quartz is brown, transparent quartz that is popular for large and unusual faceted crystals. Smoky quartz from Mount Cairngorm, Scotland, is known as "cairngorm", and since ancient times has been a favorite ornamental gemstone with Scots and Celts. Even today smoky quartz is worn in brooches with traditional Highland costumes. Tiger's Eye quartz contains brown iron which produces its golden-yellow color. Cabochon cut stones of this variety show the chatoyancy (small ray of light on the surface) that resembles the feline eye of a tiger, and have been enormously popular in various Asian cultures for thousands of years. It was a very important trade good in ancient India. And of course, the transparent colorless variety of quartz is still known as rock crystal. Although colorless quartz is relatively common, large flawless specimens are not. In the ancient world rock crystal was often been used in jewelry, particularly carved pieces.
Smoky Quartz: Smoky quartz from Mount Cairngorm, Scotland, known as "cairngorm", has since ancient times has been a favorite ornamental gemstone. It is the national gemstone of Scotland and has been considered a sacred stone there for millennia, a belief dating back to the Druids. The Celtic population of the British called smoky quartz they mined in the Cairngorm Mountains of the Scottish highlands “morion”, and the yellow-brown to gray-brown crystals mined there “cairngorm” Beginning in the seventeenth century, craftsmen of Scottish weapons began to incorporate smoky quartz or citrines from the Cairngorm Mountains into shoulder brooches, kilt pins and dirk pommels.
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Smoky quartz was and is a favorite ornamental stone set into the pommel of the Scottish dirk, or “black dagger”, a long dagger with a straight blade that is a prerequisite of Highland costume, having first appeared in the eighteenth century as a military accoutrement. A man’s “sgian dubh” (literally “black dagger” but also known as a “sock knife”) was invariably carried in a place of concealment, very often under his armpit. However when calling on another household Highland protocol called for men to deposit their weapons (claymore or broadsword, dirk, pistols, etc.) at the front door. Nonetheless even when visiting friends it was not safe to be entirely unarmed, and so Highlanders kept their dirk close at hand.
But out of courtesy to his host the proper Highland gentleman would remove it from under his armpit and put it somewhere where his host could see it, usually in his stocking, which incidentally also made it even quicker to access if needed. Even the Scottish royal scepter features a cairngorm stone. It is made of silver gilt and topped by a 2½ inch sphere of Scottish smoky quartz and a Scottish pearl. It was a gift in 1494 A.D. from Pope Alexander VI to King James IV, as a symbol of papal support for Scotland, a “special daughter” of the Holy See.
Together with a royal crown and sword, the three items form the Scottish “honors”, first used together at the coronation Mary, Queen of Scots at Stirling Castle in 1543. They were last used at the coronation of King Charles II at Scone Palace, the ancient crowning place of the kings of Scotland, on January 1, 1651, the last coronation to ever take place in Scotland. Other ancient cultures have used smoky quartz, and the Cairngorm Mountains were not the only source of smoky quartz in the ancient world. Much of the smoky quartz in the classical Mediterranean World came from the Swiss Alps. Fragments of smoky quartz vases have been uncovered in the excavations of ancient Babylonian Ur.
Smoky quartz was popular in ancient times with the Romans, who used the stone for carving intaglio seals. In the Middle Ages the most important deposit of smoky quartz was in Upper Silesia (now Poland). According to legend, a crystal ball of smoky quartz was the scrying or diving tool used by the renowned Dr. John Dee (1527-1608), alchemist, mathematician, astrologer, magician, and court diviner to Queen Elizabeth I of England (1533-1603). In Medieval Europe smoky quartz gemstones were often engraved with the image of a man in armor holding a bow and arrow. The stone supposedly guarded the wearer and the place where it was situated.
On the physical side, smoky quartz is regarded as a powerful healer, used to help remove toxins from the body and aid the proper functioning of the kidneys (relieving fluid retention), adrenals, and pancreas. It is also used to help balance sexual energies, as well as help increase fertility. Worn as an amulet, smoky quartz is said to keep the mind clear, banish confusion, clear ambivalence, fortify resolve, help the wearer consciously focus on spiritual growth, and heighten the wearer’s understanding of nature and the environment. Contemporary spiritualists claim that smoky quartz Smokey Quartz is a very powerful scrying stone, revealing visions of dragons, strange astral realms and ancient secrets [AncientGifts].
Rose Quartz: Aside from pearls, which were "discovered" as gemstones by prehistoric man, various forms of quartz (such as carnelian, amethyst, and rose quartz), turquoise, and lapis lazuli are the oldest gemstones utilized in the manufacture of jewelry. "Rose quartz" is the rarest of these various quartz varieties. Transparent, gemstone-quality rose quartz is very rare and is usually so pale that it does not show very much color except in large sizes. The pink shades of rose quartz are due to the presence of titanium. The ancient sources for rose quartz were mines in Namibia. Rose quartz beads have been found in Mesopotamian burials that date back to at least 7000 B.C. Jewelry produced by the ancient Assyrians around 800 B.C. featured rose quartz.
The Romans also used rose quartz to carve intaglios for signet rings, as well as cut ands faceted to provide gemstones for jewelry. Both the ancient Assyrians and Romans regarded rose quartz as a traditional gift expressing love or affection. In ancient Egypt masks cut from rose quartz were used to beautify the skin. The ancient Greeks associated the gemstone with the God Eros, who according to legend felt pity for humans when he saw the pain and loneliness caused by anger, so he created rose quartz in the hope that its beautiful color and gentle energy would arouse love and desire among people. In antiquity and through into the Middle Ages it was believed that the cosmos was reflected in gemstones. Rose quartz was associated with Venus, probably arising from the classical association of rose quartz with the Roman Goddess of Love, Venus.
A large deposit from rose quartz was discovered in 1756 A.D. in southern Bavaria near Germany's border with the Czech Republic, an area called the Bavarian Woods. The material was so intensely colored that it was said to resemble spinel. Between its discovery in 1756 and 1880, 16,000 tons of rose quartz was quarried and used to produce crystal tableware such as plates, bowls, glasses, etc., for Victorian Europe. Today tableware made from the material is avidly sought by collectors and fetch very handsome prices. Due to its soft color, rose quartz was long been regarded in the ancient world as a soothing, calming crystal that promoted love and healing. It was also associated with femininity.
Placing a rose quartz under one’s pillow at night was believed to promote peaceful sleep and creative inspiration. Its medical uses included its use as a cure for skin disorders (including healing scar tissue, burns, and blisters), stress, heart and circulatory related health problems, including its perceived value in releasing excess fluids and impurities in the cells of the body. Rose quartz was also used to prevent wrinkles, to treat asthma, eyesight problems, migraines, fever, bruises and aching in bones, fatigue, menstrual pains and tenderness.
On the metaphysical plane, rose quartz was believed to help clear negative emotions such as jealousy, anger and fear, and also to ease heartache and psychic traumas. It was also believed to enhance intuition, confidence, creativity, love, and romance; and was also believed to increase fertility. It was also believed to enhance the wearer’s awareness of the beauty and magic in the world, and to aid the wearer in maintaining a peaceful, harmonious environment. Wearing rose quartz was also believed to be therapeutic for those individuals who suffered from depression, low self esteem or self-hatred. Rose quartz was perceived as being associated with the healing power of forgiveness, and thus was helpful in opening the heart, healing the pain of past upsets, and releasing guilt and old grudges. It was also believed effective as an aid to balancing the masculine and feminine aspects within both men and women [AncientGifts].
Agate: Agate is named after its ancient source, the Achates River in Sicily, now known as the Drillo River, which remains a major source of this gemstone. The gemstone was so named by the 4th century B.C. ancient Greek Philosopher/Naturalist Theophrastus, who “discovered” the stone along the shore line of the river (there’s a dissenting opinion that the word agate is derived from the Greek word "agateес" – meaning happy). The Greeks used agate for making jewelry and beads. Ancient Greek mariners wore amulets of agate to protect against the perils of the sea. The Ancient Greeks also used agate to relieve stomach pains and diarrhea.
However agate had already been used for by man for decorative and amuletic purposes for thousands of years prior to the ancient Greeks, first by Stone Age man in France around 25,000 B.C. Archaeological discoveries demonstrate that the ancient Egyptians used agate well prior to 3,000 B.C. for talismans, amulets, seals, rings and vessels. In the Ptolemaic Period (fourth century B.C. to first century A.D.) the ancient Egyptians carved agate carved into scarabs. The ancient Egyptians believed that gray agate when worn around the neck would protect against and heal stiffness of the neck.
Agate was also extremely popular for use in jewelry in ancient Sumer, and agate was amongst the archaeological artifacts excavated at the Knossos site on Crete evidencing its use by the Bronze Age Minoan culture (about 1,800 B.C.). Persian magicians were believed to possess the power to divert storms through the use of agate talismans. Ancient Persians also believed that agate would confer eloquence upon the wearer. The ancient Persians (as well as other ancient Near Eastern cultures) also used agate as an antidote to fevers by placing the agate in the mouth. It was said to relieve thirst and reduce body temperature.
The ancient Babylonians used red agate to treat insect bites and stings, green agate to treat eye infections, and black agate (onyx) to protect women from disease. Agate talismans were worn in the Ancient Middle East to keep the blood healthy. In ancient Asia, agates were used by seers and magicians to see into the future. Agate was highly valued as a talisman or amulet in many other ancient cultures. It was said to quench thirst and protect from fevers. Another widespread belief in the ancient world was that wearing agate as a talisman would render the wearer invisible, thereby protecting the wearer from danger. Athletes throughout the ancient world wore agate amulets with the belief that agate would give them extra energy during competition and help them recover their strength afterwards.
Agate was also worn by various ancient cultures as protection against drowning, falling, mischievous fairies and poison, and was also believed an effective talisman to protect young children from harm. Farmers in many ancient civilizations (including the Romans) wore agate talismans to ensure a good harvest. The Romans, as well as the ancient Greeks, made extensive use of agate in their production of cameos and intaglio seals (as in signet rings). Moss agate, according to the Romans, had a divine power and an agate stone was used to grind ingredients for lotions and other ointments on, believing it would improve one's eyesight and/or disposition.
A famous collection of four thousand agate bowls that was accumulated by Mithradates, king of Pontus (Hellenic Turkey)Hellenic Turkey) is illustrative of the high value the ancient world had for agate. Agate bowls were also popular in the Byzantine Empire. Collecting agate bowls became common among European royalty during the Renaissance and many museums in Europe, including the Louvre, have spectacular examples. Early Celts in Britain used the gem to prevent skin disease, and in Celtic mythology orange agate was believed to be a powerful protection against Dragons. The Vikings and Saxons used agate to find lost items by ax and stone, a method of divination known as “axinomancy”.
In that ceremony a double-headed ax would be made red-hot and then the shaft pushed into a hole. A round agate pebble would then be placed on the upright ax head. If the pebble stayed on top of the ax, the questioner had to look elsewhere for the lost item. If the pebble fell to the ground, the questioner had to follow the direction of the rolling stone to find the missing item. During the Roman wars with the Gauls (in the first century B.C.), agate deposits were discovered along the Nahe river (a tributary to the Rhine) in Germany. The gem-cutting facilities set up there by the Romans survived until present day and, although the deposits are now depleted, the city of Idar-Oberstein on the Nahe river is still the major lapidary center of Europe.
Particularly from the 16th century onwards, huge quantities of cameos were cut from agate where layers of different colors occurred within the stone. The background material was cut away, leaving the cameo design in relief. In the Middle Ages and through to the Renaissance agate was worn as a talisman in the belief it could prevent harm from thunder and lightening, sorcery, poison, drunkenness and demonic possession. Medieval shamans and sorcerers believed that agate allow them to divine the truth. Agate was also believed to remove curses and spells, and to help eliminate bad luck. In Renaissance Europe, agate was believed to have a calming effect during times of stress and to give the wearer strength and courage. Renaissance-era artists and writers wore agate in the belief it would enhance creativity.
Wearing agate was also believed to improve vitality and physical strength, relieve headache pain, ensure marital and romantic fidelity, stimulate the intellect, and suppress anger. Agate was prized in Czarist Russia as a stone of long life, good health and prosperity. Agate is a variety of chalcedony quartz composed of colorful microscopic crystals of quartz occurring in bands of varying color and transparency. Most agates start as gas bubble cavities in eruptive rocks or ancient lava. Silica laden water seeps into the bubbles and coagulates to a silica gel, eventually crystallizing as quartz.
Agate is found in a wide variety of patterns and beautiful colors, and can be transparent to opaque. Many fossils (such as petrified wood, petrified coral, and even dinosaur bones) are agatized material where the original organic substance has been replaced by agate while retaining the original structure. The primary sources of agate today are Brazil, Uruguay, China, India, Madagascar, Mexico, the Ural Mountains of Russia, and the USA. In the ancient world it was believed that wearing agate made a person agreeable, happy, and cautious yet brave. Ancient cultures used it as a talisman as it was believed to bestow on the wearer protection against all dangers.
White agate was used as a cure for insomnia and guaranteed pleasant dreams. Agate was also believed to improve memory and concentration, increase stamina and encourage honesty, as well as aiding wearers to remain calm and focused. Contemporary practitioners attribute agate with fostering the ability to discover one's natural talents, enhancing analytical ability, and improving perceptiveness. It is believed to create a healthy balance between the physical, emotional and spiritual state of the wearer. Agate is reported to be an aid in overcoming fears and loneliness.
It is reputed to help the wearer view themselves with more clarity and view the world with a broader perspective. It is claimed to eliminate and cleanse “negative energies” from the body, and is thought to stimulate fertility and to be effective in treating bone marrow ailments and allergies. Due to the association with precision, agates are touted as useful talismans for accountants and bankers. And as in the distant past, agate is still considered an effective talisman which will increase wealth, good luck, long life, courage and strength; and to help protect and heal the wearer [AncientGifts].
Aventurine: Aventurine is a variety of chalcedony quartz characterized by its translucency and sparkly metallic inclusions which usually result in medium to dark green stones with a silvery green or blue sheen. The metallic inclusions give aventurine a unique sparkling iridescent effect, known as aventurescence. In addition to muscovite mica, hematite, goethite or boron may also be present and also produce iridescent properties. Aventurine is found in Australia, Austria, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Chile, China, Finland, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Madagascar, Nepal, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Tanzania, Tibet, and the USA.
Though green is the most common color of aventurine, it may also be found in blue, brown, white, peach, yellow, or orange, as well as shades in between (such as blue-green). The color of the stone depends on the mineral impurities contained within. Green aventurine contains a chrome-bearing mineral known as fuchsite mica, which imparts not only the classic green color, but the silvery sheen as well. Blue aventurine gains its color from the mineral dumortierite or from other aluminous sediments containing boron. Orange and brown aventurine gains its color from either hematite or goethite.
Green aventurine has been mined in India for millennia (particularly in the vicinities of Mysore and Madras), where it is sometimes referred to as “Indian Jade”. It has been mined in China for millennia as well, and is known as the "imperial stone”. In Russia golden-colored "goldstone" is produced from deposits in the Ural Mountains, and green adventurine is produced from deposits in the area of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. Throughout Asia and Europe aventurine has been used for thousands of years in jewelry, as well as for ornamental objects such as vases, bowls, and figurines.
Some of mankind’s earliest known primitive tools were composed of aventurine quartz, discovered in Ethiopia's Omo Valley. Many of the tools date back more than two and a half million years. Aventurine is a superior material for tool-making because of its excellent hardness, and a brittleness that allows it to be flaked into blades relatively easily. Aventurine has had a complicated relationship with mankind in millennia past. Ancient Hindus believed that a talisman of aventurine calmed the wearer’s emotions and enhanced creativity. Elsewhere in the East mystics associated aventurine with moon magick. A legend from ancient Tibet says that aventurine was used to improve nearsightedness and to increase the wearer's creativity.
As well (and more recently), aventurine has been a popular fertility charm for hundreds of years, the belief being that a piece of aventurine in the bedroom or under the pillow enhanced fertility. Sources recommend a rounded stone for women and an oval or long stone for men, mirroring the sexual symbolism found in many ancient fertility rituals and sacred sites. Green aventurine has also been worn in Asia for many centuries for good luck, and a talisman of green aventurine was and remains very popular with gamblers. In Europe’s recent past large aventurine rings were very popular in Victorian England. Legends also record the use of aventurine as an all-purpose healer, used to reduce stress, develop confidence, imagination and improve prosperity.
The medicinal uses of aventurine included, as mentioned above, use as an all-purpose health tonic and as a stress-reducer. In centuries past aventurine was used in China and elsewhere in Asia to treat cardiovascular and circulatory diseases including high blood pressure, as well as to treat bronchitis and colds, dermatitis, and hair loss. In the twenty-first century Asia aventurine is still worn as a lucky talisman and is a popular stone for gamblers. Contemporary practitioners associate aventurine as the astrological birthstone for Taurus, and hold that it is useful for soothing the eyes and reliving migraine headaches, and recommend the gemstone for its “soothing” properties, suggesting that the gemstone can produce a better night's sleep. Medicinally contemporary practitioners use aventurine to treat disorders of the lungs and heart, believing that it can reduce cholesterol levels and prevent arteriosclerosis. It has also been used to sooth and heal urinary tract infections.
Aventurine is also recommended by many contemporary practitioners to help increase muscle flexibility and as a remedy for lower back ailments such as sciatica. It is also widely employed as an aid to draw out the heat of fevers and reduce inflammation in wounds and joints. Contemporary practitioners posit that green aventurine has the strongest healing energy, symbolizing tranquility, patience and creativity. It is also believed to be powerfully effective when combined with psychotherapy. Green aventurine is also believed to be the most effective color for treating heart and respiratory disorders, as well as to improve eyesight and vision.
And as a “lucky talisman”, it is green aventurine which is still believed to be the most potent compared to other colors available. Green aventurine is thought to stimulate dreams and have a positive effect on psychic ability. It is suggested by many that green aventurine is an effective aid in strengthening the wearer’s sense of self-esteem, and has the power to give its wearer a positive outlook towards life, allowing the wearer to recognize and appreciate their right to happiness, health and prosperity, and enabling the wearer to shed feelings of fear or unworthiness, depression or lethargy which may be preventing the wearer from achieving their full potential.
In short a talisman of green aventurine is believed to instill in the wearer optimism and perseverance, giving them the focus and determination needed to keep advancing on their goals, no matter how distant or unachievable they may appear. Green aventurine is also believed to be useful in easing anxiety and calming excess emotion, and to aid the wearer in making decisions from the heart, stimulating creative inspiration and giving the courage to live honestly and forthrightly around others. Green aventurine is also believed to be comforting, soothing, and supportive to the agitated mind, as well as to provide a sense of balance and inner equilibrium. Many practitioners maintain that green aventurine has the capability to calm a troubled spirit and bring about inner peace, and is useful for healing old traumas and emotional wounds, and enhancing the wearer’s cheerfulness and sense of humor.
Red aventurine on the other hand is said to boost vitality, creativity and mental alertness. It is thought to aid “romantic creativity”, making it a good gemstone for date night. It is also believed to be helpful in healing reproductive system, and sometimes to reverse diseases. In contrast a talisman of blue aventurine is thought to be helpful if the wearer is seeking inner strength or self-discipline, and is believed to enhance creativity and develop both confidence and leadership qualities, enabling the wearer to act decisively and enhance their intuition. The wearing of a blue aventurine amulet is also believed to enable the wearer to overcome bad habits. As is the case with green aventurine, blue aventurine is also said to provide patience, eliminate stubbornness, and control excitability. Medicinally blue aventurine physically is said to help the body release toxins [AncientGifts].
Chalcedony: Quartz-silica gemstones can be classified into 3 varieties: quartz, which is transparent cut from a single crystal; translucent varieties covered by the term “chalcedony”, and opal. The earliest recorded use of chalcedony was for projectile points, knives, tools, and containers such as cups and bowls. Early man made weapons and tools from many varieties of chalcedony including agate, agatized coral, flint, jasper, and petrified wood. In all ages chalcedony has been the stone most used by the gem engraver, and many colored varieties are still cut and polished as gemstones. The Ancient Greeks referred to almost all colors of chalcedony from white to black and everything in-between as Onyx.
The name “chalcedony” is derived from the name of the ancient Greek town known as Chalkedon in Asia Minor on the Asia Minor side of the Bosporus. Now the Turkish city of Kadikoy and a suburb of Istanbul, Chalcedon was colonized by the Ionian Greek city of Miletus in the seventh century B.C., just opposite the shore where a few years later colonizing Greeks from Athens would found the city of Byzantium, which became one of the most impregnable fortified cities of the ancient world, and as Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. About two-hundred years after Chalcedon's founding, a close neighbor to the southwest, the city of Sardis, was just reaching its zenith as the chief city of the Kingdom of Lydia, and home to the fabulously wealthy King Croesus, who ruled from 560 to 548 B.C. Expert geologists, miners and gemstone cutters, the Sardians mined blue chalcedony which was shipped throughout the ancient Mediterranean world out of the port of Chalcedon.
Greek seafarers in the third or fourth century A.D. wore chalcedony and garnet amulets to avoid drowning. Romans eventually applied the term to describe black and dark brown colors only. In ancient Assyria chalcedony amulets were carved by temple priests and worn for a wide variety of purposes; to secure public favor, ensure victories, keep a lover faithful, keep one safe on a journey, or protect the wearer from political upheaval or war. One such amulet recently deciphered by archaeologists was inscribed with the prayer: “may Sin, lord of the crown, quiet you; may Ninurta, lord of weapons, break your enemies weapons; may Nergal, lord of the netherworld hold you in battle; may Ea and Asalluhi cut off your poison. Clear off!” Archaeologists have also uncovered Assyrian and Babylonian cylinder seals carved from chalcedony.
The Romans prized chalcedony for use as seals and in intaglio rings. During the later Roman Empire an art form started which was known as “opus sectile” in which large pieces of thinly cut stone (marble, mother of pearl, chalcedony, glass) were joined together to make a picture or design, much like a picture-puzzle, most often to be inlaid into walls and floors. The materials were cut into thin pieces, polished, and then cut according to the design so that they fit one another without the use of grout. Unlike mosaic techniques, where the placement of very small uniformly-sized pieces forms a design, “opus sectile” pieces were much larger and could be shaped to define large parts of the design. In the Middle Ages the technique was known as “cosmatesque”, and floors and small columns on tombs and altars continued to use inlays of different colors in geometric patterns.
Byzantine art continued with inlaid floors, but also produced some small religious figures in hardstone inlays. In the Italian Renaissance the technique was often referred to as “painting in stone”. The center of the art form was late 16th century in Florence, Italy. “Pictures” were created using thin, cut-to-shape pieces of brightly colored, semiprecious stones. “Commesso” pictures (also known as “pietra dura”), which typically made use of chalcedony, ranged from emblematic and floral subjects to landscapes, and were used mainly for tabletops and small wall panels, but also for jewelry, cameos, small boxes, etc.
During the Middle Ages and Renaissance chalcedony was believed to banish fear, hysteria, depression, mental illness and sadness. It was believed to reduce fever, and wearing chalcedony was believed to be beneficial to vision. It was also worn by many to promote calm and inner tranquility as well as to stimulate creativity. Astrologers and shamans of the Middle Ages wore engraved signet rings of chalcedony as amulets. In the late Renaissance it was widely believed that a person seeing nocturnal phantoms took in disease or evil through their eyes. Wearing chalcedony was believed to remove or counteract the disease or evil.
During the Renaissance chalcedony was also widely used as an architectural element in many of Europe's architectural "jewels." One such jewel is the Usimbardi Chapel inside the Church of Santa Trinita, built from 1602-07 in Florence, Italy. Renowned Florentine painter, architect, and poet Ludovico Cardi (1559-1613) decorated the pilaster strips of the chapel with agate, chalcedony, jasper and lapis lazuli inlays or "cladding". Another treasure is in Prague where the Chapel of St. Wenceslas built in the 1400's completely inside the St. Vitus Cathedral has walls of large paintings interspersed with stones of carnelian, amethyst, chalcedony and chrysoprase.
St. Vitus Cathedral is considered to be the one of the most important monuments of Czech art, is dedicated to St. Vitus, an Italian martyr put to death by the Emperor Diocletian in 304 or 305 A.D. The St. Vitus Cathedral is also the repository of the Bohemian (Czech) crown jewels and underground tombs of Bohemian (Czech) kings. It was also the venue in which Bohemian kings and queens were traditionally crowned. The magnificent gothic cathedral was founded in the late 9th century. The "good King Wenceslas" of the well-known Christmas carol dedicated a chapel to St. Vitus in 925 A.D. The cathedral in its present (rebuilt) form took nearly six centuries to complete after its construction started in 1344, and was designed by medieval architect Mathias Arras.
When Arras passed away in 1352), his work was continued by architect Peter Parler, who also built the St. Wenceslas Chapel, decorated with frescos and semi-precious stones. The final stage of construction was completed only in the period between 1873 and 1929. The facing of the walls which consist of precious stones, and the wall paintings of the Passion cycle are parts of the original 14th-century decoration of the chapel. Scenes from the life of St. Wenceslas which form another decorative band are attributed to the workshop of the Master of the Litomerice Altar. It is the door in the south-western corner of this chapel that leads to the Crown Chamber in which the Bohemian coronation jewels are kept.
In Victorian Europe chalcedony was carved into an endless array of cameos and intaglios. Moss agate, known for its green tree-like patterns was a particular favorite. Bloodstone was often used for cameos and intaglios for gentleman's jewelry. In particular, banded gemstones such as agate, sardonyx and onyx were used extensively for cameos. Chalcedony can be virtually any color of the rainbow. It is commonly pale blue, yellow, brown or gray with nearly wax-like luster. Ancient cultures prized a wide variety of chalcedony forms, two of the most widely used in the ancient Mediterranean were carnelian and lapis lazuli.
Other forms of chalcedony used in the ancient world include agate, onyx, bloodstone, jasper, tiger’s-eye, and aventurine. It might surprise some to find that petrified wood and dinosaur bones are classified as chalcedony, as the organic material has been replaced by inorganic chalcedony. Aside from chalcedony there are many other varieties of quartz which are not generally recognized as quartz. Purple quartz is known as amethyst; yellow quartz as "citrine", and ametrine is a variegated gemstone possessing a color somewhere between amethyst and citrine.
In the ancient world it was believed that chalcedony encouraged emotional balance, stamina, kindness, generosity, responsiveness, receptivity, creativity, charity and friendliness, and was useful for those suffering from depression, fear, hysteria, and mental illness. It was also believed to enhance the wearer’s ability to listen and understand, as well as the ability to communicate clearly, and provide the wearer with psychic visions. Its medicinal uses included as a treatment for heart ailments, fevers, as well as for eye disorders; and to relieve the emotional and physical symptoms of menopause, as well as to help alleviate symptoms of Alzheimer’s [AncientGifts].
Jasper: Jasper is a form of agate, and belongs to the chalcedony family of gemstones, which in turn is part of the quartz family of gemstones. Jasper is very similar to citrine and amethyst in make up, but possessing such large amounts of trace elements such as iron and sulfur (which provide the colors) that they are opaque rather than transparent. The biggest difference between a red jasper and a citrine is that there is probably 20% to 30% more iron in the jasper. The crystals in jasper gemstones are so dense and so tightly compacted that they are invisible to the naked eye. It often contains organic material and mineral oxides which give it interesting patterns, bands and colors. Many of these patterns resemble landscapes with mountains and valleys. Jasper occurs in red, green, blue, brown, pink, purple, yellow, white, gray and black.
Jasper was a favorite gem in ancient times and is referenced in Greek, Roman, Hebrew, Persian, East Indian Indus Valley (Harappan), Assyrian and Latin literature. In the Bible jasper was described as one of the twelve stones in the breastplate of Aaron, representing the twelve tribes of Israel. Referenced again in the New Testament, jasper is listed as one of the foundation stones of post-apocalyptic New Jerusalem. The name Jasper comes to us from the Greek language. “Jaspis”, or the ancient spelling “Iaspis” meaning “spotted stone”. It was also the name of a mythical stone found in the head of the adder snake. Greek warriors carried a jasper talisman to give them courage in battle. This association with bravery and warriors carried all the way into the Middle Ages, where one name for jasper was "the stone of warriors."
Early Mediterranean shamans or wizards believed that jasper was a very sacred stone. Blue colored Jaspers were used to travel safely back and forth to the Spirit World. Red Jasper represented the blood of the Great Mother and was used to connect with the Earth in healing ceremonies. Green Jaspers were used to call the rain. Magicians in fourth century Britain placed carved Jasper bowls at the corners of a farmer's field to bring rain for the crops (many American Indian tribes shared the belief that jasper had the ability to bring rain). According to the Medieval Norse tenth century Volsunga Saga, the sword hilt of Sigurd (also known as Siegfried), a legendary hero of Viking mythology and son of Sigmund the king, was set with jasper.
Medieval authors of the 11th and 12th centuries wrote volumes about the protective powers of the Jasper. It was written that the gemstone drove away evil spirits and protected the wearer from the bites of poisonous snakes and spiders. It was also recommended that women hold a piece of jasper in the hand during childbirth to guard against the evil that could come to the mother and child by demons of the air. Physicians in the Middle Ages wore jasper amulets to aid them in their diagnoses, and stocks of jasper were kept in every pharmacy. Jasper was thought to drive away evil spirits and cure fevers, dropsy, and epilepsy. It was also believed to quicken thought and action, and at the same time ensure caution and the avoidance of needless risk.
However mankind’s relationship with Jasper, especially red jasper, is much more ancient than merely Medieval Europe, or even the Classical Greeks. It dates back as early as Stone-Age France (20,000 B.C.) where it was found to be used for ornamental objects; and to the ancient Babylonians (1,000 B.C.) where it was used in seals which have been found in ancient ruins. In between the Neolithic Stone Age and the Babylonians, green jasper was used to make bow drills in the Harappan Indus Valley civilization 7,000 years ago (circa 5,000 B.C.), and jewelry shortly thereafter. On Minoan Crete jasper was carved to produce seals almost 4,000 years ago (circa 1800 B.C.), as evidenced by archaeological recoveries at the palace of Knossos. In ancient China, green jasper was often used by the Chinese in place of (much more costly) jade in the mouth of the dead.
The ancient Egyptians used red jaspers to represent the blood of their goddess Isis. Amulets of the gem were said to have the same attributes as the goddess' blood itself, and when worn as an amulet helped prepare one for the judgment of Osiris upon death. Thus Chapter 156 of the Book of the Dead required the amulet in the form of the Girdle Tit of Isis, placed at the throat of the mummy, to be made of red jasper, whose blood-like coloring would enhance the words of the spell: ‘You have your blood, Isis; you have your power.’ Emanating from the same powers of Isis, an amulet carved of red jasper in the form of a serpent’s head was believed to prevent the body from being bitten by snakes in the underworld.
The ancient Egyptians also carved sacred scarab amulets from red jasper as a symbol of eternal life. The ancient Egyptian word for red jasper, khenmet (hnmt), was derived from the verb “hnm”, and meant “to delight”. Red jasper was extremely popular in Ancient Egypt, expensive, and especially favored for use in earrings. Red jasper came to ancient Egypt from Nubia (a region laying between present-day Southern Egypt and Sudan) and from Punt (somewhere as yet unknown in Africa) in the form of regular tributes to the Pharaoh. In fact an ancient papyrus detailing the tribute from Nubia survives to present time. Red jasper tributes from both Nubia and Punt were discovered in the Thebes tomb of Rekhmire and the tomb of Iamunedjeh; both were high officials of King Tuthmosis III (1450 B.C.).
Jasper was also carved into intaglio seals (as in signet rings), not only by the ancient Egyptians, but by the ancient Greeks and Romans as well, and was also very popular for use as carved cameos. The ancient Greeks and Romans believed that if athletes wore the stone they would gain endurance. The ancient Greeks called it heliotrope sun (helios) and turner (tropos) because it was believed to turn the sun red if the sun’s reflection was shown in a bowl of water holding the stone. Mankind’s belief that Jasper contained magical powers persisted well into the Middle Ages where jasper was a favorite gemstone with shamans, magicians and mystics.
Blue jasper was used as a medium to connect with the afterworld; red jasper was believed to enhance health, concentration, self-discipline, energy, focus and to shepherd a soul toward rebirth; yellow jasper protected the user while traveling to the spirit world; and brown jasper also providing protection in the form of “grounding”. One particular jasper known as “bloodstone” is a green stone with drops and splotches of red. The variety was so named by ancient Christians who believed that it represented the blood of the crucifixion dripping from Christ’s wounds onto a dark green stone that lay beneath it. Due to this belief, bloodstone became the favored stone of the Crusaders.
Jasper was used widely during the Renaissance in an art form known as “commesso”, the roots of which can be traced back to the ancient Roman Empire. During the later Roman Empire the art form was known as “opus sectile”, and it involved large pieces of thinly cut stone (marble, mother of pearl, chalcedonies such as jasper, glass, etc.) which were joined together to make a picture or design, much like a picture-puzzle, most often to be inlaid into walls and floors. The materials were cut into thin pieces, polished, and then cut according to the design so that they fit one another without the use of grout. Unlike mosaic techniques, where the placement of very small uniformly-sized pieces forms a design, “opus sectile” pieces were much larger and could be shaped to define large parts of the design.
In the Middle Ages the technique became known as “cosmatesque”, and floors and small columns on tombs and altars continued to use inlays of different colors in geometric patterns. Byzantine art continued with inlaid floors, but also produced some small religious figures in hardstone inlays. In the Italian Renaissance the technique was often referred to as “painting in stone”. The center of the art form was late 16th century in Florence, Italy. “Pictures” were created using thin, cut-to-shape pieces of brightly colored, semiprecious stones. “Commesso” pictures (also known as “pietra dura”), which typically made use of various chalcedonies such as jasper, ranged from emblematic and floral subjects to landscapes, and were used mainly for tabletops and small wall panels, but also for jewelry, cameos, small boxes, etc.
During the Renaissance jasper was also widely used as an architectural element in many of Europe's architectural "jewels." One such jewel is the Usimbardi Chapel inside the Church of Santa Trinita, built from 1602-07 in Florence, Italy. Renowned Florentine painter, architect, and poet Ludovico Cardi (1559-1613) decorated the pilaster strips of the chapel with agate, chalcedony, jasper and lapis lazuli inlays or "cladding". Another treasure is in Prague where the Chapel of St. Wenceslas, built in the 1400's completely inside the St. Vitus Cathedral, has walls of large paintings interspersed with stones of carnelian, amethyst, chalcedony, jasper and chrysoprase. St. Vitus Catherdral is considered to be the one of the most important monuments of Czech art, is dedicated to St. Vitus, an Italian martyr put to death by the Emperor Diocletian in 304 or 305 A.D.
In the ancient world jasper was used as a cure for skin, intestinal, and stomach disorders (including ulcers), as well as gynecological complaints. Green jasper in particular was used to cure kidney, spleen and gall bladder ailments. The green and red jasper known as “bloodstone” was (predictably) believed to stop bleeding or hemorrhaging. Jasper was also used as a sleep aid, and believed to bring happiness into the wearer’s life. In many ancient cultures, jasper was carved into amulets protective or magical devices guarding the wearer against illness, disaster, demons or harm in the afterlife (as described in detail in the preceding paragraphs). Modern practitioners believe that jasper has magical properties which can enhance the wearers spiritual connection to the earth, or in spells and charms for protection, stability, self-reliance, prosperity, inspiration and good fortune. Jasper is also believed to prevent nightmares and strengthen the mind against depression and negative thoughts.
The stone is also used to increase self confidence and independence and ward off mental or psychic domination by others, helping the wearer break free from an oppressive situation or an abusive relationship. Jasper is also believed to soothe nerves, ease the wearer's mental state, and to induce relaxation. Many contemporary healers also recommend jasper as an aid to healing after an illness, and believe that amongst its benefits is the ability to help the body absorb vitamins and minerals while expelling toxins. Jasper is also believed by many healers to cure insanity, bring out evil spirits in persons possessed by demons, aid in overcoming jealousy, and bring about truth and monetary gain [AncientGifts].
Onyx: Onyx is the name for the black (most often with white banding) variety of chalcedony. It has been used since antiquity where it was highly prized as a cameo stone. The layered color structure allows the engraver to cut the subject in one color while creating a background of another. According to Greek Mythology, the origins of onyx are traced to the Goddess Venus’s fingernails. One day when Venus (the Greco-Roman Goddess of Beauty) lay asleep the mischievous Cupid (her son and the God of Love) cut her fingernails and flew away leaving the fingernail clippings scattered on the ground. Because no part of a deity could be permitted to die, the gods turned the fingernail clippings into stone which later became known as onyx.
In fact the name “onyx” draws its origin from the Greek language in which “onux” means fingernails. In the ancient world, onyx was oftentimes more costly than either gold or silver, and one ancient reference recorded it as more valuable than sapphire. Onyx was used in ancient Egypt as early as the Second Dynasty (about 2800 B.C.) to make bowls and other items. Onyx also was amongst the artifacts recovered of Minoan Crete (about 1800 B.C.), notably from the archaeological discoveries at Knossos. Onyx became particularly famous in the hands of both the Greeks and Romans, who as described by the first century Roman historian and naturalist “Pliny the Elder”, crafted beautiful intaglio seals out of onyx.
Ancient Greek and Roman soldiers often wore a talisman of onyx, as it was believed that doing so would instill a sense of bravery in the soldiers. Oftentimes the talismans worn by Roman soldiers were carved with images of Hercules or Mars, the Roman God of War. Ancient historical accounts record that the Roman General Publius Cornelius Scipio (who defeated Hannibal at Carthage) frequently wore this gemstone. The Romans also believed that wearing onyx would enhance the growth of fingernails and regenerative skin growth. In nearby ancient Persia onyx was used by sorcerers and shamans who believed it enhanced intuition. In ancient India onyx was believed to calm the ardors of love, a belief which eventually was picked up by the Western World where onyx had the reputation of decreasing sexual desire.
The ancient Hindus also wore onyx to protect against the evil eye as it was believed that onyx had a trapped demon within. To the ancient Chinese, onyx was known as the "stone of sadness", and it was believed that even entering a mine where onyx was found might lead to terrifying dreams, doubts, and disputes. Onyx was also known to the ancient Hebrews. According to Genesis, onyx was found in the land of “Havilah”, "where the gold is", thought to refer to Egypt or Arabia. A precious commodity in Old Testament times, onyx is also mentioned frequently in the Bible, such as "Job regarded God's wisdom as a greater possession than even costly onyx." Onyx is also frequently cited as one of the twelve stones in the breastplate of the High Priest, Aaron, representing the twelve tribes of ancient Israel.
In the Medieval World onyx was believed useful in aiding the wearer to cure bad habits, and to help the wearer retain strength. However the beliefs of the ancient Chinese had spread to Europe by the Middle Ages, and onyx was also believed by many to bring bad luck, sadness, fear and images of madness in sleep, as well as to create discord and dispute. Medieval shamans and magicians believed that onyx would protect against misfortune and illness, and would prevent illusions, nightmares and confusion caused by evil spirits. Onyx was often used in magic to contact spirits of the dead, and as an aid to recall memories and visions of past lives. It was believed to “soften” barriers between the worlds, allowing travel between different planes of existence.
Shamans also believed that the stone could be used to summon friendly spirits to guide a dying soul on its journey to the next world. An onyx sphere was believed to protect the owner by providing a warning of impending danger. In the Renaissance onyx was believed to fill the wearer with a gift of eloquence (and was regarded with great value by public speakers and orators), particularly when expressing his or her love to a new romantic interest. It was also worn with the belief that it helped increase concentration and sharpen the wearer’s wits, and was also worn to enhance one’s spiritual inspiration. Onyx was also believed to bring unexpected good luck and opportunity to its owner and to protect them from the plots and ill wishes of their enemies.
Onyx is a variety chalcedony quartz, part of the agate family, and is formed in the gas cavities of lava. Generally the stone is black or black with white banding. Some onyx displays white and lighter reddish bands or ribbons against a brown background, this variety is known as sardonyx. When the onyx has a red base, it is known as carnelian-onyx. In the ancient world it was believed that onyx gave courage and bravery to the wearer, would warn the wearer of impending danger, would enhance the intuitive and prophetical abilities of sorcerers and magicians, would act as a guide to the souls of the deceased, would enable mediums to communicate with the dead and recall past lives, would protect against the “evil eye”, and would also cool the flames of sexual desire. It was also believed to enhance the growth of fingernails and skin, to enhance intelligence and the ability to concentrate, would help the wearer break bad habits, enhance the wearer’s oratorical abilities, and would protect the wearer from evil spells and nightmares.
Modern practitioners believe that onyx is useful in healing old emotional wounds and enabling the wearer to move ahead by forgetting the past experiences of bad relationships, and as well help form new romantic relationships by improving expressive abilities between lovers. For absent-minded people onyx is regarded as being very helpful in increasing concentration levels and calming the mind amidst the chaotic conditions of modern life, even so far as being recommended for the treatment of various neurological disorders. Some modern practitioners claim that onyx can help physical ailments such as hearing problems, heart trouble, and ulcers. It is also believed to encourage new hair growth for those suffering from baldness, and is also believed an aid to those who are trying to break bad habits. Onyx is also said to lend comfort in unfamiliar surroundings, alleviating feelings of loneliness and alienation [AncientGifts].
Tiger’s-Eye: Tiger's-eye has been enormously popular in various Asian cultures for thousands of years. Cabochon cut stones of this variety show “chatoyancy” (a small ray of light on the surface) that resembles the feline eye of a tiger. The ancient source for Tiger’s eye was India, where it was a very important trade good, and was traded throughout the ancient Orient and into the Mediterranean. It was used as a very important healing stone by both the ancient Egyptians as well as the Greeks. Many ancient Egyptian statues of their various gods have been found with eyes made from tiger’s-eye. According to ancient legends, tiger’s-eye enabled the wearer to be “all seeing”, even to the point of being able to see through walls, enabling one to observe what was happening in another room.
Tiger’s-eye was not only worn to enable “clear vision”, but also to drive off phantoms and shades of the dead. It was often carried by nighttime travelers for these purposes, as well as to help them see in the dark. Worn as a talisman it was believed to protect against curses and enchantments (“spells”), and to protect against illness as well. The ancient Egyptians also believed that tiger’s-eye would bring good fortune to the wearer. Tiger’s-eye was also quite popular in the ancient Middle East. The Assyrians (neighbors to the Babylonians) carved tiger's-eye into cylinders which were covered with depictions of mythic creatures and names of gods. These cylinders were then worn about the neck as charms for protection.
Tiger’s-eye was also worn in the Near East as protection against the “evil eye”. There was an ancient belief that some evil sorcerers or witches had the ability to transmit evil with just a glance. Certain items of personal adornment (amulets, talismans, etc.) were thought to protect the wearer from the "evil eye" by the proviso of an always watchful open eye and tiger’s-eye was just that, an always open and watchful “eye”. A thousand years later Roman soldiers carried tiger’s-eye, often with the forms of lions and hawks carved into the gemstone, believing that it gave them an advantage over their opponents in combat, inspiring courage and providing protection as well.
In much of ancient Africa tiger’s-eye was considered to be “the” gemstone of royalty. It was believed that an amulet of tiger’s-eye would grow heavier in presence of predators, providing advance warning of danger to the wearer. Tiger’s-eye is a form of chalcedony quartz which contains brown iron trace elements which produces its golden-yellow color. Tiger’s-eye “began life” as a form of natural asbestos. Asbestos is a mineral fiber, a form of hydrous magnesium silicate. Ancient civilizations recognized asbestos’s resistance to fire. The name is derived from its historical use in lamp wicks. Ancient Egyptians used asbestos for burial cloths to protect the dead during their journey to the afterlife.
During volcanic events, the fibrous asbestos is replaced by iron-bearing quartz called limonite. This is what creates the dazzling golden luminous eye of the tiger that provides such elegant beauty in tiger’s-eye stone. In the ancient world many cultures believed that wearing tiger's-eye was beneficial for health and spiritual well being. It was used by ancient shamans and mystics as a psychic protection (against evil spirits) and as an aid to achieving clarity. In the Medieval World and into the Renaissance wearing a talisman of tiger’s-eye was believed to enhance business fortunes, and that tiger’s eye could bestow upon the wearer the strength to persevere and overcome fatigue or discouragement. Wearing tiger’s-eye was also believed during the Renaissance to make the wearer irresistible to the opposite sex, overcoming lethargy and boosting the wearer’s sex drive.
Modern practitioners attribute to tiger’s-eye the ability to relieve high blood pressure, and beneficial to those who suffer from skin diseases, bronchial asthma, rheumatic heart disease, kidney disease, and to aid hypochondriacs. It is also claimed to be a “stone of balance”, useful to mediators and diplomats, as it is claimed that tiger’s eye helps the wearer see both sides of an argument and make detached, logical judgments. Tiger’s-eye is also said to increase confidence, especially when speaking in public. Another benefit ascribed to the stone is that it enables the wearer to calm and center themselves when they feel scattered and unorganized. Further that the wearing the stone will enhance integrity, willpower, and courage. It is also claimed that meditation with the stone can help the wearer find the “path of power” that lies between polarities, as well as enhance visualization skills, psychic vision and insights [AncientGifts].
Hematite: Hematite has been used for ornamental purposes since the earliest days of recorded human civilization. The ancient Egyptians used hematite in the creation of their magical amulets such as the carpenter stone, head rest amulets, and heart amulets. Some of these amulets were treatments for madness and inflammation. In several royal tombs hematite signet rings have been found once belonging to the interned Pharaoh. Hematite's use as a healing stone reaches back not only to ancient Egypt, but as well to ancient Mesopotamia. Ancient healing traditions for hematite were originally described using the name “bloodstone”. It was used to stop the flow of blood from wounds and drawing poisons from the body. The Greek word haima, which means blood, is the root of hematite's name and originates from the dark red streak which some varieties of hematite possess. Warriors in Roman world used hematite as protection during battle. So strong was their belief in the power of hematite to protect them that they thought it could even make them invincible. Red Ochre is another form of hematite which was used by many primitive cultures as a face and body paint [AncientGifts].
u>Jet: The adjective “jet-black” is perhaps better known than is this mineral from which the expression is derived. Jet is formed by the compression of lignite, an organic material that was once driftwood. Lignite layers are often found with amber and so Jet is often called "black amber". Jet is found in one of two forms, hard and soft. "Hard" jet is the result of the carbon compression and salt water; "soft" jet is the result of the carbon compression and fresh water. The heat and pressure caused by burial transformed the fossilized drift wood into this much darker and denser material. As such jet, like coal, is millions of years old. Surprisingly it is very light and warm to touch, and like amber, will create static electricity when rubbed. Jet is easily polished and has been used in the manufacture of jewelry and amulets since about 10,000 B.C. in areas of both Britain and Germany.
Jet has been actively mined since about 1500 B.C. both in Britain as well as Asia Minor. Items of jet such as beads, pendants and charms have been found in ancient burial mounds. The Pueblo Indians were known for burying jet with their dead for protection in the afterlife. Jet beads together with amulets not only of jet but also of amber, have often been found in the burial places (barrows) of the European bronze-age people who lived approximately 10,000 years ago. It is thought that the shiny black stone might have been worn to ward off evil spirits. When the Romans came to Britain, there was a thriving jet mining, carving and polishing industry in Whitby on the Yorkshire coast, and elsewhere in Yorkshire. The Romans had great liking for jet, and jet objects are often found on Roman sites, these including hair pins, bracelets, medallions and finger rings. Very large quantities of Roman-era jet rings were found in Britain during excavations in the 1920’s. Jet enjoyed a resurgence of popularity during the Victorian period. This industry continues today on a smaller scale, and Whitby jet is recognized as one of the main sources of the finest quality of jet.
The name “jet” is derived from the old French jaiet, which came from the Latin word gagates after the River Gages, where it was first mined near the Mediterranean coast of Asia Minor. In the 16th century, jet was believed to be black amber and commonly used in rosary beads. Jet was also burned by the wives of sailors to protect them at sea. Jet was historically considered protective against illness, the evil eye and personal attacks. The thin smoke produced by energetically rubbing the jet was supposed to be potent in dissolving spells and enchantments and curing patients who had been 'overlooked' by someone possessed of the evil eye. On occasion it might be employed to drive away devils and for this virtue it had to thank its blackness which matched that of the devil. It was often mentioned in history, and the fourteenth century poet Chaucer talks of a gate of bright black stone found in Yorkshire, and the fact that jet was worn by the “fashion conscious” of the era [AncientGifts].
Obsidian: Obsidian is glass created by volcanic heat, similar to the way in which a diamond is formed, but it cooled too fast to form crystals. The ancient Roman Historian Pliny described obsidian as “obsidianus”, so named from its resemblance to a stone found in Ethiopia by one Obsius, and thus was the origin of the name “obsidian”. Obsidian has been prized by peoples of the ancient Near East for making tools and objects of art and personal adornment since before the beginnings of settled communities. In fact, modern archaeologists have identified obsidian quarries on the Greek island of Melos over 35,000 years old.
Widely distributed, but in a relatively limited number of localities, each with a unique chemical signature, obsidian has proven to be an ideal material for archaeological studies of early trade in the ancient Near East (Levant) and Mediterranean, revealing that obsidian was traded along routes that stretched thousands of miles, reaching backward in time into the Neolithic. It was regarded as magical in ancient times, used as an amulet, to cure illness, and polished into a mirror used as a scrying tool (to foresee the future). In Ubaid (early Mesopotamia) in the fifth millennium BC, blades were manufactured from obsidian mined in today's Turkey.
In the third millennium B.C., ancient Egyptians used obsidian imported from the eastern Mediterranean and southern Red Sea regions. In Ancient Meso-America the Incan people used mahogany obsidian to create masks, mirrors, and weapons. Ancient Greeks associated obsidian with Pluto, the god of the underworld and keeper of hidden treasures. Obsidian was valued in Stone Age cultures because, like flint, it could be fractured to produce sharp blades or arrowheads. Obsidian blade edges can reach almost molecular thinness, leading to its ancient use as projectile points and blades, and its modern use as surgical scalpel blades. Obsidian was also polished to create early mirrors.
Obsidian is usually black, sometimes red or brown, and in the rarest occasions mahogany, rainbow, gold, silver, green, and a black variety with white inclusions known as “snowflake” obsidian. Snowflake obsidian was one of the earliest stones used for scrying, or seeing visions. It is these deviations in color that give obsidian a gem-like quality. Even jet black obsidian is highly prized as a gem when it is carved and polished. Obsidian’s medical uses in the ancient world included calming phobias and stopping convulsions.
Mahogany obsidian was believed to relive tension, heal gums, and improve circulation Spiritually it was believed to provide an accurate reflection of personality changes that need to be made, clarify the soul and bring good luck. Mahogany obsidian was regarded as a stone of strength, giving the wearer the ability to follow one's own convictions even in the face of adversity and bringing strength in times of need. A stone of reflection, this form of obsidian was believed to help with inner reflection, mirroring one’s flaws while bringing self-acceptance, helping with decision making, and enabling wearers to make significant change in difficult areas of our lives. The stone is also thought be some to increase sensuality - particularly with the sense of touch [AncientGifts].
Feldspar: From the perspective of the gemstone world, it would seem like quartz (amethyst, citrine, quartz crystal, aventurine, etc.) is the most abundant mineral in the world. But from the point of view of mineralogy, it is feldspar that is the most common mineral. In fact feldspar makes up nearly 60% of the earth's crust. Despite being so common it is rare for feldspars to occur as gemstone. The most common use of feldspar however is not for gemstones. Feldspar is most commonly used in glassmaking and ceramics. In glassmaking, alumina from feldspar improves product hardness, durability, and resistance to chemical corrosion. The alkali content in feldspar acts as a flux lowering the glass batch melting temperature and reducing production costs. In ceramics, the alkali in feldspar also acts as a flux, lowering the melting temperature of a mixture. Fluxes melt at an early stage in the firing process, forming a glassy matrix that bonds the other components of the system together. Feldspar is often used as an anti-caking agent in powdered forms of non-dairy creamer. Granite, an important building material, contains up to 50% to 70% of alkaline feldspar (giving granite its characteristic pink undertones). In earth sciences and archaeology, feldspars are used for argon, optical, and thermoluminescence dating.
The name “feldspar” is derived from the German terms “feld” (field), referring to the mineral's abundance and the fact that as it breaks up it becomes a major component of soil, and “'spar” (a term for a rock that splits easily). Gemstones of the feldspar family include include orthoclase feldspar, amazonite, moonstone, labradorite, sunstone and andesine. Feldspars which are crystalline in form and transparent are generally orthoclase feldspar or andesine (a type of labradorite). Feldspar is also one of the minerals found in unakite. The most common transparent feldspar gemstone is orthoclase, and though most often occurs in yellow or pink, is also found colorless, as well as light green, greenish blue, green, white, black, and brown. Orthoclase as a mineral is a very common feldspar, but when described as a gemstone it usually refers to a rare transparent yellow or pink form of the mineral orthoclase. Orthoclase feldspar gemstones were certainly used in the ancient world (such as in the mask of Tutankhamun), however few records exist as feldspar was not identified as such, and was likely confused with other gemstones such as citrine.
Under what name orthoclase feldspar was known in the ancient world is indeterminable. Orthoclase feldspar was likely misidentified as citrine, pink tourmaline, etc. Though some types of feldspar were well known in the ancient world, such as moonstone, sunstone, labradorite, etc., transparent feldspar was not identified in ancient literature as feldspar. It was used in the ancient world. Many examples of feldspar have been found in archaeological remains, the most prominent example of which is Tutankhamun’s mask. However outside of other feldspar varieties such as moonstone, history is silent as to how transparent orthoclase feldspar crystals may have been used for healing or for mystic or shamanic purposes.
However it is possible that the beliefs which modern practitioners hold pertaining to orthoclase feldspar crystals may reflect ancient beliefs. It is common for such beliefs to be carried forward in folklore. Orthoclase is used for crystal healing purposes. Orthoclase is said to be of help at heart ailments, to strengthen bones, improving the wearer’s concentration, lowering blood pressure and strengthening the body's natural defenses against stress. On the metaphysical plane, orthoclase feldspar is considered by most to be a “lunar stone” that encourages the development of clairvoyance and clairaudience (the ability to see and hear spirits).
It is believed that wearing an orthoclase feldspar helps to boost the wearer’s energy levels, and to enhance adaptability and the ability to cope with change. It is considered helpful to hose feeling stressed by the pace of life, dealing with loss, grief or changes that are disrupting emotionally or causing one to feel that their foundations are no longer stable. Feldspar is believed to help the wearer cope with the minor, everyday pressures of life as well as the major traumas. Another of orthoclase use is to use it during meditation due to its calming and soothing properties [AncientGifts].
Labradorite: Labradorite is a variety of feldspar closely related to “moonstone”, typically found in colors of gray, brown, green, blue, yellow, or colorless. The most common variety of labradorite is best known for its play of colors called labradorescence. The labradorescence, or “schiller” effect (similar to the iridescence of pearl or opal), is most commonly blue in tone, however sometimes green, purple, gold and yellow, red, or bronze-toned flashes can be seen. The bright metallic looking colors created on the surface of the labradorite are seen as the stone is moved at different angles to a light source. The iridescent shimmer of color has been compared with the wings of tropical butterflies, peacock feathers, black opal, black abalone mother-of-pearl, and the sheen of gasoline floating atop a puddle of water.
Labradorite is also known as "black rainbow" in India for its astonishing rainbow colored reflection. The variety of labradorite exhibiting the highest degree of labradorescence (typically in a black body) is called “spectrolite”, and is found only in (and is the national gemstone of) Finland. Labradorite is also sometimes found as large transparent red, yellow, champagne, or colorless crystals which may be cut into faceted gemstones. Labradorite was “officially discovered” on St. Paul Island in Labrador, Canada, in 1770. However, pieces of the gemstone also have been found among artifacts of the Native Americans in Maine. Archaeologists have also found reference to it by the ancient Indian tribes of Canada.
Calling it “firestone” because of its captivating play of color, the Native Indians of Labrador attributed mystical qualities to labradorite, using the powdered gem as a magical potion to cure their ailments. According to an Eskimo legend, the Northern Lights were once imprisoned in the rocks along the coast of Labrador, and then a wandering Eskimo warrior found them and freed most of the lights with a mighty blow of his spear. Some of the lights were still trapped within the stone however, and thus the shimmer of color which may be found within labradorite.
It turns out that despite the fact that the official “discovery” of labradorite is attributed to 1770, labradorite has actually been found in a number of countries, most European, many of which have produced the gemstone for centuries, if not millennia, including Russia, Finland, Norway, England, Scotland, Bavaria, Austria, and India (it is also been discovered in Australia and Madagascar in the past few centuries). In fact, labradorite was accurately described by the first century Roman naturalist and historian “Pliny the Edler”. There’s archaeological evidence that labradorite was used in Roman jewelry produced in England, and that it was also used by the “barbarian” Germanic tribes during the Roman era.
Labradorite has been used in Russian jewelry since the Medieval era. Labradorite was immensely popular in eighteenth century France and England set into pins, bracelets, and brooches. In ancient mythology, the radiance of labradorite was considered to have originated from the time when the earth was united with the sun. According to legends attributed to Atlantis, it was believed to awaken the sleeping powers of insight, clairvoyance, creativity and knowledge. Mystics and shamans valued labradorite very highly, employing it in magic, ritual and ceremonies. Labradorite was also frequently associated in the ancient world with myths and deities that pertain to rainbows.
For example it was associated with Iris, the ancient Greek Goddess of rainbows; and in Norse Mythology with the “Bifrost Bridge”, a burning rainbow bridge which reached between “Midgard” (the profane world) and “Asgard” (the realm of the gods). There are also references to labradorite being used in the Middle Ages to treat eye and brain disorders, and to help regulate metabolic and digestive processes. An amulet of labradorite was also believed to protect the home from intruders. In the ancient world it was believed that labradorite brought good luck, and provided relief from anxiety, hopelessness and depression; replacing them with enthusiasm, self-confidence and inspiration. Modern practitioners believed that labradorite enhances inner knowledge of “the mysteries”, intuition, psychic perception; elevating consciousness and amplifying psychic abilities such as psycho-navigation, shape shifting and in communication with spirits.
Labradorite is also said to energize the body and enhance productivity, aiding one to work productively for long periods without tiring, stimulating exercise, and to re-energize those who have been overworking. It is also believed to be a powerful sleep aid, to enhance the ability of the wearer’s ability to relate to others, and positively reinforce the wearer’s originality, creativity, and confidence. It is also believed to be useful in combating jealousy, and allegedly will cause negativity to “bounce off” the wearer. Medicinally labradorite is contemporaneously used by healers to help relieve the effects of stress and tension, especially after long and arduous troubles. It is also believed to be an effective aid in losing weight since the gemstone is thought to help balance the metabolism, and is also believed to be useful for the treatment of infertility, disgestive disorders, eye and brain disorders, diseases of the joints and prostate gland.
Psychics and spiritualists claims that labradorite can be used to open channels of communication with spiritual beings, especially animal spirits, making the stone useful for anyone seeking a spiritual ally, totem or familiar. They claim it encourages self reliance, independence and magical revelations, and can reveal the wearer’s spiritual destiny. It is believed to strength the wearer’s abilities in astral projection, dream recall, and to form a bridge between the conscious and unconscious mind. The yellow form of labradorite is believed to alleviate oppression and protect spiritual seekers who face discrimination or abuse because of their belief in “crystal power” [AncientGifts].
Sunstone: Sunstone was known in the ancient world as is also known as “heliolite”, “Helio” of course Greek for “Sun”. Ancient Greeks used it in goblets to prevent poisoning. Sunstone is a member of the feldspar group of minerals and is closely related to moonstone. It is formed and crystalized in a lava flow. The color is caused by tiny crystals of copper within the stones which often results in "schiller" or shimmer that is usually a peach color. Sunstone was well known in the ancient world, and have been discovered in Viking burial mounds. Among the Vikings it was thought to be an aid to navigation. The original source of the stone for the Vikings was probably a deposit in Norway at Tvedestrand, rediscovered in the 1950’s.
Ancient American sources of sunstone were also eventually rediscovered in Oregon and Canada, where the discovery was made that sunstone was used by ancient North American natives for barter. Sunstone has also been well known in Russia for many centuries. Russian sunstone varies from golden to orange to red-brown, and can be transparent or translucent. Sunstone has a distinctly metallic look, due to sparkling mineral inclusions (usually hematite or goethite crystals) of red, orange or green. Many sunstones also contain copper or pyrite inclusions, giving an extra flash of light. Until the early 1800’s, sunstone was very rare and quite expensive. Then in 1831 a massive deposit was discovered along the Selenga River in Siberia, near Lake Baikal, Russia.
Before the Russian discovery near Lake Baikal, sunstone was found in only one location, on Sattel Island in Russia’s White Sea. Since sunstone had been so rare in the ancient world, its use as a jewelry stone in our ancient past was limited. However, sunstone has a long history of association with the sun’s powers. Magicians would set the stone in gold to attract the sun’s influence. An ancient healing tradition used a circle of sunstones set out under the sun. Individuals with rheumatism could then sit in the middle of the circle and be relieved of their symptoms. Native American tribes from Canada often used sunstone in Medicine Wheel ceremonies to help establish a connection with the healing light of the sun. In the ancient past sunstone, in addition to it’s connection with the power of the sun, was also believed to strengthen the life force, bring luck, instill optimism and increase strength and vitality, assist in contemplative processes, and bolster the energy level. It was also believed to bring luck and romance to the wearer [AncientGifts].
Moonstone: Moonstone is a form of feldspar. Moonstone is a fairly rare (though not expensive) gemstone. The most significant deposits of the gemstone are found in Brazil, Mexico, Canada, the United States, Norway, Poland, Austria, Switzerland, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Germany, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Kenya, Madagascar, Australia, and China. Moonstone is usually colorless but also is found with a silvery or blue sheen, and also in background colors ranging from white or gray, to sky blue, green, peach, yellow, pink and orange. Generally moonstones are transparent, but sometimes the milk-white variety comes with blue or white schiller (luminescence) which give the stone an effect similar to moonshine. Rainbow moonstone is milky white with a rainbow colored sheen.
The gemstone was named “moonstone” because to ancient populations, its blue-white sheen resembles that of the moon, and the translucency which so much resembles the beautiful quality of light from a full moon. Moonstone from Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka), the classical world’s source of moonstone, shimmers pale blue on an almost transparent background. Specimens from India show cloudlike plays of light and shades of beige, brown, green, or orange; or as well in blue and peach, smoke and champagne, or in black and reddish. Ceylon is especially famous for its "blue flash" moonstone, translucent white with brilliant flashes of a metallic shimmering bright blue, and for its cat’s-eye and “star” moonstone.
Moonstone was also once known as "adularia," a name taken from the town of Mt. Adularia, in the Adula Mountains of Switzerland, one of the ancient world’s first moonstone sources. This is also the origin of the word "adularescence," which describes the shimmering play of light that moves across the surface of a moonstone when it is turned. Another name used in the ancient past for moonstone was “selenite”, derived from the Greek name for the moon, “selene”. In fact, in ancient Greece moonstone was called “aphroselene”, in honor of Aphrodite, Goddess of Love, and Selene, Goddess of the Moon.
Moonstone has been known to man for thousands of years. It was first found and worn as ornamental jewelry in Ceylon and India, and was exported and distributed throughout the ancient Mediterranean world. Since the most ancient of times, moonstone has been associated with the moon goddesses of various ancient cultures, including the goddesses Isis (Egyptian), Diana (Roman) and Aphrodite and Selene (Greek). The ancient Greeks and Romans believed that moonstones were actually formed out of moonlight. Amulets of moonstone were frequently hung in fruit trees to ensure fruitful and abundant crops.
Moonstone was also used in ancient times to cure insomnia; and due to its association with water, moonstone was worn as a protective amulet by mariners, fishermen, and naval personnel at sea. Ancient populations also thought moonstone provided protection against wandering of the mind, insanity (“lunacy”) and epilepsy; and was attributed with improving physical strength and reconciling lovers. If held in the mouth, a moonstone was even thought to help one make the right decision, and was used by mystics who believed that placing a moonstone in their mouth during a full moon enabled them to foretell the future, and would also reveal hidden or secret enemies.
Because of the symbolic connection of moon's journey through the night’s sky, moonstone was also worn in the ancient world as a protective talisman by those who had to travel at night. Once known as the "traveler's stone," it was used for protection against all the perils of travel, but it was believed particularly effective against the perils that travel at night brought. It was also worn by children to protect them against nightmares, and also worn as a protective talisman by nursing mothers, its protection conferred upon both infant and mother.
Moonstone was also believed in the ancient world to arouse passion and magnetism among lovers and it was a very popular gift between couples. In ancient China moonstone was believed to balance the yin yang, or in contemporary terms, balance the positive and negative energies in a person, leading them toward a more peaceful and fruitful life. In Tibetan traditional medicine, moonstone was used as a cure for epilepsy and mental illness, and in ancient Christianity moonstone was linked to the archangel Gabriel.
According to the Hindu legends of ancient India, moonstone was formed from moonbeams. Moonstone from Ceylon and India found its way to ancient Greece, Rome, and Egypt was used in jewelry by the Romans who believed that the stone was formed from frozen moonlight. Pliny the Elder (23-79 A.D.), Roman historian, naturalist and author of the world's first encyclopedia, referred to stones called astrions; meaning "star-stones" (also called “asteria” or “orastriotes”). He described them as having come from India, "a colorless stone having within it the appearance of a star shining brightly like the full moon."
The bright white spot that appears to move as a moonstone is rotated was believed by the ancients to be a reflection of the moon that waxed and waned in harmony with lunar movement. According to Pliny, when moonstone was held up to the stars, the stones collected and reflected their glitter. Pliny actually chronicled an account of a Sri Lankan embassy bearing moonstones to Rome during the reign of Emperor Claudius Caesar (10 - 54 B.C.).
In Ceylon, where moonstone was (and still is) mined, it was believed that that since moonstones deliver a brightness comparable to moonlight, wearers of the stone would experience a magical brightness in their lives. Moonstones were believed to counteract any evil effects the moon might have had on the wearer’s life. According to Sri Lankan tradition, the Moonstone Temple in Anuradhapura, ancient capital of Sinhalese kings of Ceylon that flourished for 1,300 years; abandoned after the Tamil Chola kings of southern India invaded in 993 A.D., had moonstone steps faced with mosaics of moonstone. The ruins of this temple, built about 100 B.C., can still be seen today; but the moonstones are no longer there, undoubtedly looted in one of the many invasions suffered by Cetlon throughout the centuries.
As in the ancient past, medieval cultures used moonstone during the waxing of the moon for love charms (it was believed that between two lovers, or spouses, love grew as the moon grew), and during the waning of the moon to foretell the future. During the Italian Renaissance a court physician, Camillus Leonardus, author of “Speculum Lapidum” ("Mirror of Stones"), wrote in 1502 A.D. that moonstone enabled a person to foretell future events. George Frederick Kunz, in his famous book “The Curious Lore of Precious Stones” written in 1913, tells the story of a famous moonstone that allegedly displayed a white point that changed shape and size in accordance with the waxing and waning of the moon.
Very popular in the early twentieth century, moonstone was used extensively in Art Nouveau jewelry (1890-1915), and experienced another great wave of popularity in the 1960's. Moonstone was also used to decorate a striking amount of pieces of jewelry created by the famous French master-goldsmith René Lalique and his contemporaries. Today moonstone is still worn for its mystical and magical qualities.
For many East (Asian) Indians moonstone is still regarded as being holy and religious in nature, and is used as a talisman to protect against evil and ill happenings. Indians believe that a spirit resides within moonstone, and brings good fortune to its wearer. Moonstone is displayed only on a yellow cloth, yellow being considered a most holy color. East Indian tradition holds that moonstone is a symbol of the Third Eye and clarifies spiritual understanding. It is believed to bring wonderful dreams to the one that possesses it.
In fact beyond India, throughout all of Asia, moonstone is considered to be a very lucky stone, of immense value when gambling. It is widely believed in Asia that the best, bluish toned moonstone is washed ashore by tidal waters only once in every twenty-one years, during a special convergence of the moon and sun. Moonstone’s magic is regarded as particularly potent in connection with fertility and femininity. In India, women wear moonstone amulets to enhance fertility and to provide protection during pregnancy. In Arab countries women often sew moonstone into their garments (where it is unseen), because it's considered a potent aid to fertility.
Contemporary practitioners of alternative medicine believe moonstone to be an effective remedy for many gynecological complications relating to obesity, pituitary gland, hormonal misbalance or menstrual problems, and employ it to relieve the discomfort of cramps, PMS and the birthing process. Moonstone's healing properties are also said to promote digestion, to protect against epilepsy, to calm emotions, cure headaches and nose bleeds, and protect against sun stroke. A moonstone is also believed to assist in regenerating the tissues and organs of the reproductive system, and to increase the wearer’s tolerance level and help to absorb pain and illness.
Moonstone is also believed to help “unblock” the lymphatic system, helping to head and balance the stomach, pancreas, and pituitary gland. It is also believed to help reduce swelling and excess body fluid. It is also regarded as beneficial in alleviating many degenerative conditions with respect to the skin, hair, eyes and fleshy organs of the body such as the liver and pancreas. It is also believed to enhance the assimilation of nutrients to assist in the elimination of toxins and to treat disorders of the digestive and elimination systems.
Metaphysically, according to Ayurvedic medicine, moonstone calms fear and anxiety, and changes these emotions into peaceful understanding and self-confidence enabling the wearer to face situations without becoming emotionally overwrought. It is also believed to cleanse the wearer’s soul, flooding the wearer with positive energy. Like the rainbow it is believed to harmonize such human qualities as endurance and compassion to make the character emotionally balanced, enhancing the wearer’s self-confidence and creativity.
One of the most acknowledged fertility crystals, moonstones are believed to play a special role in the lives of the women. A traditional symbol of the moon goddess, it imbibes all the gentle attributes of a caring and sharing mother and it is believed that wearing moonstone helps to enhance these feminine qualities. Moonstone is associated with women's monthly cycles and is believed to be particularly beneficial for post-menopause women. As in the ancient past, moonstone is still believed to protect the women during pregnancy and child birth, and I also regarded as helpful in the process of spiritual rebirth. Moonstone is also regarded as helpful in enhancing feminine energy and intuitive abilities.
Moonstone is also associated with the strengthening of mental faculties and maintaining emotional balance. It is believed to maintain the tranquility of the wearer’s inner self and to enhance self control. For the calculative men of the world, moonstones can help the wearer strike a balance between their heart and the brain, aiding emotional expressions and enhancing creativity. Wearing a moonstone is also believed to enable men to develop intuitive visions.
Moonstone has always been revered as a stone for rendering clairvoyance and it has also been regarded as a great love booster. Lovers who possess a moonstone are said to be able to foretell their future life together. One legend is that two people wearing moonstone will fall passionately in love when the moon is high. A symbol of fertility, moonstone has been recommended (as it was in the ancient past) for those associated with the planting and cultivation of food crops. Moonstone is also believed to aid the wearer in recalling past life spiritual experiences. A moonstone under the pillow while sleeping is believed to put one in touch with one’s spiritual teachers, sometimes resulting in one’s awakening tired, as the night was spent “learning”.
Many mystics and magic practitioners believe that the power of moonstone changes with the moon's phases and that broadly speaking, it should be used for physical matters during a waxing moon and psychic matters under a waning moon. They believe the stone a powerful aid to enhancing the wearer’s intuition, enabling the development of telepathy, clairvoyance, and other psychic skills. It is also believed by many mystics what common white moonstone can cause delusions (“lunacy”), but wearing blue moonstone transforms the delusions into revelations and visions and spiritual insights.
Keeping moonstone under one’s tongue is also said to enable one to keep focused on their goals, clear away confusion and distractions, enable one to find the truth in complicated situations (especially if emotions are running high), and to enable the wearer to discern what is really important and focus energy on those issues. Moonstone is also believed beneficial in dieting, gardening, and meditation. It is also said to promote the wearer’s intuitive and empathic nature, and to encourage lucid dreaming, especially at the time of the full moon [AncientGifts].
SHIPPING & RETURNS/REFUNDS: We always ship books domestically (within the USA) via USPS INSURED media mail (“book rate”). Most international orders cost an additional $19.99 to $53.99 for an insured shipment in a heavily padded mailer. There is also a discount program which can cut postage costs by 50% to 75% if you’re buying about half-a-dozen books or more (5 kilos+). Our postage charges are as reasonable as USPS rates allow. ADDITIONAL PURCHASES do receive a VERY LARGE discount, typically about $5 per book (for each additional book after the first) so as to reward you for the economies of combined shipping/insurance costs.
Your purchase will ordinarily be shipped within 48 hours of payment. We package as well as anyone in the business, with lots of protective padding and containers. All of our shipments are fully insured against loss, and our shipping rates include the cost of this coverage (through stamps.com, Shipsaver.com, the USPS, UPS, or Fed-Ex). International tracking is provided free by the USPS for certain countries, other countries are at additional cost.
We do offer U.S. Postal Service Priority Mail, Registered Mail, and Express Mail for both international and domestic shipments, as well United Parcel Service (UPS) and Federal Express (Fed-Ex). Please ask for a rate quotation. Please note for international purchasers we will do everything we can to minimize your liability for VAT and/or duties. But we cannot assume any responsibility or liability for whatever taxes or duties may be levied on your purchase by the country of your residence. If you don’t like the tax and duty schemes your government imposes, please complain to them. We have no ability to influence or moderate your country’s tax/duty schemes.
If upon receipt of the item you are disappointed for any reason whatever, I offer a no questions asked 30-day return policy. Send it back, I will give you a complete refund of the purchase price; 1) less our original shipping/insurance costs, 2) less any non-refundable fees imposed by eBay Please note that though they generally do, eBay may not always refund payment processing fees on returns beyond a 30-day purchase window. So except for shipping costs and any payment processing fees not refunded by eBay, we will refund all proceeds from the sale of a return item. Obviously we have no ability to influence, modify or waive eBay policies.
ABOUT US: Prior to our retirement we used to travel to Eastern Europe and Central Asia several times a year seeking antique gemstones and jewelry from the globe’s most prolific gemstone producing and cutting centers. Most of the items we offer came from acquisitions we made in Eastern Europe, India, and from the Levant (Eastern Mediterranean/Near East) during these years from various institutions and dealers. Much of what we generate on Etsy, Amazon and Ebay goes to support worthy institutions in Europe and Asia connected with Anthropology and Archaeology. Though we have a collection of ancient coins numbering in the tens of thousands, our primary interests are ancient/antique jewelry and gemstones, a reflection of our academic backgrounds.
Though perhaps difficult to find in the USA, in Eastern Europe and Central Asia antique gemstones are commonly dismounted from old, broken settings – the gold reused – the gemstones recut and reset. Before these gorgeous antique gemstones are recut, we try to acquire the best of them in their original, antique, hand-finished state – most of them originally crafted a century or more ago. We believe that the work created by these long-gone master artisans is worth protecting and preserving rather than destroying this heritage of antique gemstones by recutting the original work out of existence. That by preserving their work, in a sense, we are preserving their lives and the legacy they left for modern times. Far better to appreciate their craft than to destroy it with modern cutting.
Not everyone agrees – fully 95% or more of the antique gemstones which come into these marketplaces are recut, and the heritage of the past lost. But if you agree with us that the past is worth protecting, and that past lives and the produce of those lives still matters today, consider buying an antique, hand cut, natural gemstone rather than one of the mass-produced machine cut (often synthetic or “lab produced”) gemstones which dominate the market today. We can set most any antique gemstone you purchase from us in your choice of styles and metals ranging from rings to pendants to earrings and bracelets; in sterling silver, 14kt solid gold, and 14kt gold fill. When you purchase from us, you can count on quick shipping and careful, secure packaging. We would be happy to provide you with a certificate/guarantee of authenticity for any item you purchase from us. There is a $3 fee for mailing under separate cover. I will always respond to every inquiry whether via email or eBay message, so please feel free to write.