For Sale:
A fabulous framed and glazed Reproduction Battle Plan of Culloden.
Large size, beautifully presented map - ready to hang.
Interesting, educational and emotive....
Reproduced from the Scottish National Archives.
Dimensions- 35” x 28.5” overall
28” x 21” map only (approx)
John Finlayson’s Plan of the battle of Culloden, 1746 (EMS.s.156)
This Map is a plan of the Culloden battlefield, probably created in 1746 by John Finlayson. Finlayson was a Jacobite sympathiser who fought in Charles Edward Stewart’s army.
Whilst the mapping of the battle appears to be a true representation of what actually took place, the inset text is filled with observations as to why the Jacobites, in his view, were defeated; from lack of food and sleep, to being greatly outnumbered. Additionally, symbolism on the map again highlights his Jacobite allegiance – the thistle is broken in two, and the tip of the unicorn’s horn is missing. Time has taken its toll on the plan, with the top left corner torn away. A complete version is held by the National Archives in London.
The Jacobite Rising
At the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th centuries there were a series of risings by Jacobites, supportive of the deposed King James II and VII, and his heirs. In 1745 Charles Edward Stuart, descendent of James, made his way to Scotland, with a consignment of muskets and broadswords, and the intent to raise an army in an effort to reclaim the throne for the Stuart dynasty. Charles landed at Eriskay on 23rd July and two months later his ever-growing band of supporters entered Edinburgh unopposed (although they never captured Edinburgh Castle).
The first of three major battles between the Jacobites and Hanoverian government forces took place at Prestonpans, with the latter routed around the walls of the magnificent Preston House. The Jacobite forces then took to the road, heading south for London. They ventured as far south as Derby, but with the throne almost within touching distance the decision was made, in the face of growing military opposition between them and their goal, to head back north. The movements of the Jacobites can be seen in another of Finlayson’s maps, drawn whilst he was in prison. After a series of skirmishes and sieges, the two armies met once again, in January 1746, at Falkirk. Once again the Jacobites triumphed.
But the Jacobite army was tired, hungry and vastly outnumbered. By mid-April they were ensconced around Culloden Moor and on the morning of the 16th the two armies met in what was to prove the final, and decisive, battle. The Jacobites took the full force of the government’s artillery before eventually charging. After being slowed by boggy ground they eventually reached the government line, only to be met by grapeshot, a deadly mass of packed metal balls that would spread outwards upon firing with the intent of killing and maiming multiple opponents.
The battle continued, but all was lost for the Jacobites and they began to retreat. Given no quarter by the leader of the government forces, the Duke of Cumberland, many were put to death in the days after the battle, whilst others were taken south, to be tried for treason.
At the battle of Culloden, the Hanoverian army led by the Duke of Cumberland, son of King George II, defeated the much smaller army of Lord John Murray and Prince Charles Edward Stuart. It was the last of the Jacobite rebellions. Jacobite swords and daggers were no contest for Hanoverian cannon and guns. Charles Edward Stuart chose not to re-group his forces and fled abroad. Cumberland was determined to finally dismiss the Jacobite threat. Anyone suspected of Jacobite sympathies was punished and laws were made to crush the power of the clans. (MPF 1/1).
MAP EXPLANATION
A. A: The Position of the English Army when the Battle began.
B. B: The Highland army when the Battle began
C. C: The Highland Army as they made the attack
C. C: only some breakings in the Line occasion’d by the marshy Ground.
D. D: The Dragoons of the Dukes army formed on [the] Rear of the right Flank of the Highlanders where they marched during the attack thro’ some Breaches made in the Stone Walls by the Campbells.
Lord Lewis Gordons & Ogilvie’s form’d to oppose
E.E: the Dragoons which favour’d [the] Retreat of the Right Wing when broke
F: A Cannon not brought into the Field in time of Action which play’d on Kingstons Horse & favour’d the Retreat of the Left Wing
A PLAN of the BATTLE of Culloden and the Adjacent [nearby] COUNTRY
Shewing the Incampment of the ENGLISH ARMY at NAIRN, and the March of the Highlanders in Order to Attack Them by Night.
Observations
The Highlanders had been without pay, and scarce of provisions [food supplies] for some weeks.
They were obliged to fight after a fatiguing march, without any refreshment: having had no sleep and but little food the two days and nights immediately preceeding: and wanting numbers of their men, who were dispers’d in the adjacent [nearby] villages on these accounts.
It was but a small number of them that were present. I did actually engage the others being intimidated [frightened] on seeing those who made such a desperate attack, obliged to give way.
References to the ENGLISH ARMY
First Line commanded by Ld. Albemarle and Br. Sempel
Pultney.
Royal.
Cholmondeley.
Price.
S. Fuziliers
Monro.
Barrel.
Second Line commanded by [Major General] Huske.
Howard.
Heming.
Bligh.
Sempel.
Ligonier.
Wolfe.
Third Line commanded by Br. Mordaunt.
Battereau
Blackney.
Horse commanded by Lieutenant General Hawley, and Major General Bland.
q. Squadron. Cobham’s Dragoons
r. Kingstons Horse.
s. Lord Mark Kers and Cobhams Dragoons
t. Guard of the Baggage.
u. Campbells
HIGHLAND ARMY
First Line commanded by Lord General Murray, Lord John Drummond, and the Duke of Perth.
Athol Men.
Camerons.
Stewarts of Apin
Stewarts under John Roy
Frasers.
McIntoshes
Farquharsons
McLeans
McLeods
10. Chisholm’s.
11. Clanronald.
12. Keppoch.
13. Glen Garry.
14. Duke of Perth’s.
Second Line commanded by Br. Stapleton.
15. The Highland Horse.
16. Benerman of Glsick.
17. Glenbuket.
18. French Royal Scots.
19. Kilmarnock.
20. Irish Piquets.
21. Lord Lewis Gordons
22. Fitz James’s Horse.
23. The [Prince]
24. Lord. Ogilvies Reserve.
By a return of the Officers and Men, the day of Battle, the 15 Battalions were just 6411: which with the Dragoons, Kingston’s Horse, Artillery, Lord Louden’s, and the Argyleshire Highlanders, made the Duke’s army always reckoned, about 10000 Men.
The Highlanders that Day in the Field, by their own Muster Rolls would not have exceeded 6000, had the different Corps been compleat.
Hand written text: January the 18th 1753 Seiz’d upon John Findlayson
By Mr. N.Carrington
Framed and Glazed (therefore for delivery by hand or collection in person).
Within the immediate Glasgow area I can deliver this free....Can be couriered within mainland UK (accessible locations!) via quotation. Depending on your location and postcode, this will be anything between £30 - £80... Please ask for quote....