The Civil War
And Reconstruction
In Alabama
 By Walter L. Fleming
Published 1905
815 pages, Illustrated, Indexed, Searchable


- Bonus Book -
The Influence of Reconstruction
On Education In the South
By Edgar Wallace Knight
Published 1913
100 pages, indexed, searchable

-    Bonus Book -
Blockaded Family
Life in Southern Alabama
During the Civil War
By Parthenia Hague
Published 1888, 
195 pages

 
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According to the Presidential plan of
reorganization, a provisional governor for Alabama was appointed in June 1865.
A state convention met in September of the same year, and declared the
ordinance of secession null and void and slavery abolished. A legislature and a
governor were elected in November, and the legislature was at once recognized
by President Andrew Johnson, but not by Congress, which refused to seat the delegation.
Johnson ordered the Army to allow the inauguration of the governor after the
legislature ratified the thirteenth amendment in December, 1865. But the
legislature's passage of Black Codes to control the freedmen who were flocking
from the plantations to the towns, and its rejection of the Fourteenth
Amendment, intensified Congressional hostility to the Presidential plan.


In 1867, the congressional plan of
Reconstruction was completed and Alabama was placed under military government.
The freedmen were enrolled as voters. Numerous white citizens were temporarily
disfranchised, as the government suspected the loyalty of former Confederates.
The new Republican party, made up of freedmen, Union sympathizers (scalawags),
and northerners who had settled in the South (disparagingly called
carpetbaggers) took control two years after the war ended. They called a
constitutional convention in November 1867, and framed a constitution which
conferred universal manhood suffrage. Whites who had fought for the Confederacy
were disfranchised for a temporary period. The Reconstruction Acts of Congress
required every new constitution to be ratified by a majority of the legal
voters of the state. The whites of Alabama largely stayed away from the polls.
After five days of voting, the constitution needed 13,550 to secure a majority.
Congress then enacted that a majority of the votes cast should be sufficient.
Thus the constitution went into effect, the state was readmitted to the Union
in June 1868, and a new governor and legislature were elected.


“PREFACE 
This work was begun some five years ago as a study of Reconstruction
in Alabama. As the field opened it seemed to me that an account of ante-bellum
conditions, social, economic, and political, and of the effect of the Civil War
upon ante-bellum institutions would be indispensable to any just and
comprehensive treatment of the later period. Consequently I have endeavored to
describe briefly the society and the institutions that went down during Civil War
and Reconstruction.
“ Internal conditions in Alabama during the war period are
discussed at length ; they are important, because they influenced seriously the
course of Reconstruction. Throughout the work I have sought to emphasize the
social and economic  problems in the
general situation, and accordingly in addition to a sketch of the politics I
have dwelt at some length upon the educational, religious, and industrial
aspects of the period. One point in particular has been stressed throughout the
whole work, viz.  The fact of the
segregation of the races within the state — the blacks mainly in the central
counties, and the whites in the northern and the southern counties. 
“This division of the state into  “white" counties and "black"
counties has almost from the beginning exercised the strongest influence upon
the history of its people. The problems of white and black in the Black Belt
are not always the problems of the whites and blacks of the white counties. It
is hoped that the maps inserted in the text will assist in making clear this
point. Perhaps it may be thought that undue space is devoted to the history of
the negro during War and Reconstruction, but after all the negro, whether
passive or active, was the central figure of the period.”



 

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