The dress of the Romans was at first very plain; consisting of the toga and tunic for both sexes. These remained tile costume of the men, but the increase of luxury made many additions to the attire of the females. The toga was a wide gown, or mantle, of an almost circular form, without sleeves. It covered the left arm, but permitted the right to be free. It was usually of wool, but the color and ornaments varied according to the circumstances of the wearer. Other and peculiar dresses were the following: the lana, larerna, and poenulla, mantles used in winter, or in traveling; the sagum, or sack, a short thick cape, worn in war; the paludamentum, a Grecian purple cloak, worn by the commander-in-chief; the trabia, a species of toga worn by the knights and augurs. The tunic was worn under the toga. It was usually white, sometimes colored, without sleeves, and of wool.   It was fastened with a girdle (eingulum), and reached below the knees. It constituted the only clothing of the poor, and it served, without the toga, as a suitable apparel in the house of the wealthy. The tunic of the senators (fig 6-7 on this engraving) was marked upon the breast by a broad purple stripe, that of the knights by a narrow one (clavus). Except in journeying, or during bad weather, all the Romans went bareheaded. The feet were covered in the house by leather sandals (solea, crepida), in walking or traveling by shoes, more or less high (calceus). The hair and beard were allowed to grow prior to the introduction of Greek fashions, when the beard was shaved, and the hair cut, anointed, and curled. Distinguished and wealthy Roman women usually wore, besides the undergarment (indusium), a costly dress (stola), and over this a sort of cape (palla). They also adorned their persons with rings, necklaces, ear-drops, head-dresser, ribbons, etc.  Fig. 13-15 show Roman matrons; fig. 16, a Roman maiden; figs.  17-29, head-drerses of Roman matrons and maidens; figs. 30-32 head-dresses of men. The dresses of the emperor and empress did not vary essentially from those of the nobility. Fig. 1 shows a Roman emperor without his arms ; fig. 2 the same in his war-cloak; fig. 3, the emperor arrayed for the sacrifices.