The keffiyeh or kufiya (Arabic: kufiyyah, meaning "from the city of Kufa" ; plural kufiyyat), also known as a sudra, ghutrah, shemagh, hattah, mashadah, chafiye (Persian: dastmal yazdi or cemedanî (Kurdish?), is a traditional Middle Eastern headdress fashioned from a square scarf, usually made of cotton. It is typically worn in some Arab countries, as well as by some Mizrahi Jews and Iranic nomads (especially Kurdish people). Sometimes pronounced as shamay or schmog.
It is commonly found in arid regions as it provides protection from sunburn, dust and sand. Its distinctive standard woven checkerboard pattern may have originated in an ancient Mesopotamian representation of either fishing nets or ears of grain, but the true origin of the pattern remains unknown.
Toward the end of the 1980s, the keffiyeh became a fashion accessory in the United States and, during the 2000s, it became very popular among teenagers in Tokyo, Japan, where it is often worn with camouflage-style clothing. The scarf was also worn by military contractors, US soldiers and tactical operators in the Middle East and in warm climates.
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