Absorbent
PAA is widely used in dispersants and since the molecular weight has a significant impact on the rheological properties and dispersion capacity, and hence applications. The dominant application for PAA is as a superabsorbent. About 25% of PAA is used for detergents and dispersants.
Polyacrylic acid and its derivatives are used in disposable diapers. Acrylic acid is also the main component of Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs), cross-linked polyacrylates that can absorb and retain more than 100 times of their own weight in liquid. The US Food and Drug Administration authorized the use of SAPs in packaging with indirect food contact.
Cleaning
Detergents often contain copolymers of acrylic acid that assist in sequestering dirt. Cross-linked polyacrylic acid has also been used in the processing of household products, including floor cleaners. PAA may inactivate the antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate.
Biocompatible materials
The neutralized polyacrylic acid gels are suitable biocompatible matrices for medical applications such as gels for skin care products. PAA films can be deposited on orthopaedic implants to protect them from corrosion. Crosslinked hydrogels of PAA and gelatin have also been used as medical glue.
Paints and cosmetics
Other applications involve paints and cosmetics. They stabilize suspended solid in liquids, prevent emulsions from separating, and control the consistency in flow of cosmetics. Carbomer codes (910, 934, 940, 941, and 934P) are an indication of molecular weight and the specific components of the polymer. For many applications PAAs are used in form of alkali metal or ammonium salts, e.g. sodium polyacrylate.
Emerging applications
Hydrogels derived from PAA have attracted much study for use as bandages and aids for wound healing.