Publisher Description

Most students of history assume that the age of the "warlord popes" ended with the Renaissance, but, long after the victory of Catholic powers at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, the Papacy continued to entangle itself in martial affairs. The Vatican participated in six major military campaigns between 1796 and 1870, flew the papal flag over a warship as late as 1878, and during the Second World War mobilized more than 2,000 of its own troops to defend the Pope. David Alvarez now opens up this little-known aspect of the Papacy in the first general history of the papal armed forces. His is the first book in English to provide a comprehensive chronicle of the modern Vatican's military and security forces from 1796, when the armies of revolutionary France invaded the Papal States, through the wars for unification, to the present-day deployment of modern weapons, technology, and skills to protect the Holy Father and the Vatican from terrorists and assassins. Most papal histories make little reference to military affairs, while the few that address them do so only in passing or focus narrowly on particular units or campaigns. Alvarez's history expands our understanding of the Papacy's military through the exceptional research he has done as the first American scholar to gain access to the archive of the Pontifical Swiss Guard and the modern military records in the Vatican Secret Archive. He is also the first historian of any nationality to use the records of the Vatican Gendarmeria. Alvarez chronicles the exploits of the Vatican's military leaders and soldiers in their campaigns and battles, focusing on how those units under the Pope's authority--including the Vatican navy--engaged in actual military operations. He also deals extensively with the Vatican Gendarmeria as well as the Pope's Noble Guards, Palatine Guards, and Swiss Guards, describing their distinctive responsibilities and revealing the competition and internal tensions that sometimes undermined the morale, preparedness, and cohesion of the Pope's guards. Filled with information that will surprise scholars of the Papacy and military historians alike, Alvarez's highly original work illuminates a shadowy corner of Vatican history and will fascinate all readers interested in the role of the church in the broader world.

Table of Contents

Preface 1. The Worst Army in Europe 2. A Cause Worth Fighting For 3. A War Too Soon 4. Red Shirts and Brigands 5. The Last Stand of the Papal Army 6. An Army without a State 7. Armed Neutrality 8. Guardian Angels Notes Bibliography Index

Review

"An extraordinary and unparalleled work that tells a fascinating story of considerable importance for understanding the history of the Papacy and modern Italy."--Brian R. Sullivan, coauthor of Il Duce's Other Woman: The Untold Story of Margherita Sarfatti, Benito Mussolini's Jewish Mistress, and How She Helped Him Come to Power"A readable account that makes a new and important contribution to our understanding of Vatican history and affairs."--Frank Coppa, author of Politics and the Papacy in the Modern World"Written with admirable detachment, lucidity, and learning."--D. S. Chambers, author of Popes, Cardinals, and War: The Military Church in Renaissance and Early Modern Europe
"This is a surprisingly engaging study. Alvarez sets the reform of the papal armed forces within the framework of contemporary events, takes into account the evolution of military technology and organization, gives us excellent profiles of a great many clergymen, bureaucrats, soldiers, diplomats, and others, and writes some very good battle pieces as he discusses the service of papal troops in the field. An excellent read for anyone interested in the papacy, military reform, and the Risorgimento, or just good military history"--NYMAS Review"A fascinating study. . . . Offers grist for critical thought on the role of religion in diplomacy and public affairs, the place of the pope in addressing international issues, and some limited examination of the culture of closed systems."--Parameters"Many parts of this fine book read like an adventure novel. . . . Overall, the book will stand up as a beacon ofthe final and enthralling finale of the Papal States."--The Catholic Historical ReviewAlvarez provides a fascinating and well-researched history of the Vatican's military forces in the post-medieval period. . . . Goes beyond previous volumes. . . . I highly recommend this book to any scholar or officer interested in military, Italian, or Roman Catholic history."--Military Review"A much-needed military history of the papacy in the post-Renaissance era. . . . Besides examining the papal military, Alvarez illuminates much about the military role of small powers and microstates, Italian unification, neutrality issues in WW II, and modern security problems involving high-profile personages. Highly recommended."--Choice"Alvarez's fine history merits a place in all academic libraries next to Robert Royal's fine history of theSwiss Guard."--Catholic Library World"In rescuing the pontifical forces from the near oblivion to which many historians of nineteenth-century Italy consign them, Alvarez has produced a volume which I wholeheartedly commend to such authors, and to anyone with more than a passing interest in the story of the papacy."--The Tablet

Review Quote

"This is a surprisingly engaging study. Alvarez sets the reform of the papal armed forces within the framework of contemporary events, takes into account the evolution of military technology and organization, gives us excellent profiles of a great many clergymen, bureaucrats, soldiers, diplomats, and others, and writes some very good battle pieces as he discusses the service of papal troops in the field. An excellent read for anyone interested in the papacy, military reform, and the Risorgimento, or just good military history"NYMAS Review "A fascinating study. . . . Offers grist for critical thought on the role of religion in diplomacy and public affairs, the place of the pope in addressing international issues, and some limited examination of the culture of closed systems."Parameters "Many parts of this fine book read like an adventure novel. . . . Overall, the book will stand up as a beacon of the final and enthralling finale of the Papal States."The Catholic Historical Review Alvarez provides a fascinating and well-researched history of the Vaticans military forces in the post-medieval period. . . . Goes beyond previous volumes. . . . I highly recommend this book to any scholar or officer interested in military, Italian, or Roman Catholic history."Military Review "A much-needed military history of the papacy in the post-Renaissance era. . . . Besides examining the papal military, Alvarez illuminates much about the military role of small powers and microstates, Italian unification, neutrality issues in WW II, and modern security problems involving high-profile personages. Highly recommended."Choice "Alvarezs fine history merits a place in all academic libraries next to Robert Royals fine history of the Swiss Guard."Catholic Library World "In rescuing the pontifical forces from the near oblivion to which many historians of nineteenth-century Italy consign them, Alvarez has produced a volume which I wholeheartedly commend to such authors, and to anyone with more than a passing interest in the story of the papacy."The Tablet

New Feature

Preface 1. The Worst Army in Europe 2. A Cause Worth Fighting For 3. A War Too Soon 4. Red Shirts and Brigands 5. The Last Stand of the Papal Army 6. An Army without a State 7. Armed Neutrality 8. Guardian Angels Notes Bibliography Index

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