Publisher Description

In the last decades of the 17th century, the feast of Christmas in Lutheran Germany underwent a major transformation when theologians and local governments waged an early modern "war on Christmas," discouraging riotous pageants and carnivalesque rituals in favor of more personal and internalized expressions of piety. Christmas rituals, such as the "Heilig Christ" plays and the rocking of the child (Kindelwiegen) were abolished, and Christian devotion
focused increasingly on the metaphor of a birth of Christ in the human heart. John Sebastian Bach's Christmas Oratorio, composed in 1734, both reflects this new piety and conveys the composer's experience living
through this tumult during his own childhood and early career. Markus Rathey's book is the first thorough study of this popular masterpiece in English. While giving a comprehensive overview of the Christmas Oratorio as a whole, the book focuses on two themes in particular: the cultural and theological understanding of Christmas in Bach's time and the compositional process that led Bach from the earliest concepts to the completed piece. The cultural and religious
context of the oratorio provides the backdrop for Rathey's detailed analysis of the composition, in which he explores Bach's compositional practices, for example, his reuse and parodies of movements that had
originally been composed for secular cantatas. The book analyzes Bach's original score and sheds new light on the way Bach wrote the piece, how he shaped musical themes, and how he revised his initial ideas into the final composition.

Author Biography

Markus Rathey is Professor of Music History at Yale University. His research focuses on music in the second half of the 17th century, Johann Sebastian Bach, and the Bach family. His books include a study on C.P.E. Bach's political compositions and an introduction to J.S. Bach's major vocal works. He is president of the American Bach Society and associate editor of the Yale Journal of Music and Religion.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements
A note on translations

1. Prologue
2. Redefining Christmas
3. Layers of Time - The Theology of the Christmas Oratorio
4. Bach's Oratorio Concept
5. Planning the Oratorio
6. Dichotomies (Part I)
7. Mundane and Celestial Harmonies (Part II)
8. Inward Mobility (Part III)
9. What's in a Name? (Part IV)
10. Paths of Enlightenment (Part V)
11. The Bridegroom and the Enemy (Part VI)
12. Looking ahead - An Epilogue

Bibliography
Index

Review

"A noted Bach scholar, Rathey (Yale) presents a masterful holistic study that includes both in-depth musical analyses and in-depth investigations of the environment in which the oratorio was created. Rathey carefully explains Bach's considerable use of the parody technique, in which he reworked music he had written for earlier cantatas. Offering a detailed study of many contemporaneous writings about the role of Christmas in the Lutheran theology and culture of
Bach's world, the book provides crucial understanding of Bach's musical and spiritual interpretations of the text. This important study is a must for students of music and will also be helpful for the
study of German theological and cultural history." --Choice

Long Description

In the last decades of the 17th century, the feast of Christmas in Lutheran Germany underwent a major transformation when theologians and local governments waged an early modern "war on Christmas," discouraging riotous pageants and carnivalesque rituals in favor of more personal and internalized expressions of piety. Christmas rituals, such as the "Heilig Christ" plays and the rocking of the child (Kindelwiegen) were abolished, and Christian devotion
focused increasingly on the metaphor of a birth of Christ in the human heart. John Sebastian Bach's Christmas Oratorio, composed in 1734, both reflects this new piety and conveys the composer's experience living
through this tumult during his own childhood and early career. Markus Rathey's book is the first thorough study of this popular masterpiece in English. While giving a comprehensive overview of the Christmas Oratorio as a whole, the book focuses on two themes in particular: the cultural and theological understanding of Christmas in Bach's time and the compositional process that led Bach from the earliest concepts to the completed piece. The cultural and religious
context of the oratorio provides the backdrop for Rathey's detailed analysis of the composition, in which he explores Bach's compositional practices, for example, his reuse and parodies of movements that had
originally been composed for secular cantatas. The book analyzes Bach's original score and sheds new light on the way Bach wrote the piece, how he shaped musical themes, and how he revised his initial ideas into the final composition.

Review Text

"A noted Bach scholar, Rathey (Yale) presents a masterful holistic study that includes both in-depth musical analyses and in-depth investigations of the environment in which the oratorio was created. Rathey carefully explains Bach's considerable use of the parody technique, in which he reworked music he had written for earlier cantatas. Offering a detailed study of many contemporaneous writings about the role of Christmas in the Lutheran theology and culture ofBach's world, the book provides crucial understanding of Bach's musical and spiritual interpretations of the text. This important study is a must for students of music and will also be helpful for thestudy of German theological and cultural history." --Choice

Review Quote

"A noted Bach scholar, Rathey (Yale) presents a masterful holistic study that includes both in-depth musical analyses and in-depth investigations of the environment in which the oratorio was created. Rathey carefully explains Bach's considerable use of the parody technique, in which he reworked music he had written for earlier cantatas. Offering a detailed study of many contemporaneous writings about the role of Christmas in the Lutheran theology and culture of Bach's world, the book provides crucial understanding of Bach's musical and spiritual interpretations of the text. This important study is a must for students of music and will also be helpful for the study of German theological and cultural history." --Choice

Feature

Selling point: First major study of the Christmas Oratorio in English
Selling point: Includes detailed analysis of manuscript sources
Selling point: Sheds new light on the compositional process and the genesis of the piece
Selling point: Places Bach's oratorio in the theological and cultural context of the early 18th century

Details