This listing is for one authentic ancient Indus Valley Terracotta Terracotta Zebu Bull Animal Figure circa 3000 BC - 2200 BC. Measures approximately 3.5 inches long by about 2.75 inches tall. These bull animal figures from the ancient Indus Valley region are astoundingly ancient at around 5000 years old. There is much speculation about the function of these objects amongst scholars. Some feel they were used as toys by children, while others believe they likely served some ceremonial purpose- possibly as part of household shrines. I feel the strongest case is that they had a religious or ceremonial significance given the practical and symbolic importance of bulls at that time in this ancient cultural region. They are almost always found with some damage, breaks or loss- which may imply they were ritually "killed" or broken. This example is  in original condition with only minor professional restoration on the upper parts of each horn and the bottom part of two of the feet. It has been expertly restored to blend with the rest of the figure. Original ancient painted stripes and other detailed features such as the distinctive hump are characteristics of the revered Zebu bull. 

I have a degree in Archaeology with both field and lab experience. I have handled and studied thousands of authentic artifacts over the years and have personally assessed this item and determined it to be authentic and ancient. 

Condition: Intact and in original condition with professional restoration of ancient loss at the upper parts of each horn and the bottom of two of the feet. Otherwise, chips, abrasions, weathering and wear expected for an authentic ancient example. Wear and loss of original pigment from thousands of years of burial. Sediment and mineral deposits on the surface attest to the significant age of this item. 

Provenance: Former USA private collection (provenance details will be provided to the winning bidder).

Keywords: Indus Valley Bull Zebu Cow Cattle Zoomorphic Figure Figurine Female Goddess Fertility Harrapan Harappa Harappian Mohenjo-Daro Mohenjo daro mohenjodaro Pakistan Baluchistan Balochistan Indo Chalcolithic