1911 INDIAN TRIBES OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY & GREAT LAKES, HELEN BLAIR

THE INDIAN TRIBES OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND THE REGION OF THE GREAT LAKES AS DESCRIBED BY NICOLAS PERROT FRENCH COMMANDANT IN THE NORTHWEST; BACQUEVILLE DE LA POTHERIE FRENCH ROYAL COMMISSIONER TO CANADA; MORRELL MARSTON AMERICAN ARMY OFFICER; AND THOMAS FORSYTH UNITED STATES AGENT AT FORT ARMSTRONG.

BY BLAIR EMMA HELEN. EDITOR.

Cleveland: The Arthur H. Clark Co., 1911 & Date: 1912., 1912. First edition. First editions. 2 Volumes. Red cloth, 372pp. + 412pp., 14 plates + double-page map as frontis in Volume 1. TEG. Translated, edited, annotated and with a 52-page bibliography and 54-page index by Emma Helen Blair. This is the first appearance in English of the accounts of Perrot and La Potherie. Perrot, the most noted of the Canadian "coureurs de bois", spent most of his life among the westernmost tribes of this region, and was considered by scholars to have been a keen and shrewd observer. The account presented here by La Potherie is primarily from the second volume of his "Historie..." and is believed to have drawn extensively on the as yet unpublished "Memoire..." of Perrot. Both represent life and observations among the Indians from 1670's to 1710's. These important narratives are followed by Major Marstons extensive report on the Sauk and Fox tribes prepared from personal observations for Dr. Jedidiah Morse in 1820. Also, published here for the first time is "Account of the Manners and Customs of the Sauk and Fox Nations", originally presented in 1827 to U.S. Superintendent of Indian Affairs, General William Clark by Thomas Forsyth, a highly-respected agent among the Sauk and Fox tribes. A well-edited, excellent work on the tribes of this region through the mid-1820's: Hurons, Iroquois, Ottawas, Miamis, Sauk and Foxes, Pawnee, Dakota, ...


THE INDIAN TRIBES OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND REGION OF THE GREAT LAKES
as described by Nicolas Perrot, French comman- dant in the Northwest; Bacqueville de la Poth- erie, French royal commissioner to Canada; Morrell Marston, American army officer; and Thomas Forsyth, United States agent at Fort Armstrong
Translated, edited, annotated, and with bibliography and index by
EMMA HELEN BLAIR With portraits, map, facsimiles and views
VOLUME I and VOLUME II
CLEVELAND, OHIO
THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY
1911

EMMA HELEN BLAIR

TO
FREDERICK JACKSON TURNER
who long has led the van of research in the history of the great Middle
West, and has done most to make known its importance in the development of the American nation,
this contribution to its early history is dedicated by one of his former students.

1911 FIRST EDITION

HARDCOVER

ILLUSTRATED

VOLUME 1 HAS 372 PAGES AND VOLUME II HAS 412 PAGES 

THESE BOOKS MEASURE 9 3/4" X 6 1/2" X 2"

THESE BOOKS ARE COMPLETE, CLEAN AND IN VERY GOOD + + TO NEAR FINE CONDITION... PLEASE SEE PICTURES



CONTENTS OF VOLUME I... 

PREFACE ....... 13
MEMOIR ON THE MANNERS, CUSTOMS, AND RELIGION OF THE SAVAGES OF NORTH AMERICA; BY NICHOLAS PERROT:
Preface to the original French edition . . . 25
I. Beliefs regarding the creation of the world. . . 31
II. Beliefs regarding the creation of man . . 37
III. Commencement of wars among the savages . . . 41
IV. First wars of the Irroquois . . . . 42
V. Superstition of the savage tribes . . . . 47
VI. Continuation of the superstitions of the savages . . .  59
VII. Marriage among the savages . . . 64
VIII. Of funerals and obsequies . . . . 78
IX. Belief regarding immortality . . . 89
X. Games and amusements of the savages . . . 93 
XI. Food and hunting of the savages . . . 102
XII. Moral traits of the savages . . . . 132
XIII. Continuation of the war between the Algonkins and
Irroquois ...... 146
XIV. Defeat and flight of the Hurons . . . 148
XV. Flight of the Hurons and Outaoiias . . . 157
XVI. War of the Algonkins against the Irroquois . . . 190
XVII. Murders committed against the Irroquois . . . 204
XVIII. Terror of Outaoiias at sight of the Irroquois . . . 210
XIX. Sedition stirred up by the Outaoiias . . . 214 
XX. Arrival of the Intendant Monsieur de Talon . . . 220
XXI. The Irroquois carry hostilities among the Andastes
and Chaoiianons ..... 226
XXII. War undertaken against the Irroquois . . . 232
XXIII. Campaign against the Irroquois . . . 243
XXIV. Huron treachery against the Outaoiia tribes . . . 252
XXV. Another piece of Huron treachery . . . 256
XXVI. Treachery of the Outaoiias toward the French .... 258
XXVII. Of the insolence and vainglory of the savages .... 263
XXVIII. Harangue for the Outaoiia Tribes . . 268 HISTORY OF THE SAVAGE PEOPLES WHO ARE ALLIES OF NEW
FRANCE; BY CLAUDE CHARLES LE ROY, SIEUR DE BACQUEVILLE DE LA POTHERIE .... 275

 

VOLUME 2...

THE INDIAN TRIBES OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND REGION OF THE GREAT LAKES
as described by Nicolas Perrot, French comman- dant in the Northwest; Bacqueville de la Potherie, French royal commissioner to Canada; Morrell Marston, American army officer; and Thomas Forsyth, United States agent at Fort Armstrong

Translated, edited, annotated, and with bibliography and index by

EMMA HELEN BLAIR With portraits, map, facsimiles, and views

VOLUME II

CLEVELAND, OHIO

THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY 1912


COPYRIGHT, 1911,

BY THE ARTHUR H. CLARK CO.



CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.

HISTORY OF THE SAVAGE PEOPLES WHO ARE ALLIES OF NEW FRANCE ; BY CLAUDE CHARLES LE ROY, SIEUR DE BACQUEVILLE DE LA POTHERIE (continued) ..... 13

MEMOIRS RELATING TO THE SAUK AND FOXES
Letter of Major Marston to Reverend Doctor Morse ..... 139

An account of the Manners and Customs of the Sauk and
Fox Nations of Indians Tradition; by Thomas Forsyth ..... 183

APPENDIX A - Biographical sketch of Nicolas Perrot ; condensed
from the notes of Father Tailhan .... 249

APPENDIX B - Notes on Indian social organization, mental and
moral traits, religious beliefs, etc. .... 257

APPENDIX C - Various letters, etc., describing the character and present condition of the Sioux, Potawatomi, and Winnebago tribes ....... 284

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 301

ADDENDA

Location of tribes ...... 355

Addition to annotations ..... 356

Additions to bibliography ..... 357

INDEX . . . . . . . .359




ILLUSTRATIONS TO VOLUME II

VIEW OF FORT ARMSTRONG .... Frontispiece

WAA-PA-LAA (Fox) . . . . . . 143

KEOKUCK (Sauk) . . . . . .159

SHAWNEE PROPHET ...... 275

PECHECHO (Potawattomi) ..... 289

O-CHEK-KA (Winnebago) ..... 295


PREFACE
Among the subjects of perennial interest, not only to historical students but to the general reading public, are the customs, character, and beliefs of the North Amer- ican Indians, and their relations with the white peoples who have possessed themselves of the vast territories once occupied by those aborigines. The present work is devoted to these subjects, its text presenting old French and American memoirs by writers who, having spent many years among the Indians, were most competent and reliable as authority on aboriginal life. The Memoire of Nicolas Perrot (written probably during 1680. 1718, but not published until 1864), and La Potherie's Histoire de I'Amerlque septentrionale (first published in 1716), have long been known to historical writers, and often cited by them; but these works are largely unknown to the reading public, as they long since passed out of print, and have never been published in English. Yet they are original sources of prime importance to students of Indian history and life; for Perrot, the most noted of the Canadian coureurs de bois, spent most of his life among the western tribes, and was a keen and shrewd observer- while it is his lost memoirs on Indian affairs which, as the best authorities surmise furnished material for most of La Potherie's second volume (the part of his Histoire which is used in the present work) .
Very appropriately are these narratives of the French domination over the Indians followed by two valuable
papers on the natives after they passed under the control of the United States; these were written a century later, by American officials who were perhaps equally con- versant with the Indian tribes of the Northwest Terri- tory. One of these was Major Morrell Marston, U.S.A., commanding at Fort Armstrong (located at the present Rock Island, 111.), who in 1820 sent a report on the Sauk and Fox tribes to Reverend Dr. Jedidiah Morse, a special agent sent in that year by President Monroe to investigate the conditions and needs of the Indian tribes in the United States. Dr. Morse's report of this mission (published in 1822) is a most valuable storehouse of in- formation on that subject; but it is known mainly to historical writers, and is almost buried under nearly a century's dust. For the present publication I have used the original autograph manuscript of Marston, which is now in the Manuscript Department of the Wisconsin State Historical Society. This statement applies equally to the document which follows Marston's, the "Account of the manners and customs of the Sauk and Fox nations" furnished (in 1827) to Gen. William Clark, then U.S. superintendent of Indian affairs, by Thomas Forsyth, government agent among those tribes - a man who was considered one of the ablest of the In- dian agents of his time, and was almost the counterpart of Perrot in his understanding of Indian character, influ- ence over the tribes, and shrewdness of judgment. This paper by him has never before been printed in any form. To these documents I have added certain appendices which, with the extensive annotations provided, supply desirable sidelights, especially on the real character of the American Indian  all drawn from the best author- ities, and presenting the subject in the light of actual observation and scientific method. By this treatment I
have endeavored to bring the work down to the present day, and render it a connected and homogeneous whole. Perrot's life among the Indian tribes began as early as 1665, little more than a half-century after the found- ing of Quebec ; and during nearly forty years he traveled and lived among the Indians -successively as engage to the Jesuit missionaries, coureur de bois and trader, explorer, and agent of the Quebec government. His narrative greatly illumines the history of the relations between the French colony and the Indian tribes within its sphere of influence, and still more the character and customs of the aboriginal peoples in their primitive con- dition; for he was the first white visitor to several of the western tribes, and even those of the east were not yet very greatly altered by contact with Europeans. He describes the creation myths and the religious ideas of the Algonquian peoples; their occupations, modes of hunting, and sports; their marriage and burial customs; their traits of character, both good and bad. He re- counts the wars between the Algonkins and Iroquois, and the expulsion of the Hurons from their ancient homes by the latter; the flight westward of the peoples defeated and ruined by the fierce Iroquois; the relations of the French with all the savage peoples ; and the ex- tension of French domination and possession toward the west. After relating various instances of treachery com- mitted by the Hurons, he dilates on the insolence and vainglory of the savages' nature, and the impossibility of relying on them for loyalty to France ; and closes by outlining the attitude and policy which the French ought to assume toward the western tribes. Father Tail- han, the first editor of Perrot, performed his task con amore, and was an excellent editor, even from the stand- point of our modern historical methods. He did not
alter or obscure the text, or even attempt to "modernize" it; he explained all his emendations, was careful and fair in statement, and sought not his own glory; and his por- trait of Perrot, as regards both character and abilities, is well drawn. His annotations were voluminous, unneces- sarily so at the present time, on account of the greater accessibility of the works on which he drew; and I have therefore condensed them as much as possible, in order to obtain space for later and more scientific informa- tion-retaining, however, all that is useful to the modern reader, as well as many of Tailhan's comments on In- dian character and the policy of the whites toward the dispossessed Indian tribes.
Perrot's lost writings evidently reappear in the next document here presented, the second volume of La Potherie's Histoire de I'Amerique septentrionale. This is occupied with the tribes west of Lake Huron, and contains much information that is nowhere else found, especially regarding the peoples along the upper Mis- sissippi; irdescribes with considerable detail their cus- toms, mode of life, and character; their early tribal history; and their relations with each other and with the French. This last feature is of especial value, as describing the nature and course of intertribal and inter- racial politics in that early period (over two centuries ago) when these great commonwealths of Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota were still an almost unbroken wilderness, inhabited only by savage and often nomadic tribes, and explored only by a few adventurous Frenchmen -such as Perrot, La Salle, and Joliet-and a few zealous and intrepid missionaries, like Dablon, Allouez, and Marquette. These white men found the tribes of that region in a highly primitive social state, at that time entirely unaffected, or but slight-
ly modified, by contact with European civilization ; and their observations, as recorded in Perrot, La Potherie, Charlevoix, and the Jesuit Relations, are invaluable as records of early aboriginal life, customs, and beliefs, and for the study of primitive society.
Of the same character are the relations of Marston and Forsyth at a later period, save that in their time all the Indian tribes had become more influenced by con- tact with the white people, and that their forced exodus to the west side of the Mississippi was well under way, before the steady pressure of white migration to the open, fertile regions of the Central West. Marston made diligent inquiries regarding the beliefs, customs, mode of life, occupations, etc., of the Sauk and Fox tribes; and he presents, besides these matters, sketches of their leading chiefs, enumeration of the clans within the tribes, etc. At the close of his letter, he criticizes the government factory system, and makes suggestions as to the best way of carrying on the Indian trade and im- proving the material and social condition of the Indians.
Equally interesting and valuable is Forsyth's account of the same tribes, written seven years later; to some extent he covers the same ground as does Marston, but he adds much new material. He describes the relations of the Sauk and Fox with other tribes, and with the whites ; their mode of warfare, and their military socie- ties; their customs and mode of life; their marriage and funeral ceremonies, and the naming and training of children; their physical traits, and their treatment of disease ; their ideas of the universe, religious beliefs, and mental traits; their amusements, hunting, etc. At the end of this memoir, Forsyth presents some observations on the language of those tribes, and a vocabulary of considerable length.
Following these documents are three appendices : (A) a biographical sketch of Nicolas Perrot, condensed from Tailhan's notes; (B) notes by leading ethnologists on Indian social organization, mental and moral traits, re- ligious beliefs, and some important religious movements among western tribes; (C) letters written to the editor by missionaries and other competent observers, describ- ing the character and present condition of the Sioux, Potawatomi, and Winnebago tribes.
All these documents are of great value as original ac- counts of the western tribes, obtained through personal observation and inquiry by reliable and competent men, and their writings are a precious contribution to both historical and ethnological knowledge. But perhaps even more valuable to the student in those fields are the conclusions that have thus far been reached by the eth- nologists of to-day, based on collected data of this sort and on their own studies of aboriginal life and thought, and considered in the light of modern science and philo- sophy. Much of this valuable material it has been my privilege to secure for the present work, through the generous cooperation of the Bureau of American Eth- nology at Washington, the chief officials of which have kindly furnished to me not only answers to various special inquiries, but the proof-sheets of volume two, Handbook of American Indians, permitting me to use in my annotations, etc., such matter as I might desire. This liberality has enabled me to present to my readers the latest and most reliable information regarding many topics, which otherwise could have been obtained only by long and tedious search through many printed vol- umes and even in some cases would have been entirely inaccessible. With this aid, I have endeavored to round out and unify the subject as presented in the documents
here published, and to place before the reader a more accurate and lifelike view of aboriginal life and char- acter than is usually entertained by readers who know the Indian mainly through newspaper and magazine "stories," novels, and "Wild West shows." My work on these volumes will be well repaid if those who read them gain a clearer realization that the Indian is in reality very much the same kind of being that his white brother would have been if put in the red man's place ; and that we all, whether red, black, brown, yellow, or white, be- long to one great human race, the work of one Creator, the children of one common Father.
The deepening and growing consciousness in the world of human brotherhood, and of our responsibility toward one another, is perhaps the most cheering token of progress and upward growth in this latter day; but unfortunately one still encounters occasional survivals of the idea once current in certain quarters that "there is no good Indian except a dead one." Inhuman and bru- tal as this is, it has been uttered even by persons who called themselves Christians; and occasion still remains to protest against such cruel and unjust notions. Com- plete refutation of them is found in the many instances of noble words and deeds by Indians ; in the progress made by some of the tribes in civilization and religious life; in the results of modern ethnological research and study; and in the practical application of the Golden Rule, which, translated into the vernacular, reads, "Put your- self in his place." There is of course, as every one knows, an evil side in the savage character; the history of many tribes and many individuals is blackened by duplicity, treachery, and ferocious cruelty; and there are depraved Indians, as well as good ones. But it must not be for- gotten that the Indians have, with some exceptions, dur-
ing most of our acquaintance with them been in the primitive stages of culture, and we can not in justice apply to them the same strictness of judgment to which we who have passed through many more centuries of evolution and progress are rightly liable ; that the white man's record in the border wars and even in later deal- ings with the Indians, is not so spotless that we can cast all the blame on the other side ; and that in no case is it right to censure all for the evil deeds of some.
The government of the United States is doing all in its power, in most cases, for the best welfare of the In- dian peoples under its care; but it needs for this purpose a backing of public interest and opinion even stronger than it has thus far received, and, still more, the efforts of each individual citizen to aid, by word and deed, in securing just and humane treatment for the Indians. So long as greedy and conscienceless traders sell to them (in violation of the laws) vile whisky and shoddy or adul- terated goods, so long as other unscrupulous white men take advantage of their ignorance or lack of judgment to cheat them in regard to their work or other business dealings, so long will the efforts of missionaries, govern- ment officials, and others who are trying to uplift the Indians be to a certain extent neutralized; and public opinion should be interested and strong enough to re- buke sharply all such evil acts, no matter by whom com- mitted. I do not ask for any sentimental effusion or lavish giving in behalf of the Indians; but only for justice in all our dealings with them, and for the same humane and kind interest in improving their material and moral condition that we consider proper for the poor or ignorant classes in our white population. Let them be given a "square deal" in every way, and there is no doubt that in time they will prove themselves worthy of it.
My cordial thanks are tendered to those who have furnished information and other aid in the preparation of this work. Every contribution that I have used has been credited to its proper source, and is gratefully ap- preciated. Especial recognition is due to Dr. W. H. Holmes (now curator of ethnological department in U.S. National Museum) and Dr. F. W. Hodge, of the Bureau of American Ethnology, for aid and favors which I have already mentioned ; Prof. Frederick J. Turner, of Harvard University (late of University of Wisconsin), for valuable criticism and suggestions; Mr. Charles E. Brown, secretary of the Wisconsin Archeological Socie- ty and curator of the State Historical Museum, for val- uable aid; Dr. R. G. Thwaites, secretary of the Wiscon- sin State Historical Society, for permission to use some sixty pages of matter in Wisconsin Historical Collec- tions, volume sixteen (translated for that work from Perrot and La Potherie by the present editor) , and other courtesies; and Mr. Frank E. Stevens, Sycamore, 111., for photograph of Fort Armstrong and various informa- tion. Thanks are also extended to Dr. W. B. Hinsdale, of the University of Michigan; Sister Lillian, S.H.N., Oneida, Wis. ; Gardner P. Stickney, Milwaukee, Wis. ; Hon. Francis E. Leupp, late commissioner of Indian affairs ; and Dr. E. Kremers, University of Wisconsin, for various courtesies. E. H. B.
Madison, Wis., January, 1911.


INDEX...

ABEL, ANNIE HELOISE: work cited, II, 303

Abnaki [Abenaki, Abenaquis], (tribe) : I, 134, 185, footnote, 224, footnote, 364, footnote, II, 54, 82, 259; ac- count, 54-55, footnote Acadia [Accadia, Cadie] : I, 47, foot- note, 197, 256, footnote, 348 Adams, Charles F: work cited, II, 303 Adams, Henry: work cited, II, 303 Adams, John Quincy: Memoirs, II, 303

Adario [Kondiaronk, Sastaretsi], (Ti- onontate chief) : leads expedition against Iroquois, I, 253, footnote; cause of French massacre, 253, foot- note; converted, 253, footnote

Adoption: see Manners and customs; Captives

Adornment (personal) : see Manners and customs

Africa: I, 27, footnote

Agariata (an Iroquois) : I, 307

Agniers: see Mohawk

Agriculture: see Economic conditions: industries, etc.

Alaska: I, 38, footnote, 8r, footnote, 122, footnote; Kodiak, 171, footnote

Algeria: government, I, 26 and foot- note

Algonkins [Algonquins] : I, 15, 26, 36, footnote, 65, footnote, 88, footnote, 147, footnote, 281, footnote, 288, footnote, 371, footnote, II, 252; lo- cation, I, 43, 148, 149, 177; driven to Mackinaw, 43, footnote; name applied to tribe, 43, footnote; char- acteristics, 197; courtship and mar-
riage, 67-74; hunters, 43; hunting expedition, 43-45 ; regard corn as treat, 102 ; esteem flesh of dogs, 53, footnote; government, 145, footnote; refuse to render justice, 46; wor- ship Great Panther, 59; belief re- garding souls, II, 208, footnote; compared to Dakotas, I, 161, foot- note; allies of French, 203; offer services to Courcelles, 199. Rela- tions taith Iroquois neighbors, I, 43 ; invite to winter with them, 43 ; hostile to, 306; attack, 151, 190-192; war against, 190-203 ; defeated by, 192-193 ; unwilling to free, 201

Alimibegon: I, 173

Allegheny [Alleghany] Mts: I, 122, footnote, 336, footnote

Allegheny River: I, 240, footnote, 336, footnote

Alliances: I, 309, 311, 317, II, 184, 189, 201 ; renewed, 33 ; periodical re- newals, 190; significance of belts, 185; aids allies, I, 356-357. Inter- race of English and various tribes, II, 188 ; Indians and French, 135, footnote, 254; desirable with French, I, 347, II, 42 ; benefits from, with French, I, 356-357; renewed be- tween French and Foxes, II, 62-64; Foxes oppose French, I, 185, foot- note; between French, Miami, and Mascoutens, 332; between French and Potawatomi, 316; of all na- tions to avenge massacre of Illinois, 299-300. Intertribal desired, II, 44, 92, 118; Miami wish to renew, 99 ; Algonkins form, I, 197 ; Assin-
iboin, 108, footnote; Chippewa, II, 189, footnote, 190; Cree, I, 108, footnote; against Dakota, II, 64-65; with Dakota, I, 277; Foxes, II, 118; Foxes, Sauk, and other tribes, 145- 184, 204-205, 232-233, 356; Hurons, 92-106; Iowa, 145, 356; Iroquois, I, 279-280, footnote, 342-343, II, 44. 106; Kickapoo, 118, 145; Miami, 99, 118; Missisaugi, I, 279-280, footnote; against Osage, II, 204- 205; Ottawa, 44, 92, 106, 189, foot- note, 190; Potawatomi, 189, foot- note, 190; Wyandotts, 189, footnote. See Intertribal relations; Interracial relations

Allouez [Alloiiet, Aloiiet], Claude Jean (Jesuit missionary) : I, 16, 48, footnote, 60, footnote, 129, footnote, 132, footnote, 149, footnote, 156, footnote, 165, 182, footnote, 270, footnote, 301, footnote, 329, footnote, II, 252 ; Perrot confers with, I, 343 ; witnesses transfer of land to France, 224; mistreated by Miami, II, 16; brief account, I, 224, footnote; work on, cited, II, 337, 348

Allumettes Island [Le Borgne Island, Isle du Borgne] : I, 176, footnote, 177

American Anthropologist'. II, 305, 338, 344, 345, 357

American Antiquarian: II, 341

American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal: II, 304

American Antiquarian Society: II, 321; Proceedings, 312; Transac- tions, 304

American Archeologist: II, 304

American Association for the advance- ment of science: Proceedings, II, 324

American Baptist Home Missionary Society: II, 304

American Bison Society: I, 123, foot- note

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions: II, 304

American Catholic Historical Re- searches: I, 323, footnote

American Catholic Quarterly: II, 326

American Ethnological Society of New York: II, 328

American Folk-lore Society: Journal,

II, 304, 357 American Historical Association:

Annual report, II, 303 ; Papers, 305 American Lava Review. II, 326 American Missionary Association: II, 305

American Nation: II, 345, 347 American Naturalist: II, 36, footnote, 344

American Review of Revieivs: II, 338 American State Papers: Indian af- fairs, II, 305

Americans: I, 288, footnote, 301, foot- note; Shawnee prophet warns against, II, 274; Indians to avoid, 277 ; destroy Tippecanoe, 279, foot- note

Amikwa [Amicouas, Amicoues, Ami- koiias, Amikouets, Amiquois], (Al- gonquian tribe) : I, 42, footnote, X 73, *79; location, II, 355; de- scribed, I, 63, footnote; sun-wor- shiper, 60, footnote; creation belief, 62-63 J help gain victory over Iro- quois, 154, footnote; Perrot winters with, 221; attend council, 224; Mo- hawks reveal conspiracy, 254 Amsterdam (Netherlands) : II, 301 Amusements: love of, I, 93; Miami entertain Perrot, 345-346. Games II, 230-232 ; following funeral, I, 82; planned for guests, 296; ball games, intertribal, II, 269 ; bowl, 272; cards, 230; crosse, I, 93-96; 345; dice, 101-102; moccasin, II, 230; platter, 230; straws, I, 96-101. Races I, 82, II, 230. Sham bat- tles II, 194, 231-232. Story-telling II, 222. See Dances Andastes: see Conestoga Anderson, Thomas G: papers, II, 350 Andiata (Huron village) : II, 355, 361

Andre, Louis (Jesuit missionary) : I, 150, footnote, 290, footnote ; quoted, 102-103 ; witnesses transfer of land to France, 225, footnote

Animals: game, see Game animals; domestic, I, 282, footnote ; see Dog, Horse

Annals de la propagation de la foi, etc: cited, I, 155, footnote, 162, footnote, 226, footnote, II, 305 ; quoted, I, 209, footnote

Aouenano (Iroquois) : II, 136

Apache (group of Athapascan family) : II, 226, footnote, 282

Apichagan [Miami chief]: II, 13

Arapaho (tribe of Algonquian fam- ily) : 1, 277, footnote, 327, II, 282

Arctic Ocean : I, 171, footnote

Arikara (tribe of Caddoan linguistic family) : I, 171, footnote, 277, foot- note

Arizona: I, 81, footnote, 323, foot- note, 363, footnote

Arkansas: II, 146, footnote

Arkansas [Akancas, Arkansa, Arkan- saw] River: I, 224, footnote, 277, footnote, 328, footnote, 348 and footnote, II, 184, 234

Armstrong, Benj. G: work cited, II, 306

Armstrong, Perry A: II, 306

Arrows: origin, I, 38; in medicine pouch, 50, footnote; used as sacri- fice, 61, footnote; given to boy, 78; see Weapons; Implements, etc.

Askin, John: II, 310

Assiniboia (Prov.) : I, 107, footnote

Assiniboin [Assiniboiialas, Assini- boiiles, Assinipoualaks, Chiripin- ons], (Siouan tribe) : I, 278, foot- note, 371, footnote; account, 364; economic conditions, 103, 162, foot- note; ally with Cree, 108, footnote; Sioux wage war against, 170

Assiniboin River: I, 364 and footnote

Asuans: II, 202, footnote

Ataentsic: first ancestor, I, 40, foot- note; mother earth, II, 271

Atchatchakangouen [Tchidiiakouing- oiies], (tribe) : II, 67

Athapascan family: method of mak- ing fire, I, 38, footnote; mourning custom, 82, footnote; great travel- ers, II, 199, footnote

Atlantic Ocean: I, 25, 103, footnote, 308, footnote, II, 183, 199, footnote, 3S6

Attikamegue [Poissons B lanes], (Mon- taignais band) : Algonkins ask aid from, I, 197

Aumanimek (chief of Amikwa) : I, 254

Auraumut, Hendrick: work cited, II, 306

Austria: II, 293, footnote; Vienna, 314

Awe n 'ha'i (mother earth) : II, 271, 272 Ayer, Edward E: collection, II, 306

BAIRD, ELIZABETH: work cited, II, 351 Bald Eagle: name of Sauk clan, II, 190

Bald [Pelee] Island: I, 163 and foot- note Bancroft, George: History of the U.S.,
I, 156, footnote, 267, footnote Baraga, Frederic (bishop) : II, 293

and footnote; work on, cited, 347 Barber, Edwin A: work cited, II, 306 Bark: uses, I, 80, footnote Barre, M. de la: I, 148 and footnote, 240; sent to replace Frontenac, 231; consents to war with Iroquois, 231- 232; gives Perrot trade-permit, 233; letters from, 242 ; recalled, 243 Barrows, William: work cited, II, 306 Bay de Noque: I, 291, footnote, II, 355 Bay of the Puants: see Green Bay Beach, W. W: work cited, II, 307, 335 Beads [rassade~\ : Perrot gives, I, 331; manufacture, 331, footnote, II, 185, footnote; uses, I, 331, footnote, brought from Europe, II, 185, foot- note; see Wampum Bear: I, 102, 113 and footnote, 114, 283, 304, 317, II, 168, 171, footnote,


220, 234; tribal name, I, 319, 320, II, 163; name of Fox clan, 192; of Sauk clan, 191 and footnote; origin of man, I, 37; honors paid, 132, footnote; represented by totems, II, 259; used as sacrifice, I, 61, foot- note; Indians pray to, 49; January, February, July named for, II, 116; mode of hunting, I, 126-131; meat served at feast, 53; rutting season, 127; produces stripes on chipmunk's back, II, 265 ; comparison, 40

Bear-Potato: name of Sauk clan, II, 191 and footnote

Beauchamp, W. M: work cited, II, 307

Beaver: I, 102, no, 113, 114, 168, 182, 203, 278, 280, 283, 304, 310, 317, 322, 365, 369-37, 372, II, 92, 234; abundant, I, 173, II, 33; scarce, I, 337; method of hunting or trap- ping, I, 104-106 ; in creation myth, 32-35; insignia of family, 347; robes as gift, 346

Beckwith, Hiram W: work cited, II, 307

Beckwith, Paul E: quoted, II, 180-181, footnote

Begon, Claude Michel: I, 28, footnote, 29; Perrot composes Memoirs for, 262, footnote

Belgium: Bruxelles, I, 30, footnote

Beliefs and superstitions: in general I, 31-66; bad omen for war, 237- 238; affected by omens, 237-238, II, 226, footnote; regarding buffalo, I, 123, footnote; regarding calumet, 185, 186; regarding education, II, 155; concerning epidemic, I, 354; regarding hunting, 129 ; invocation of spirits, 54-55; regarding puberty of boys, II, 172, footnote; of girls, 172, footnote; tattooing, I, 325; foot- note; worship of Great Panther, 59; belief in Nanabozho, 283, 283-287, footnote. Creation- II, 220; of I, 37-40, 62-63, II, 174; of

woman, I, 39-40, II, 174; of world, I, 31-36. Death and immortality death, II, 170, footnote, 173, 174- 175, 293 ; ghosts, 223 ; immortality, I, 89-92, 295 ; soul, II, 208-209, 2 8, footnote, 266 ; afterworld, 208, foot- note; country of dead visited by mortals, I, 92. Dreams I, 47, foot- note, 49, 51, footnote, 299, 328, foot- note, 332, 356, II, 194-195, 210, 226, footnote, 237, footnote, 260, 274; in general, I, 51, footnote; importance and significance, 51-52 and footnote; to obtain favorable, 69, footnote; to induce, at puberty, 52, footnote; of supernatural origin, 51, footnote; before war, II, 158, 161. Elements eclipse of moon, II, 121, 221 ; flood,
I, 40, footnote; storm, 361; weather signs, 60 and footnote, II, 221 ; win- ter journeys, I, 61. Witchcraft
II, 268, 273, footnote; in wizards and witches, 225 ; in magic power, 264-269 ; external magic influences, II, 266. See Religion

Bell, Andrew: II, 322 Bellacoola (Salish tribe) : II, 270 Bellinzani, M: Perrot receives permit
through, I, 228, footnote, 229 Beschefer, (Jesuit father) : I, 154,
footnote; quoted, 48, footnote Bescherelle, : I, 308, footnote Biard's Relation: I, 66, footnote, 83, footnote, 89, footnote; quoted, 54, footnote

Biggs, W: work cited, II, 307 Big Rock Creek (111.) : II, 344 Biloxi (Siouan tribe) : I, 277, footnote, 278, footnote

Birds: I, 113, II, 220; depicted on skins, I, 53, footnote; as sacrifice, 61, footnote; as game, 78, 89; crane, II, 116; eagle, I, 61, footnote; geese, II, n6; magpie, I, 51; paroquet [perroquets], 51 and footnote; swan, Si Bison: II, 171, footnote; History, 304

Black Bass: name of Sauk clan, II, 191, footnote; name of Fox clan, 192

Blackbird, Andrew J: work cited, II, 307

Black Carp (family) : I, 319

Blackfeet [Siksika], (Siouan tribe) : I, 277, footnote, II, 258-259 ; blanket, standard of value, 149, footnote; hostile relations, I, 108, footnote

Black Hawk [Muc-it-tay Mish-she- ka-kake, Ma'katawimesheka'ka 3 ], (subordinate chief of Sauk and Fox Indians) : I, 301, footnote, II, 142, footnote, 193, footnote, 211, 303, 304, 307; account, 211, footnote; de- livered up to U.S., I, 292, footnote; work on cited, II, 307

Black Hawk War: II, 142, footnote, 191, footnote, 211, footnote, 245, 303, 3i8, 334, 344, 350, 351; causes, I, 292, footnote, II, 181, footnote, 211, footnote, 294, footnote

Black River: I, 165 and footnote, 171, footnote, 172, 268 and footnote

Blair, E. H: II, 202, footnote, 328

Blanchard, Rufus: work cited, II, 307

Blandin, Miss [Mrs. Graham] : II, 294

Blanket: I, 70, 78, 315, 334, II, 173, 176, 221, 285 ; Indians cling to, 294; mode of manufacture, 149, footnote; uses, 149, footnote; as sacrifice, I, 61, footnote; as wager, 97

Blondeau, Maurice: II, 153, footnote, 154, 198, footnote

Blondeau, Nicholas: II, 153, footnote

Bloomfield, Julia K: work cited, II, 307

Blue Chief (celebrated Sauk) : II, 184

Boas, Franz [Francis, Frank] : quoted, I> 54*55) footnote, II, 208, footnote, 264-270

Bobe, Father: commends La Potherie's Ms., II, 134

Boisguillot, : I, 244, footnote

Bow and arrows: see Implements; Weapons

Boyd, George: work cited, II, 308, 351 Brackenridge, H. M: Journal, II, 346 Bradbury, John: Travels, II, 346 Brebeuf, : I, 81, footnote Brinton, Daniel G: II, 152, footnote;
work cited, 170, footnote, 308 British: II, 50, 59, 254, and in foot- notes on the following pages, I, 205, 226, 261, 273, 288, II, 54, 136, 240, 241 ; Indian names for, II, 240-241, footnote; colonies, I, 25; regarded as friends, 352, II, 277; head of confederacy, 188; bribe with gifts,
I, 267; try to win savages, 250-251, 250, footnote; intrigues, II, 135, footnote; secret connections, 79; gaining ascendancy, I, 261 ; dealings desirable, 259, footnote; desire peace,
II, 42; defeated, 81, 82; cause trou- ble between French and Indians, I, 261, footnote; French try to prevent, from intruding, 256, footnote; In- dians oppose, 156, footnote; con- quest of Canada, 257, footnote; trade, 259, footnote, 261 and foot- note, II, 22, 80, 81, 85, 95; trading- post, I, 246, footnote; sell Indians, 267 and footnote; arrested, 250; Cree friendly, 108, footnote; Hu- rons join, II, 22; relations with Iro- quois, I, 267, II, 35, 95-96; rela- tions with Ottawa, I, 267, II, 90, 106 ; with Potawatomi, I, 302 ; foot- note ; with Tecumseh, II, 279 and footnote

British Columbia: I, 122, footnote, 324, footnote, II, 265, 270

British Folk-lore Society: I, 294, foot- note

Brochet (chief) : II, 81

Brookes, Samuel M: II, 157, footnote

Brower, J. V: work cited, II, 308, 334

Brown, Adam (captive) : II, 189, foot- note

Brown, Charles E: I, 21, II, 152, foot- note

Brule [Bois-Brules] : I, 109, footnote

Brunct, Ovide: I, 116, footnote, 117,

footnote, 1 1 8, footnote Brunson, Rev. Alfred: work cited, II, 308, 350

Buck, Daniel: work cited, II, 308 Buffalo: I, 109, 113, 114, 154. i$9, 2 49 278, footnote, 322 and footnote, 366- 367, footnote, II, 64, 68, 165, 168, 185, footnote, 191, footnote, 220, 234, 261, 287; rutting season, I, 119; mode of hunting, 120-126; used as sacrifice, 61, footnote; economic uses, 123, footnote; census of American, 123, footnote

Buffalo Society: II, 224, footnote Bureau of American Ethnology: I, 18, II, 316; Annual reports, 308-309, 3iS 317, 320. 323, 324, 332, 335, 338, 340, 342, 345, 352; Bulletins, II, 309, 316, 323 Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions:
Reports, II, 309; Annals, 309 Bureau of Indian Affairs: II, 341 Burgundy [Bourgogne], Duke of: II, 45

Burial and mourning customs: treat- ment of sick as death approaches, I, 78-79; mode of burial, 80-81, 81, footnote, II, 172-173, 292; crema- tion, 170, footnote; interment cere- mony, 206, 209 ; mourning, in gener- al, I, 83-84; for brother, 79-80; for chief, 84; for relative, II, 173, 285; for son, I, 79 ; of widows, 70-72, II, 173, 208; of widower, I, 73-74; sac- rifices for dead, 62, footnote; grave described, II, 206; articles placed near, 209; findings in graves, 199, footnote; marking, 212; property of deceased, 206-207 ! games following burial, I, 82; feast of dead, 83; cus- toms among Sioux, II, 285; among Potawatomi, 292; see Gifts: of con- solation

Burton, C. M: work cited, II, 309 Burton, Frederick R: work cited, II, 310 Bushnell, D. I : work cited, II, 306

Butler, J. D: work cited, II, 350

CABEZA DE VACA, ALVAR NUNEZ: II, 169, footnote

Cache [storing of supplies] : I, 104, and footnote

Caddoan family: I, 125, footnote

Cadillac, La Mothe (founder of De- troit) : I, 351, footnote, II, 119, foot- note, 310; quoted, I, 349, II, 51, foot- note

Cahokia [Cahokians, Kaokia], (tribe of Illinois confederacy) : I, 155, foot- note, 295, footnote, II, 200

Calhoun, John C: II, 140, 327, 336

California: II, 170, footnote, 227, foot- note

Calkins, Franklin W: II, 284; article, 286-287; work cited, 310

Callieres, M. de: I, 148, footnote, II, 136, 254; quoted, I, 269, footnote

Calumet: I, 139, 345, 350, II, 31, 76, 96; described, I, 182, footnote; uses, 185, footnote; significance, 185-186; of peace, II, 34; war, 101 ; favorite material for making, 96 ; depicted on skins, I, 53, footnote; song (illus- tration), 183; sung to Sinagos, 182; honors of, conferred on Per rot, I, 27, 325-330, by lowas, 368, 369; by Me- nominee, 311, 313; by Potawatomi, 309; Perrot offers, II, 34; to Foxes, I 359! f r Miami, II, 98, 99; Per- rot wins purpose by means of, 72 ; Perrot lights, 77 ; Dakota with, shot, 131; Hurons carry to Iroquois, 106 ; Miami offers to French, 126; to Da- kota, 114; Ottawa present to Chip- pewa, 91; presented to Ottawa, 78; Sauk offers to Dakota, 114; presents Perrot's to Dakota, 114; worshiped by Sioux, I, 161, footnote Campbell, Henry C: I, 172, footnote;
work cited, II, 310, 337 Canada: I, 28, 29, 207, 228, 306, 308, II, 42, 45, 50, 69, 80, 136, 188, 215, 240, 301, and in footnotes on the following pages, I, 31, 39, 74, 76, 83, 93, 107, no, u|, 171, 174, 198, 205,
217, 222, 224, 243, 253, 257, 262, 269, 273, 275, 277, 28l, 282, 303, 308, 316,
324, 331, 35", 364, II, 28, 42, 55, in, r 35 !89i 199, 252, 273, 330; early settlements, I, 148 ; French coloniza- tion, 25; buffalo in, 123, footnote', early conditions, 228, footnote; fur trade, 27 and footnote; slavery, 190, footnote; see Montreal; Quebec, etc.

Canadians: I, 117, footnote, 203; vio- late trade laws, 230

Canfield, W. W: work cited, II, 310

Cannibalism: I, 189, 225, 349, II, 48, footnote, 101, 202 and footnote; prac- ticed occasionally, I, 169, footnote; by various tribes, 371, footnote; cause, 371, footnote; compelled by hunger, 103; to inspire courage, 143, footnote, II, 226 ; among Foxes, 225 ; among Ottawa, I, 188 ; among Pauns, 293 ; among Sauk, II, 225 ; Seneca slow to suppress, I, 240, foot- note; Sioux do not indulge in, 169; among Winnebago, 296

Canoes: described, I, 171, footnote, 228, footnote; Iroquois steal, 175

Cape Diggs [Digue] : I, 307, 308, foot- note

Cape Massacre: I, 175

Capital punishment: see Punishment

Cap Rouge: I, 192

Captives : in general taken, I, 200 ; desert liberator, 187; satisfaction de- manded for retention, 354; religious duty to eat, 371, footnote; Jesuits aid, II, 36-37; Foxes, I, 227; take, II, 28 ; deliver to French, 29 ; French make example of Iroquois chief, 93- 94; Huron, I, 168, 187, 193; spare Iroquois, II, 92 ; mutual agreement between Huron and Iroquois, 92-93 ; Iroquois take many, 43 ; Louvigni takes Iroquois, 45 ; Adario takes Iro- quois, I, 253, footnote; Iroquois, II, 134; Ottawa secure, 36; Sauk, no; Skidi, 85. Adoption -II, 48, foot- note, 49, footnote, 162, 196, 197; of
bands, 49, footnote; Iroquois gain strength by, I, 227 ; to replenish gen- tes, II, 37-38, footnote; of Adam Brown, II, 189, footnote. Freed
I, 187-188, 193, 201, 253, footnote,
II, 54, 78, 253; redeemed, 90, 104; redemption encouraged by Jesuits, 38, footnote; ransomed, 49, footnote, 109; granted life, 40; French try to release, 104; Perrot returns, 113; restored to Chippewa, 30; Hurons spare Iroquois slave, 47-49 ; Iroquois spare, 14; Shawnee, I, 336; Sioux liberate, 163. Treatment I, 300, II, 37, 47-48, footnote, 196-197; kind, I, 182; among Huma, 169, footnote; among Illinois, 169, footnote; of Mi- ami woman, II, 58; among Natchez, I, 169, footnote; among Ottawa, II, 39; of Sauk by Hurons, in; among Sioux, I, 170. Torture I, 142-143, footnote, II, 37, footnote, 38, foot- note, 48, footnote; of Father Lalle- mand, I, 177; of Hurons, 158; of Iroquois chief, II, 93-94; among Sioux, I, 169; Tecumseh persuades tribe to discontinue, II, 279, foot- note. Condemned I, 170, 193, 198, 253, footnote, 343; II, 39, 40, 162; Iroquois, 49; Shawnee, I, 336; Sin- agos, 190. Individuals Adam Brown, II, 189, footnote; Abbie Gardner, 342; Charles le Moyne, I, 197-198; M. de Noirolle, 200; John Tanner, II, 37, footnote, 344

Cap Tourmente (on St. Laurence
Riv.) : I, 25 Caribou: I, 102, 109, no, footnote;

hunting, 106-107; form yards, 44, footnote

Carp: March named for, II, 116 Carr, Lucien: work cited, II, 310-311 Cartier, Jacques: I, 26, 89, footnote Carver, Jonathan: II, 116, footnote;
work cited, 311; work on, cited, 337 Casey, M. P: work cited, II, 311 Cass, Lewis: II, 325, 331; work cited,

Catawba (Siouan tribe): I, 277, foot- note, 335, footnote

Catholics: II, HI, footnote; compar- ison to novice, I, 134; Dakotas enemies of, 161, footnote; among Iroquois, 240, footnote; ecclesiastics induce war on Iroquois, 231; mon- stance presented by Perrot to mis- sion, II, 57, footnote; native ordain- ed priest, 294; missionary society, 305 ; work on missions, cited, 342 ; St. Anne's Parish Church, 334; gov- ernors permit trade in brandy, I, 209 ; two Christian villages estab- lished, 157, footnote. Converts I, 364, footnote; number, 165, footnote; faithful, II, 293 ; do not join dances, 292; Adario converted, I, 253, foot- note; Huron converts, 257, footnote; Illinois converted, 156, footnote; Montaignais converted, 131-132, footnote; Nepissing readily convert- ed, I, 339, footnote. See Jesuits; Jesuit Relations; Recollects; the va- rious missionaries by name

Catholic Presbyterian: II, 326

Catholic World: II, 311, 326

Catlin, George: II, 96, footnote; work cited, 311; paintings, 312

Catlinite (red stone used for making the calumet) : II, 96, footnote, 199, footnote

Caton, J. D: Antelope and deer of America, I, 44, footnote, no, foot- note, II, 312

Caughnawaga: I, 241, footnote

Cayuga [Goyogouans, Goyogouins], (tribe of Iroquoian confederacy) : I, 47, footnote, 199, 350, footnote

Central America: I, 51, footnote, 305, footnote, 323, footnote, II, 116, foot- note

Chagouamigon [Mamekagan] : I, 269 and footnote

Chakekenapok (Potawatomi mythical being) : I, 284-285, footnote, II, 272

Chamberlain, A. F: I, 275, footnote;
quoted, II, 241, footnote; work cit- ed, 304, 305, 312 Champigny, M. de: II, 253 Champlain, Samuel de (founder of Quebec) : I, 26, in footnotes on the following pages, 31, 40, 42, 51, 74, 76, 83, 88, 89, 200, 302, 364; quoted, 47, footnote Chaoiianonk: I, 227 Chaoiianons: see Shaivnees Characteristics, Indian: in general, I, 144 and footnote, 272, 291, II, 67, '35) footnote, 284-286, 288-297; fickleness, 255; fortitude, 209; not dependable, I, 260; insubordinate, 260-261 ; moral traits, 132-145 ; physical, II, 236, 237, footnote. Mental II, 262-264; traits, 262; power of recollection, 227; time, 220; surprise at writing, 221; arith- metic, 220; incapable of chronologi- cal calculations, I, 40, footnote; knowledge slight, II, 222 ; of camps, 228. See Manners and customs; Burial and mourning customs ; also names of principal tribes Charlevoix, Pierre Francois Xavier de (Jesuit missionary and his- torian) : I, 17, 29, and footnote, II, 249, 250, 252, 256, 302, 311, and in footnotes on the following pages, I, 31, 36, 40, 48, 63, 66, 74, 76, 83, 89, 92, 95, 99, 101, 107, 124, 127, 153, 155, 163, 164, 168, 176, 208, 223, 233, 237, 242, 246, 257, 258, 262, 282, II, 66; work cited, 312 Chase, Levi B: work cited, II, 312 Chasy, M. de (nephew of M. de Tracy): I, 200; M. de Tracy grieves at death, 202 Chauvignerie, : II, 120, footnote Cheboygan (Chippewa village) : II, 355 Chequamegon [Chagouamigon, Cha- gouamikon] : I, 224, footnote, 165, footnote, 166, 168, footnote, 170, 173, 181, 187, 190, footnote, 191, footnote, 307, 317


Chequamegon Bay: I, 257, footnote, 293, footnote, 302, footnote

Cherokee (detached tribe of Iroquian family) : I, 118, footnote, 331, foot- note, II, 152, footnote, II, 201, 211, footnote; relations with Shawnee, I, 335, footnote

Chesapeake Bay: I, 174, footnote

Chesneau, M. du: I, 230; opposes M. de Frontenac, 231 ; recalled to France, 231

Chestnuts: I, 116 and footnote, 117

Chevalet (instrument of torture) : I, 218, footnote

Cheveux-Releves [Ondataouaouat], (tribe) : I, 37, footnote

Cheyenne (tribe of Algonquian fam- ily) : I, 185, footnote, 277, footnote, 327, II, 224, footnote, 257, 282

Chicago (Illinois chief) : I, 349, foot- note

Chicago [Chekagou, Chicagou, Chi- gagon, Chikagon], (111.) : I, 316, footnote, 365, 370, II, 13, 16, 58, 64, 84, 104, 121, 127, 128, 177, 200, 244, footnote, 281, 302, 304, 306, 307, 323,
349 Chicago Historical Society: II, 340;

Collections, 312 Chicago Record Herald: quoted, I,
123, footnote, 200, footnote Chicago [Chigagon] River: I, 349, 350

Chichikatalo (Miami) : II, 136

Chickasaw [Chickashaws], (Muskho- gean tribe) : I, 336, footnote, II, 201

Children: naming, I, 76-77, II, 167- 168, 210; puberty, II, 171, footnote, 172, footnote, 237, footnote, 267; training, I, 78, II, 164-165, 212; adoption, 213, 293; orphans, 213- 214; illegitimate uncommon, 216; announce arrival of hunters, I, 131; excused from mourning, 84; protect- ed on march, I, 125; Iroquois spare, 146

Childs, Ebenezer: work cited, II, 350

Chile: II, 152, footnote

China: II, 218

Chingouabe (chief of Sauteurs) : I, 269 and footnote

Chingouessi (Ottawa) : II, 136

Chipiapoos (Potawatomi mythical be- ing) : I, 284-287, footnote

Chipmunk: bear produces stripes, II, 265

Chippewa [Chipeways, Chippewais, Odgiboweke, Odjibewais, Ojibwa, Otjibwek, Pahouitingonach, Saul- teurs, Sauteurs] : I, 109 and footnote, 157, 159, 179, 260, 269, 271, 304, 354, 355, II, 28, 30, 32, 54, 96, 113, 128, 129, 131, 154, 184, 188, 190, 201, 203, 204, 205, 219, 259, 287, and in foot- notes on the following pages, I, 48, 104, 108, 114, 116, 185, 244, 277, 279, 281, 288, 291, 294, 301, 302, 325, 371, II, 17, 69, 116, 156, 189, 197, 224, 226, 227, 228, 241, 278 ; deriviation of name, I, 109, footnote; characteris- tics, 280; burial customs, 81, foot- note; mourning customs, 82, foot- note; purchase of wife, II, 167; at Chequamegon, I, 173 ; Sauk and Foxes descend from, II, 183. Eco- nomic conditions location, I, 153, footnote, II, 355; industries and oc- cupations, I, 109, 275-276; property rights, II, 207, footnote; receive an- nuity, 181, footnote. Wars mzn- ner of raising war party, II, 161- 162; chief advises against alliance with English, I, 352; abandon enter- prise, 211 ; tomahawk sent to, 233; reported destroyed, 357; chief's daughter held as slave, 358; kill French, 259 ; trouble with Foxes, II, 27 ; against Foxes and Mascoutens, 112; Miami plan attack, 120. Re- lations with Iroquois defeat Iro- quois, I, 153, 154, footnote, 180-181, 280-281; capture Iroquois, 335; wish to discontinue war, II, 90-91 ; receive gifts, 90, 91

Chiripinons: see Assiniboin

Chittenden, H. M: American fur trade, II, 151, footnote

Chiwere (Siouan group) : I, 277. foot- note, 278, footnote, 367, footnote

Choctaw [Chactaw], (tribe of Musk- hogean stock) : I, 185, footnote, 323, footnote, II, 166, footnote, 201

Chouteau, Auguste: work cited, II,

Christian Journal: II, 313 Christians: wrong attitude toward In- dians, I, 19 Cincinnati Zoological Gardens: I, 305,
footnote

Civilization: progress, I, 19; to in- crease, II, 179-180; more rapid among Christianized, 294 Civil War: II, 310 Clans: see Gentes Clapin, : I, 102, footnote Clark, George Rogers : Letters, journal,
etc., II, 313 ; work on, cited, 337 Clark, W. P: work cited, II, 313 Clark, Gen. Wm. (U.S. supt. of Indian affairs) : I, 14, II, 137, 146 and foot- note, 211, footnote, 240, 245, 278, footnote, II, 303, 320, 335, 350; ig- norant of council fire, 189, footnote; Papers, 313 Clarke, Peter Dooyentate: II, 189,
footnote; work cited, 313 Coates, Dr. B. H: II, 306 Cockburn Island: I, 282, footnote Coiracoentanon [Kouivakouintanouas],
(tribe) : I, 155, footnote Colbert, M. de: I, 228, footnote, 229 Golden, Cadwallader: II, 302; History of the five Indian nations, etc., 313 Coleson, A: work cited, II, 314 Colton, C: work cited, II, 314 Columbia County (Wis.) : I, 323, foot- note Columbia River: I, 174, footnote, II, 48, footnote, 273

Comanche (tribe of Shoshonean group) : I, 277, footnote, II, 282

Commerce and trade: see ECONOMIC CONDITIONS: trade

Company of the West Indies: I, 230, footnote

Comstock, C. B: I, 150, footnote

Conestogo [Andastes], (Iroquian tribe): I, 336, footnote; location, II, 355; Iroquois wage war with, I, 226-227

Congres International des American- istes: work cited, II, 314

Connecticut: I, 267, footjiote; New Haven, II, 140, footnote, 182

Conspiracy: against coureurs de bois, I, 258, footnote, 259 ; against French, 351-352, II, 17-18, 54, 65 ; among Foxes, Mascoutens, and Kickapoos, I, 245-249; of Hurons, 257 and foot- note; of Ottawa, II, 44-53, 54, 60, 61 ; against Ottawas, I, 252-254; be- tween Ottawas and Hurons, 164; against Perrot, II, 103 ; of Miami, I, 257, footnote; Miami woman dis- closes, 257, footnote; to attack Mi- ami, II, 54; Jesuits prevent, I, 254

Contemporary Review. II, 343

Copway, George: II, 328; work cited, 3I4-3I5

Cora, Angelde: II, 352 Corlaer [Corlar, Corlard, Corlart], Arendt van: I, 200; use of name, 200, footnote

Cornplanter (Seneca chief): II, 310 Coronado, : II, 152, footnote Coteau des Prairies: II, 96, footnote Coues, Elliott: work cited, II, 315 Councils: II, 179, 186, 187, 226, 237, 238, 257, 258; tribal, 259; of all tribes, 136; league, 259; called by Jesuits, 49-50; to deliberate on cap- tives, 78 ; peace, 41, 44 ; ends war, 184; Cree attend, I, 224; of Ottawa, Sauk, Potawatomi, II, 122; regard- ing Iroquois captive, II, 49 ; at Sault Ste. Marie, I, 222-225 Council fires: II, 145 ; origin, 188 ; loca- tion secret, 233; members, 188; ne-
cessity of attending, 190; belt, 188; Seneca, I, 240, footnote; of Dakota, II, 258; at Brownstown, 233

Coureurs de bois: I, 13, 15, 25, 259, footnote ; meaning of name, 25, foot- note; account, 228-229, footnote; Perrot, 26; conspiracy against, 258, footnote, 259; profits, 228, footnote; greed, 264, footnote; to maintain peace, 244, footnote; trouble with La Salle's men, 243, footnote; illegal traffic, 27, footnote ; trade in brandy, 208, footnote; see Perrot, Nicolas; Economic Conditions: trade

Courcelles, M. de (gov.-gen.) : I, 147 and footnote, 198, 210, 307, II, 252 ; marches against enemies, I, 199 ; plans fort, 226-227 ! negotiates peace between Iroquois and Ottawa, 219

Coursel, M : I, 341

Courtemanche, M. de: I, 256, foot- note, 269, footnote, II, 254; Journal, I, 259, footnote

Courtship: I, 65, footnote, II, 214; among Algonkins, I, 67-68 ; among Sauk and Foxes, II, 165

Cows: II, 179

Cradle: I, 77

Crane: I, 114; origin of man, 37; April named for, II, 116

Cree [Kilistinons, Kiristinons, Kristi- naux], (Algonquian tribe) : I, 47, footnote, 107-108, footnote, 233, foot- note, 281, footnote, 364, footnote, 371, footnote, II, 33, 241, footnote, 257; sun-worshipers, I, 60, footnote; mission to, 224, footnote; method of hunting moose, 107-108 ; attend council, 224; abandon enterprise, 211 ; believe Nipissing, 340-341; friendly relations with Assiniboin, 108, footnote; Sioux war against, 170

Creeks (tribe of Muskhogean family) : I, 65, footnote; II, 291

Cremation: I, 81, footnote

Crespel, E: work cited, II, 350 Creuse River: I, 176, footnote, 177, 203 Crimes: avoided, II, 280; confession, 292 ; investigation, I, 205-206 ; il- legal traffic, 27, footnote. Adul- tery \\, 214; permitted, I, 144; concubinage, II, 197 ; punished, I, 65, footnote, II, 167; caused by in- temperance, I, 208, footnote; by coureurs de bois, 229, footnote. Stealing I, 138-139, 204-208, II, 33, 187; unknown, II, 286; plot, 65; causes trouble in Montreal, I, 214; from French, II, 119-120. Murder I, 137, 139, 144, 145, footnote, 146, 157, 270, 271, 354, II, 209; atone- ment, 186-187; uncommon, 286; caused by intemperance, I, 209, footnote; for plunder, 204-206, 207- 210; of Algonkins by Iroquois, 46; of French, 307, II, 26, 58 ; of Iro- quois by Algonkins, I, 45 ; by French, 204-206, 207-210; of Pontiac, 296, footnote; Seneca slow to abolish, I, 240, footnote; of Sioux by Hurons, 163. See Punishment; Vices Croghan, George: Letters, etc., II, 346 Crow (Siouan tribe) : I, 278, footnote Culin, Stewart: II, 309, 315 Culture Hero: II, 208, footnote Cumberland River: I, 336, footnote Cumberland Valley: I, 336, footnote Curlew: I, 114 and footnote Curtis, Edward S: work cited, II, 315 Curtis, Natalie: work cited, II, 315 Curtis, Wm. E: I, 123, footnote Gushing, Frank H : I, 325, footnote Cusick, David (Tuscarora Indian) :
H, 307 Cutler, Jervis: work cited, II, 315

DABEAU, (Frenchman) : kills and captures Iroquois, II, 92

Dablon, Claude (Jesuit missionary) : I, 16, 223, footnote, 304, footnote t 367, footnote, II, 252; signs paper, I, 224; brief account, 224, footnote

Dakota [Nadouaichs, Nadouaissioux, Nadouechiouek, Nadoiiessis, Nadou- essioux, Poualaks, Scioux, Sioux], (largest division of Siouan family) :
I, 18, 27, 159-160, 269, 292-293, 327, 344, 356, 3S, 3^5, 370, 372, II, 27, 54, 55, 61, 64, 73, 74, 109, 113, 126, 184, 201, 205, 247, 284, and in foot- notes on following pages, I, 66, 104, 124, 144, 155, 244, 269, 278, 292, 296, 302, 306, 364, 371, II, 17, 76, 77, 96,
116, 191, 193, 216, 226, 228, 229; location, I, 160, footnote, 277, foot- note, 278, footnote; personal ap- pearance, II, 32; characteristics, I, 160-161, footnote, 169, II, 31 and footnote, 32, 284-287 ; early religious belief, 284; lodges, I, 161, footnote; canoes, 171, footnote; dressing skins,
II, 166, footnote; burial customs, I, 81, footnote; alliance, 277; alliance against, II, 356; Perrot sets out to, I, 243, footnote; entertain Perrot, II, 31; return calumet, 73; refuse to make peace, 71-72 ; council fire, 258 ; have priest's breviary and cossack, I, 173 ; chief liberates captives, 187 ; hostile relations, 108, footnote. Re- lations with Chippewa, I, 109 and footnote; Foxes, II, 34-35, 56, 63-64, 68-69, I0I XII  II2  IX 4, 126; Hu- rons, I, 163, 167-168, 187, II, 32-33; Mascoutens, 97, 112; Miami, 100,
117, 131; Ottawa, I, 164-165, 188, 189; Sauk, II, in

Dances: II, 87, 158-161, footnote, 282, footnote; enumerated, 161, footnote; at feast, I, 338; planned for guests, 296, II, 292; in country of dead, I, 91 ; give possessions away at, II, 285; to celebrate winning of wager, i, 102 ; at adoption, 84. Enumer- ated - buffalo, II, 230 ; calumet, I, 182, footnote, 311; ghost, 278, foot- note, II, 270, 273, 335; at feast of dead, I, 86-87 > green bean, II, 291 ; green corn, 291; medicine, 230-231,
277; otter, 230; pipe and tomahawk (illustration), I, 235; powou, II, 291 ; religious, 278, 291 ; scalp, 26, footnote, 158-161; sun, 269; of thanksgiving, 291 ; war, I, 233, II, 125

Davenport, George: II, 153

Davidson, Alexander: work cited, II, 316

Davidson, J. N: work cited, II, 316

Davis, Andrew M: work cited, II, 316

Davis, E. H: see Squier, E. G., II, 344

Dearborn, Henry: II, 312

Deer (name of Sauk clan) : II, 191, 211

Deer: I, 109 and footnote, 123, 127, 278, 283, 304, 317, II, 29, 165, 168, 213, 220, 234; December named for, 116; used as sacrifice, I, 61, foot- note; insignia, 347, II, 120, footnote

Delaware [Delewars], (confederacy of Algonquian stock) : I, 364, II, 54, footnote, 145, 156, footnote, 188, 259; location, I, 336, footnote, II, 355; marriage customs, I, 65, footnote; tradition, 335, footnote

Delaware (state) : II, 224, footnote, 355

Delaware River: I, 335, footnote, 336, footnote, II, 355

Dellenbaugh, Frederick S: work cited, II, 316

Denonville, Marquis de (gov. of Canada) : I, 26, 147-148 and foot- note, 255, 259, footnote, 261, foot- note, 262, footnote, II, 1 6, 22, 27, 35, 44, 58, 152, footnote, 253; suc- ceeds M. de la Bar,re, I, 243 ; arrives at Quebec, 243, footnote ; orders Perrot to return, 244; orders from, 251 ; campaign against Iroquois, 243-252; offers peace to Iroquois, 252 ; captives sent to, II, 41 ; re- called to France, 45 ; quoted, I, 244, footnote, 250, footnote, 259, footnote, II, 255

Densmore, Frances: work cited, II, 316

De pere Rapids (Sauk village) : II,
356 DCS Moines River: II, 142, footnote,
147, 148, 200, 201, 211, footnote, 233, 355

Detroit (Mich.) : I, 149, 250, 258, 261, 270, 271, II, 29, 146, 201, 278, 309, 346, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 153, 189, 256, 280, 316, 329, 351, II, 108, 140, 150, 184, 189, 244; plot against, I, 257, footnote Detroit River: I, 237 and footnote Devils: recognized as divinities, I, 48 Dhegiha (Siouan group) : I, 278, foot- note, II, 36, footnote Dillon, John B: work cited, II, 316 Dionne, C. E: I, 308, footnote Disease: II, 218-219; common, 294; epidemic, I, 354; sacrifice to avoid, 62, footnote ; ceremony in connection with, II, 218-219, footnote, 219; pro- tection sought from, 268 ; cure, I, X 33> footnote, II, 234; causes great mortality, I, 242, 293, 340, 341, II, 37, footnote, 314; causes death of chief, I, 269 and footnote; among Mascoutens, II, 58; smallpox, I, 108, footnote, 364, footnote, 367, foot- note, II, 280

District of Columbia: Georgetown, II, 150, footnote, 182, footnote; see Washington Divorce: I, 303, II, 215; infrequent,
167, 288 ; for just cause, I, 64-65 Documentary History of New York: I, 200, footnote

Dodge, Charles R: work cited, II, 316 Dodge, Richard Irving: II, 316 Dog: II, 129, 275 ; used as comparison, I, 333, II, 17, 40, 72, 80, 215, 226; feasts, I, 53, 87, II, 125, 292; Sioux do not eat, I, 169; peaceable, II, 280; scent enemy, I, 180; dislike Indians, II, 103 ; symbol in dream, I, 356; sacrificed, 60 and footnote, 61, footnote, II, 272. Uses draw- ing sleds, etc., I, 278, footnote ; hunt


ing, 108 ; pack-beast, 173, footnote ; to watch near grave, II, 293

Donaldson, Thomas: work cited, II, 317

Dongan, (Dutch governor) : I, 200, footnote

Doolittle, J. R: II, 314

Dorman, Rushton M: work cited, II, 317

Dorsey, George A: quoted, II, 86

Dorsey, J. Owen: I, 185, footnote, 289, footnote; quoted, I, 367-368, foot- note; work cited, II, 309, 317

Doty Island (Winnebago village) : II, 356

Douglas County (WSs.) : I, 279, foot- note

Dousman, Hercules L: work cited, II, 321

Drake, Benjamin: work cited, II, 317

Drake, Francis S: work cited, II, 317

Drake, Samuel G: work cited, II, 317

Draper, Lyman C: II, 151, footnote, 313, 345, 349, 35o; quoted, 153, foot- note

Dreams: see Beliefs and superstitions

Dreuillette, Gabriel (Jesuit) : I, 157, footnote, 165, footnote, 224; brief ac- count, 224, footnote

Dubuque, Julien: II, 59, footnote

Ducks: I, 114, 304, II, 165

Du Lhut [Du Lhude], M. : I, 244, footnote

Dunn, Jacob P: Indiana, II, 38, foot- note, 318

Dutch: I, 226, footnote

Du Tisne, : II, 108, footnote

EAGLE (name of Sauk clan) : II, 163, 191, footnote, 211 ; marking of graves, 212

Eames, Wilberforce: II, 357; quoted, 329

Eastman, Charles A: work cited, II, 318

Eastman, Mary H: work cited, II, 318 Eastman, Capt. S., U.S.A: II, 318, 342

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS: in general -I, 282-283; to improve, II, 179; chosen localities, 261; of Foxes, I, 318-319; of Hurons, 283; of Potawatomi, II, 294; of Winnebago, I, 289, footnote, II, 297, 298; factory system, I, 17, II, 150-151, 176-178

CLOTHING-!, 114, 126, II, 166, footnote, 172-173, 206, footnote, 217, footnote, 223, 261; skins, I, 38, 264; of civilized Potawatomi, II, 294; Indian to discard whiteman's, 277 ; of widows in mourning, I, 70 ; mak- ing, 77, footnote; embroidered, 328, footnote, II, 235, footnote; first snow-shoe, I, 39, footnote; gift, 134, footnote, 194; as sacrifice, 61, foot- note

FOOD I, 115-119, 179, 182, 229, footnote, 237, 246, 309, 316, 326, 368- 369, 372, II, 33, 67, ijso, 196, 206, 213, 227, 228-229, footnote, 261 ; preparation, I, 113, 115-118, 115, footnote, 116, footnote, 123, II, 29; various kinds, I, 102-103, I2 7! fi sn abundant, 367, footnote; fruits, 279, footnote, 282; meat, 283; wild rice [wild oats], 103 and footnote; capacity, II, 237, footnote; greed, I, 280; restrictions, II, 277; favorite, I, 102; Indians first, 38; distribution of game, 124; at feast, 53; as gift, 68, 71; as sacrifice, 61, footnote; for captives, II, 83 ; for strangers, I, I 33' I 34> II, 29; on trading expedi- tions, I, 229, footnote; in country of dead, 91; French supply, II, 19; near grave, 209; of bears, I, 127; see Feasts; Fish; Game

FUEL -I, 124-125, 162, footnote==========================================

INDUSTRIES AND OCCUPATIONS in general: I, 76, footnote, 102; out- lined, 39-40; duties of men, I, 74-75, II, 216-217, 2I 7> footnote; of women, I, 75-76; of Ottawa, 282, footnote; of Siouan tribes, 278, footnote; of Winnebago, 289, footnote, II, 298.

Agriculture -I, 41, 43, 75, 109, no, 113, 119, 161, footnote, 173, 257, footnote, 278, footnote, 279-280, foot- note, 282, footnote, 289, footnote, 304, 319, 322, 367, II, 148, 151 and foot- note, 190, footnote, 217 and footnote, 261; products, I, 102, 113; fruits, 279, footnote, 282 ; among Hurons, 192-193, II, 206-207, footnote. Fish- ing -I, 69, 70, 72, 74, 106-113, 173, 179, 280, 286, 287, 289, footnote, 304, 305^ 339, footnote, 343-344, H, 191, footnote; women ignorant of, I, 237; method among Chippewa, 275-276, 276, footnote; products, 282. Hunt- ing -I, 41, 43, 69, 70, 72, 74, 106- "3, "5, 179, 194, 203, 211, 221, 249, 278, footnote, 280, 289, footnote, 304, 322, 337, 339, 368, footnote, 372, II, 14, 67, 68, 109, no, 113, 114, 122,
130, 148-149, 152, 191, footnote, 212, 260, 261; method, I, 106-113, 119-

atherstonhaugh, G. W: work cited, II, 319

Fergus Historical Series: II, 307, 312, 322, 333

Ferland, Abbe J. B. A. (Canadian historian) : I, 30 and footnote; work cited, 47, footnote, 48, footnote, 83, footnote

Fetich: I, 50, footnote

Fewkes, J. Walter: I, 325, footnote

Field, Thomas W: work cited, II, 319

Field Columbian Museum: Publica- tions, II, 319

Fillmore, John C: work cited, II, 319

Finland: I, 132, footnote

Finley, James B: work cited, II, 320 Fire: first, I, 38; two methods of mak- ing, 38, footnote; to obtain, 326; as signal, 366, II, 124; as gift, 64 and footnote

Fish, Carl R: work cited, II, 351 Fish: I, 90, 113, 220, 229, 261; used as sacrifice, I, 61, footnote; months names for, II, 116; see Carp, Her- ring, Sturgeon, Trout, Whitefish Flemish Bastard (chief of Mohawks) :
I, 157 and footnote, 199; missionary killed by war party, 158; denies murder, 158; captured, 200; freed, 201 ; insolence, 202 ; punished, 202 ; begs for peace, 203

Fletcher, Alice C: quoted, II, 259-260, 261-262 and in footnotes on follow- ing pages, I, 51-52, 123, 125, II, 151, 206-207, I 9 2 > 235, 246, 325, 328; work cited, 319, 320, 343

Florida: I, 81, footnote, 305, footnote,
II, 230, footnote, 279 Fontette, Fevret de: II, 301

Food: see Economic conditions: Food Forsyth, Thomas (government agent) :
I, 14, 17, II, 137, 153, 193, 244, 245, 247, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 171, II, 141, 181, 187, 189, 197, 211, 240-241, 244, 277, 278; ac- count, 244-245, footnote; Manners and customs of Sauk and Fox In- dians, 183-244; article on Shawnee prophet, 273-279; scope and interest of work, I, 17 ; work cited, II, 303, 320, 350

Forsyth, Wm. (father of preceding) :
II, 244, footnote

Fort Armstrong (Rock Island, 111) : I,
14, 21, II, 137, 139, II, 148, 150, 342 Fort Chartres: I, 156, footnote Fort Crawford: II, 342 Fort Edwards: II, 142 and footnote,
148, 177 Fort Frontenac: I, 25, 153, footnote,
239, 240; built, 227; Ottawas join

French at, 232

Fort Leavenworth: I, 367, footnote Fort Mackinaw: II, 157, footnote Fort Madison: II, 150, footnote Fort Nelson: I, 364, footnote Fort Osage: II, 150, footnote, 342 Fortress Monroe: II, 211, footnote Fort Richelieu: I, 142, footnote Fort Sainte-Anne: I, 217, footnote Fort St. Louis: I, 353, footnote Fort Saint Peter: I, 162, footnote Fort Smith: II, 342 Fowke, Gerard: quoted, I, 160, foot- note; work cited, 320 Fox [Mus-quak-kie, Outagami, Re- nards], (Algonquian tribe) : I, 14, 17, 27, 41, footnote, 188-189, 223, 245, 258, 260, 261, 268, 269, 270, 271, 294t SGI, 316, 321, 344, 350, II, 20, 27, 28, 30, 34, 65, 71, 82-83, 99. 109, 122, 131, 144, 153, 154, 250, 251, and in footnotes on following Pages, I, 171, 185, 238, 244, 269, 271, 291, 296, II, 17, 59, 108, 197, 203, 278; source of name, I, 294, footnote; clans enu- merated, II, 192 ; division into bands, 156 and footnote; location, I, 294, footnote, II, 142, 355; land claimed, 147; form new village, I, 317; characteristics, 294, footnote, II, 187; general customs, 225-228; mar- riage customs, 165-167; hunting, 233-234; destitution, I, 318; beliefs regarding death, II, 174-175 ; trans- migration, 175; trade, I, 319; an- nuities, II, 181-182 and footnote; suspicious of questions, 140-141 ; chiefs, 155-156; government by chiefs, 186; martial law, 163- 164; chiefs urge Du Luth to visit, 29 ; invite Perrot to visit, 61 ; Perrot visits, 62-63 1 speech to, I, 354. Wars II, 202, 288, footnote, 292, footnote; manner of raising war party, 157-158; neutral, 106; war- riors described, 356-357; disposi- tion of captives, 162; proposal to destroy, I, 266; disasters, 293-295;
compel Jesuits' aid, II, 55; advised to make peace, 205 ; relations with Chippewa, I, 357, 358, H, 27, 183; relations with Dakota, 34-35. 5 6 > 66 ~ 67, 69-70, 97, 101, in, 114-115, 117, 118; relations with French, I, 258, footnote, II, 17-18, 54. 55. 61-63, 65, 97, 126-127; with Iroquois, I, 227, II, 105, no; with Mascoutens, 89, 105; with Miami, 123-124, 125, 126- 127 ; with Ottawa, 124, 125 ; plots, 17-18, 54, 65; desire peace, 34'35, I0I, III

Fox: name of Sauk clan, II, 191, foot- note; name of Fox clan, 192 Fox (animal) : in creation myth, I, 36 Fox River: II, 146, 252, 344, 355, 356, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 155, 290, 294, 295, 316, 329, II, 57

Fox River Valley: I, 289, footnote Fox- Wisconsin portage: II, 30 and
footnote, 34, 65 Forum: II, 338 France: I, 15, 25, 76, 198, 220, 348,
II, 250, 251, 253, 255, and in foot- notes on following pages, I, 42, 256, 259, 261, 273, 316, 354, 367, II, 28, 43, 217; compels peace, I, 155, foot- note; takes possession of Ottawa country, 222; overstocked with bea- ver pelts, 230, footnote; Limoux, I, 30, footnote

Frazer, J. G: work cited, II, 320 French: I, 15, 16, 76, 116, 172, 174, '75. i77 *98, 275, 306, and in foot- notes on following pages, 63, 163, 2 77 2 79> II, 47, 54 ; first white man in America, 240, footnote; Indian names for, 240-241, footnote ; early settlers, I, 148, number in American settlements, 25 ; American posses- sions, 25, 26; colony aided by Per- rot, 27 ; regarded as friends, II, 277 ; spread of name and glory, I, 348; deride superstitions, 64, 88 ; teach Indians, 134; humor savages, 135;
evil influence, 209, footnote, 263- 264; soldiers commit murder, 204; use Indian slaves, 190, footnote; per- mit torture, 158; fail to keep assur- ances, 239 ; conquest over Indians, 178; make peace, 199; mediators, 308; negotiate peace, II, 136; voy- age of discovery, I, 363-372 ; trade, 175, 176, 259, footnote, 319, 343 (see Economic conditions: trade) ; con- spiracy against, 351-352, II, 54, 65; massacre, I, 259 ; reinforcements, 198; ordered to Michilimakinak, II, 65; return to Montreal, 104; cause tribes to continue to Montreal, I, 341 ; Canadians, 98-99, footnote. Re- lations with English, II, 22, 81 ; alliance, I, 347, 356, II, 42, 189, footnote; with Indians, I, 147-148; with Algonkins, 150, 191 ; with Chippewa, 173, 358, II, 30; with Cree, I, 108, footnote; with Dakota, II, 117, 122; with Foxes, I, 185, footnote, 258, footnote, II, 62-64, 65, 70; with Hurons, I, 193, 257, footnote; with Illinois, 156, foot- note; with Iroquois, 151, 190-192, 194, 199-203, 232-243, 334, II, no, 254; with Mascoutens, I, 323-333, II, 65; with Miami, I, 322, 332, II, 13, 16, 70, 130; with Ottawa, I, 176, 222, II, no; with Potawatomi, I, 149, footnote, 302-303, footnote, 316, 333, II, 251; with Sioux, I, 182; with Winnebago, 301 ; see Perrot, Nico- las

French and Indian War: I, 280, foot- note, II, 244, footnote French River: I, 43, 62, II, 356 Friederici, Georg: work cited, II, 343 Frobenius, Leo: work cited, II, 320 Frontenac, Louis de Buade de (gov. of Canada) : I, 26, 66, 351, II, 50, 70, 88, 89, 94, 101, 104, 106, 109, in-112, 132, 136, 254, 255, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 244, 256, 259, 261, 267, 269 ; relieves De-
Courcelles, 227; keeps harmony, 227; forbidden to issue trading per- mits, 230; induces peace, 231; re- ceives decree of amnesty, 231; re- called, 231; successor to Denonville, II, 45; restores peace, 42, footnote; receives chiefs, 254

Fuel: see Economic conditions: Fuel

Fulton, A. R: work cited, II, 321

Furs: see Skins

Fur trade: see Economic conditions: trade

GALE, GEORGE: work cited, II, 321 Galena River: II, 59, footnote Gallatin, Albert: I, 277, footnote;
work cited, II, 321 Galligan, Father (Jesuit missionary) :

converts Potawatomi, II, 293 Gambling: see Vices Game animals: I, 38, 44, II, 261; abundant, I, 89, 113, 159, 207, 221, footnote, 278, 283, 304, II, 174, 198 ; enumerated, I, 109, 113, 114, 203; for food, 124, II, 63 ; dispersed, I, 295; scarce, 159; to increase, II, 277 ; as gift, I, 73 ; served at feasts, 53; causes for killing, II, 236; dis- tributed among families, I, 124; laws, 120; months named for, II, 115-116; traders dependant on, I, 229, footnote; tribes dependant on, 278, footnote; see Economic condi- tions: industries hunting, also names of various great game ani- mals

Gannett, Henry: work cited, II, 321 Garland, Hamlin: work cited, II, 321 Garneau, F. X: work cited, II, 322 Garreau [Garot], Father: missionary to Hurons, I, 157, and footnote; murder of, 158 and footnote Gatineau River: I, 43, footnote Geese, wild: I, 114 and footnote, II,
165; June named for, 116 Genesee River: II, 356 Geneva River: I, 240, footnote

Gens [clans, gentes] : II, 257, 259-260, 269; account, I, 319-320, footnote; common rights, II, 257 ; enumerated, 191, footnote

Georgia: I, 122, footnote, 173, footnote

Georgian Bay: I, 43, footnote, 171, footnote, 257, footnote, 279, foot- note, 281, footnote, II, 355, 356

Geronimo: II, 351

Gerrard, Wm. R: quoted in footnotes on following pages, I, 97, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, II, 148, 227; work cited, 305, 321

Gifts: I, 72, 73, 74, 145, 160, 182, footnote, 303, 317, II, 128; of alle- giance, 79; of atonement, I, 56, 137, 13%, I 39> I 4> I 4 I , I 4S- I 4 6 footnote, 265, 321, 333, 11,^64, 186-187; as bribe, I, 178, 188, 207, 232, 233, 234, 249, 262, footnote, 267, 346, 352, 360- 361,* II, 52, 67, 78, 90, 254; of con- solation, I, 70, 79, 80, 83, 299, II, 57, 59, 99, loo, 102, 127, 128, 285 ; Vood- will, I, 270, 333, II, 36; marriage,
I, 65, footnote, 68, II, 214; peace of- fering, I, 152, II, 205; ransom, I, 175, 178, 358, II, 39; reciprocal, I, 227, 328, 347, II, 277; as reward, 55, 180-181, footnote; of thanks, I, 362, II, 54, 107; at naming child, I, 76-77; from fear, II, 56; to adopt- ed, I, 85, II, 293 ; to ambassador, I, 349; to captives, 182; to chief, 350,
II, 19, 50; to dead, 173; to hunters, 213 ; to strangers, I, 63, footnote, 129-130, 134, 135; to village, 86; to widows, 63, footnote; tribal, II, 185; of Great Spirit, 220-221; of British, I, 288, footnote; of La Salle, 350; of Miami, II, 27, 118; of Ottawa, 125; of Perrot, I, 312, 33i 33* S^S, II, 58, 72; of mourn- ers, I, Si; to Frontenac, 227, 351, II, 108 ; to various tribes, 60; to Dakota, 72, 112; to Foxes, 118; to Hurons, II, 53; to Iroquois, I, 194; to Mascoutens, 330, 331, II, 27; to

Menominee, I, 312; to Miami, 330, II, 17, 58; to Ottawa, I, 232. Enu- merated -I, 87, II, 24; brandy, 24; captives, I, 349, II, 92, 104; collars, I, 253 ; food, 63, footnote, 71 ; of peltries, 254, ore, II, 59, 66 ; tobacco,
I, 196, 238, footnote, 321, 362, 363, 365, II, 19, 50, 52, 57, 60, 77, loo,
112, 170, 238-239

Gilfillan, Joseph A: work cited, II, 334

Code: I, 308; defined, 308, footnote Goodale, Elaine: see Eastman, Charles, II, 318

Gorrell, James: Journal, II, 349 Government: in general, I, 145 and footnote; colonial, 271, footnote; fed- eral, should encourage religion, II, 281; attitude recommended for U.S., 141, footnote; British attempts to make peace, 205; justice, I, 138- 141; of gens, 320, footnote; by chiefs, II, 163-164, footnote, 186, 216-218 ; military, I, 120, II, 163-164, 192, footnote, 258, 262; tribal, I, 320, footnote, 332, II, 86, footnote, 163, 226, footnote Goyogouins: see Cayugas Graham, Mr. : I, 150, footnote Grand Calumet (island) : I, 176, foot- note Grand [Great] Medicine Society: II,
224-225, 224, footnote Grand River (Mich.) : I, 241, footnote, 302, footnote, II, 184, 199, footnote Gravier, Father: I, 40, footnote, 60, footnote, 89, footnote; quoted, 59, footnote; work cited, 69, footnote, 76, footnote, 169, footnote Great Beaver: origin of tribes, I, 62-63

Great Britain: I, 281, footnote Great Hare [Michabou, Ouisaket- chak], (diety) : I, 48; creates world, 32-36; creates man, 37; creates wo- man, 39-40; inspires making of bow, I, 38 ; gave different dialects, 41 ;
in dreams, 52 ; Montagnais belief, 36-37; Ottawa belief, 36, footnote

Great-Lake: name of Sauk clan, II, 191

Great Lakes: I, 159, II, 116, 184, 266, 309, 311, 330, 333, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 50, 171, 174, 246, 275, 278, 281, 287, 367, II, 190, 199

Great Lynx: name of Sauk clan, II, 191, footnote

Great Panther [Michipissy, Missibizi], (god of waters) : worshiped, I, 59

Great Spirit [Geechee Manito-ah, Kee-shay-munitoo] : I, 299, 360, footnote, II, 114, 141, 142, 155, 156, 158, 161-162, 168, 179, 195, 203, foot- note, 210, 235, 278, 280; beliefs con- cerning, 174, 222-223 J confession to, 277; feasts, 169; 220-221; miscon- ceptions, 222-223, footnote; reproves Tenskwatawa, 274; see Manila, Mateomek, Messou, Nanabozho \Michabous

Green Bay [Bay of Puans, Bay of the Puants]: I, 254, 349, 354, 364, II, 28, 40, 74, 104, no, 146, 177, 184, 201, 215, 250, 251, 253, 303, 308, 321, 349> 355, 356, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 48, 60, 103, 129, 132, 149, 150, 153, 165, 189, 222, 244, 270, 277, 278, 290, 291, 302, 316, II, 30, 57, 140, 151, 184, 199; source of name, I, 288-289 ', described, 290- 291; tides, 290, footnote

Green Bay and Prairie du Chien Pa- pers: II, 321

Green Lake County (Wis.) : I, 323, footnote, II, 227, footnote

Greenland: II, 270

Gregory, J. G: work cited, II, 337

Griffin, A. P. C: work cited, II, 321

Griffins: Indians pray to, I, 49

Grignon, Augustin: work cited, II, 350

Grignon, Lawe and Porlier Papers: cited, II, 321

Groseilliers, : I, 168, footnote

Grouse: name of Sauk clan, II, 191, footnote

Guadeloupe: I, 198, 273, footnote

Gulf of Mexico: I, 279, footnote, 336, footnote, II, 199, footnote, 333, 346

Gulf of St. Lawrence: I, 279, foot- note, 308, footnote, II, 183

Gulf States: I, 323, footnote, 324, foot- note, 332, footnote, II, 257

HADDON, ALFRED C : work cited, II, 322 Hailmann, Wm. N: work cited, II, 322 Haines, Elijah M: work cited, II, 322 Halde, J. B. du: II, 357 Hale, Horatio: works cited, II, 322 Half-breeds: characteristics, II, 198

and footnote Hall, James: II, 156, footnote', see

McKenney, Thos. L., II, 331 Hariot, Thomas: II, 229, footnote Harper's Magazine: II, 326 Harrison, J. B: work cited, II, 322 Harrison, Gen. Wm: II, 306, 317 Harrison, Wm. H: II, 279, footnote, 322

Harshberger, J. W: work cited, II, 322 Hart, A. B: II, 345, 347 Hart, Albert H: II, 318 Harvey, Henry: work cited, II, 323 Hazelnut: I, 116, footnote, 117 Heard, Isaac V. D : work cited, II, 323 Hebberd, S. S: work cited, II, 323 Hebrews: II, 170, footnote Hennepin, Louis (Jesuit) : taken pris- oner, I, 278, footnote, 323, II, 135, footnote, 311

Henshaw, Henry W: quoted in foot- notes on following pages, I, 133, 305, 325, II, 37-38, 198, 208, 217, 218, 222-223, 226, 238, 261, 263- 264; work cited, 305, 309 Hensley, Albert: II, 282 Herring: I, 282, footnote; Nov. named
for, II, 116

Hewitt, J. N. B: quoted in footnote on following pages, I, 85, 240-241, 282, 283-287, 319-320, 360, II, iio-ni,
158-161, 163-164, 182-185, 2 57-258, 271-272; work cited, 309, 323

Hibbard, B. H: II, 1521, footnote; work cited, 351

Hidatsa (Siouan group) : I, 171, foot- note, 278, footnote

Hinsdale, W. B: I, 21

Historical Magazine: II, 342

Hobart, J. H: II, 313

Hodder, F. H: II, 338

Hodge, Frederick W: I, 21; quoted, II, 241, footnote; work cited, 309, 323

Hoffman, Walter J: quoted, II, 224, footnote; work cited, 309, 323-324

Hole-in-the-Day (Chippewa chief): II, 350

Holmes, W. H : I, 21 ; quoted in foot- notes on following pages, 160, 233, 305, 318, 323-325, 325, 337-338, 363, II, 96, 185; work cited, 305, 309, 324, 343

Homer: I, 58, footnote, 142, footnote Hopi (tribe) : II, 229, footnote Hornaday, Wm. T: I, 123, footnote',
work cited, II, 324 Horses: I, 363, II, 179, 186, 187, 191, footnote, 199, footnote, 231, 236, 261,
285; introduction, I, 278, footnote; lack, II, 233

Hospitality: see Manners and customs Hough, Franklin B: work cited, II, 324

Hough, Walter: quoted in footnotes on following pages, I, 39, 75, 77, 115, 332, II, 17, 149, 185, 218-219, 228- 229, 229-230; work cited, 324

Hoy, P. R: work cited, II, 324

Hrdlicka, A: quoted, I, 371, footnote, II, 262-263 ; work cited, 309

Hudson (Husson) Bay: I, 60, footnote, 165, footnote, 224, footnote, 273, footnote, 307, 364, footnote, II, 278, 328

Hudson Bay Company: I, 108, foot- note, 208, footnote, 246, footnote, II, 330

Hudson River: I, 364, footnote, II, 341 Hulbert, Archer B: work cited, II, 324 Hurna [Houmas], (Choctaw tribe): treatment of captives, I, 169, foot- note Hunter, John Dunn: works cited, II, 325

Hunting: see Economic conditions: in- dustries and occupations Huron [Huron de Petun, Tobacco Hu- rons, Wyandot, Wyandotts], (con- federation of four Iroquoian tribes) : I, 15, 26, 148, 149, 267, 270, 281, 322, II, 184, 188, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 47, 54^ 88, 139, 144, 165, 224, 282, 339, II, 47, 184, 189 ; brief account, I, 257, 258, foot- note; location, II, 355; migrations, I *59' I  93; characteristics, 154, 283; annuity, II, 181, footnote; marriage customs, I, 65, footnote; economic conditions, I, 76, footnote, 283 ; es- teem flesh of dogs, 53, footnote; gov- ernment, 145, footnote; conspiracy, 257, footnote; treachery, 260, 262, footnote; policy, II, 44, 47-49 ; myths,
I, 36, footnote, 40, footnote; gifts to,
II, 53; missionary to, 171, footnote; abandon Chequamegon, I, 191, foot- note; do not attend council, 225 and footnote; keeper of council fire, II, 189, footnote; accept tomahawk, I, 2 33> 2 34' attempt to discontinue war, 252; overcome with fear, II, 45. Relations with Algonkin, I, 191; Dakota, 161, footnote, 167-168, 366, II, 32-33; English, I, 250, foot- note, 261, II, 22; French, I, 177, 251, 2 54 257. footnote, 366; Iroquois, 152, 157-158, 190, 192-193, 256, II, 28, 47-48, 91-92, 109, 132; Miami I, 256; Seneca, 241, footnote; Sioux, 163, 166, 181-182; 187, 188

Huron Island: I, 151, 315

IDAHO: II, 199, footnote Illinois [Illinoet, Illinoetz, Islinois, Linneway, Ninneway], (confedera-
tion of Algonquian tribes) : I, 258, 260, 261, 270, 291, 306, 316, 321, 365, 37i II, 36, 54, 65, 71, 72, 197, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 42, 48, 59, 66, 118, 144, 153, xs6, 169, 171, 224, 261, 262, 292, 294, 317, 321, 336, 371, II, 36, 66; account of, I, 295-296, footnote ; tribes compos- ing, 154-155, footnote; location, II, 355; territory occupied by, 199-201; customs, I, 65, footnote, 66, footnote, 83, footnote; superstitions, 60, foot- note; industries, 76, footnote; abun- dant wood, 124; annuity, II, 181, footnote; Iroquois attack, I, 154-157; raids, 155, footnote; attack Iroquois, I 55" 1 57; honor calumet, 182, foot- note; alliance against, II, 184, 201; treatment of captives, 202; defeat Outagamis, I, 258, footnote; kill French, 259; vengeance on, 295-296; vengeance on Puans, 299-300; ac- company expedition, 348 ; use buf- falo, 367, footnote; Iroquois against, 370

Illinois (state) : I, 16, 316, 353, II, 137, 211, 312, 313, 325, 329, 334, 355, and in footnotes on following pages,
I. 155, 295, 301, 302, 316, 329, 351,
II, 119, 141, 142, 150, 211, 280; La Salle County, I, 296, footnote. Cit- ies - Belleville, II, 340; Cahokia, 200, 201 ; Fort Armstrong, 302 ; Fort Chartres, 312; Kaskaskia, I, 296, footnote, II, 200, 201, 312; Lit- tle Rock, 203; Maramech Hill, 344; Rock Island, I, 14, II, 320; Peoria, I, 301, footnote, II, 244, footnote; Quincy, 244, footnote; St. Phillip, 200; Sycamore, I, 21; Utica, 353, footnote; see Chicago

Illinois River: I, 155, footnote, 296, footnote, 353, II, 181, footnote, 201, 203

Illinois State Historical Society: Li- brary Collections, II, 325 ; Transac- tions, II, 325

Imakinagos (spirits) : I, 287





Mesa Verde: I, 325, footnote

Mescal-eaters (Winnebago) : II, 281- 283 ; opposition to religion, 297-298

Mescaleros [Miskarora], (Mexican tribe) : II, 282

Messou (or Creator) : I, 37, footnote, 40, footnote

Metal: introduction, I, 318, footnote ; copper, 173, footnote, 174, footnote, 348, II, 199, footnote; iron, I, 160, 307, 312, 318, footnote, 326, 355, II, 96, footnote, 250; lead, I, 259, foot- note, II, 59 and footnote, 74, 102, 152, footnote, 153

Methodist Quarterly Review. II, 326

Metzdorf, Rev. Wm: II, 284; article, 287-297

Meule, M. de: sent to replace M. du Chesneau, I, 231

Mexico: I, 25, 337, II, 37, 257, 268, 282, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 122, 133, 169, 221, 301, 305, 318, 324, 325, 371, II, 116, 151, 156, 166, 281. Cities Chihuahua,
I, 301, footnote; Mexico City, II,314

Miami [Metousceprinioueks, Oumi- amis], (Algonquian tribe) : I, 26, 27, 223, 260, 261, 267, 268, 270, 271, 301, 316, 321, 329, 344, 350, 364,
II, 64, 65, 71, 72, 188, 252, 254, 259, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 48, 155, 269, 301, 329, 335, 336, 371, II, 229, 279; account, I, 316, footnote; locations, II, 355; migra- tion, 254; characteristics, I, 317, footnote, 322; punish illegal sepa- ration, 65, footnote; power of chief, 146, footnote; chiefs massacred, 258 and footnote; receive annuity, II, 181, footnote; bear-feast, I, 132, footnote; Crane clan, 270, footnote; conspiracy, 257, footnote, II, 54, 67; routed, 113; go to Chicago, I, 370; regret not entering alliance, II, 26; accused of murder, 27; tribes op- posed to, 112; on war-path, 126-
127. Relations with English, II, 81 ; French, I, 259, 322, 365, II, 13, 97, 120, 126, 130; Perrot, I, 327, 344-345, 365, II, 13-15, II, 200

Michigan: I, 16, II, 278, 287, 293, 307, 347, 355, 356, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 149, 153, 165, 257, 282, 291, 302, 303, II, 150, 189, 280; French posts, I, 27; School- craft County, 314, footnote. Cities Benton Harbor, II, 304; Browns- town, 188, 233; Harbor Springs, 288 ; Keweenaw Pt., I, 279, foot- note; Mackinaw, 281, footnote, II, 139, 140, footnote, 184, footnote, 303; Saginaw, 146 and footnote; St. Ignace, 47, footnote; see Detroit; Mackinac

Michigan Pioneer and Historical So- ciety: Collections and researches, II, 310, 334

Michillimackinac: see Mackinac Michillimackinac Parish: Register, II, 334

Michipissy: see Great Panther

Micmac [Mikmak], (Algonquian tribe) : I, 197

Mide-wiwin [Grand Medicine Society] : II, 224-225, 224, footnote

Migrations: I, 294, footnote; com- pelled by U.S., 289, footnote; Cad- doan family, 125, footnote; Ameri- can, II, 211, footnote; of Assiniboin, I, 364, footnote; of Chippewa, 153, footnote, 159; of Foxes, 294, footnote, II, 146-147, 184, 251 ; Hurons,
I, 159-190; Illinois, 155, footnote; Iowa, 367, footnote; Kaskaskia, 296, footnote; Kickapoo, 301, footnote,
II, 280, footnote; Mascoutens, I, 329; Miami, 316, footnote, II, 254; Missisauga, I, 159; Nepissing, 339, footnote; Osage, II, 36, footnote; Oto, 199, footnote; Ottawa, I, 159- 190, 281-282, footnote; Peoria, 296, footnote; Potawatomi, 149, footnote, 302-303, II, 287; Puans, I, 299; Sauk, II, 146-147, 184; Shawnee, I 335*336, footnote; Tionontati, II, 184, footnote; Wyandotts, 189, foot- note; of buffalo, I, 122, footnote, II, 200, footnote; of deer, 200, footnote

Mille Lacs: I, 277, footnote Millet, Father: I, 54, footnote Milwaukee (Potawatomi village) : II,

Milwaukee [Melwakee] River: I, 301, footnote, 302, footnote, 303, foot- note, 329, footnote, II, 1 8 1, footnote

Minnesota: I, 16, II, 96, 219, 308, 328, 3 2 9> 334. 355. 356, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 81, 103, 150, 174, 277, 289, 367, II, 224; history cited, 336. Cities Duluth, II, 28, footnote; Maine, 287; Mille Lac, 356; Pipestone, 96; Red Wing, I, 163, footnote

Minnesota Historical Society: II, 308, 347, 348; Collections, 334, 336; Doc- uments, 334

Missionaries: I, 15, 16, 25, 148, 171- 173, 224. II, 25, 72, 121, 249, 250, 284, 293, 307, 333, 342; and in foot- notes on following pages, I, 40, 41, 42, 48, 81, 109, 155-156, 185, 290, 295. 296, 306, 339, II, 38, 180; re- count superstitions, I, 47, footnote; deplore courtship customs, 67, foot- note; assigned, 157; compute num- ber of Sioux, 162, footnote; to Hu- rons, 176 and footnote; torture, 177; save Iroquois, 193; biographical
notes, 224, footnote; convert Adario, 253, footnote; know of Dakota vil- lages, 278, footnote; blamed for epidemic, 354; visit Hurons, II, 49; Shaker, 274; easy work among Sioux, 284; train Indians, 286; pub- lish paper, 288; traces of first, 292; writings, 319-320; from Society of Friends, 323 ; value of reports, 327- 328 ; biographical sketches cited, 336; works by, 340; see Jesuits

Missionary Herald: II, 304

Missions de Quebec: quoted, I, 136, footnote; cited, 156, footnote, 208, footnote

Missions: II, 253 ; Perrot saves, I, 354; Perrot gives monstrance, II, 57, footnote; Potawatomi, I, 278, foot- note

Missisauga [Missisakis], (Algonquian tribe) : I, 275, 279, II, 46, 241, foot- note; brief account, I, 279, footnote; location, 153, footnote; characteris- tics, 154, footnote; method of fish- ing, 276; defeat Iroquois, 153, 154, footnote; abandon enterprise, 211; tomahawk sent to, 233; believe Nipissing, 340-341

Mississippi (state) : I, 122, footnote, 198, footnote, 277, footnote

Mississippi [Louisianna, Missisipi] River: I, 16, 17, 26, 165, 166, 277, 308, 321, 354, 356, 365, 366, II, 16, 26, 34, 65, 71, 102, 129, 136, 147,
148, 153, 182, 199, 202, 205, 213, 233, 253, 261, 263, 278, 287, 303, 311, 315, 321, 330, 333, 334, 335, 336, 346, 347, 355, 356, and in foot- notes on following pages, I, 65, 124,
149, 153, 155, 162, 163, 169, 171, 244, 245, 257, 268, 270, 277, 281, 288, 289, 292, 295, 296, 302, 303,
336 364, 367, II, 30, 48, 59, 142,
150, 156, 166, 211, 226, 244; discovery, I, 30, footnote, 42, footnote, 211, footnote, 224, footnote, 246, footnote, 348 and footnote

Mississippi Valley: I, 25, 159, and in footnotes on following pages, 50, 66, 146, 169, 185, 246, 323, 324, 325, 333

Missouri (Siouan tribe) : II, 200, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 156, 171, 277, 367, II, 108, 199

Missouri (state) : II, 234, 280, 281, 33 355, and in footnotes on fol- lowing pages, I, 292, 295, 301, 367, II, 119, 146. Cities Belle Fon- taine, II, 150, footnote; St. Louis, I, 117, footnote, 292, footnote, II, 137, 146, 177, footnote, 181, foot- note, 203, 244, 245, footnote, 313, 342

Missouri River: II, 142, 147, 148, 199, 205, 233, 234. 278, 335, and in foot- notes on following pages, I, 117, 124, 160, 171, 277, 364, 367, II, 36, 199, 279, 292

Missouri River Valley: II, 313

Missouri State Historical Society: II, 342; Documents, 334

Moccasins: used as food, I, 229, foot- note; peculiar to tribe, 328, foot- note; gift to Perrot, II, 73

Mohawk [Agniers, Aniez, Annieron- non], (tribe of Iroquois confeder- ation) : I, 199, and in footnotes on following pages, 47, 157, 181, 199, 240, 371, II, 156; location, 356; courage, I, 147, footnote; demand peace, 200; French and allies wage war against, 202-203 ; beg for peace, 203; disclose treachery, 254; warn Seneca, 255

Mohawk River: II, 188

Mohegan (Algonquian tribe) : adopt Pequot, II, 37-38, footnote

Moingwena [Moiiingoiiena], (Illinois tribe) : I, 155, footnote, 295, foot- note

Mo-ne-to-mack (Sauk chief) : II, 155

Monroe, James: I, 14

Montagnais (Athapascan group) : I, 197, 222, footnote, 281, footnote, II,

257; location, 356; myths, I, 36-37, footnote; creation belief, 40, foot- note; abhor flesh of dogs, 53, foot- note; bear feast, 131-132, footnote

Montana: I, 81, footnote, 364, foot- note, II, 199, footnote; Missoula County, I, 123, footnote

Months: named from animals and fish: II, 115-116

Montreal (Que.): I, 25, 42, 157, 158, 188, 198, 201, 254, 261, 307, 309, 310, 313, 315, 317, 333, 334, 337, 343, 351, 357, II, 25, 42, 45, 46, 75, 79, 89, 96, 104, 106, 107, 109, no, 136, 174, 251, 253, 254, 310, and in foot- notes on following pages, I, 42, 148, 165, 171, 229, 238, 253, 259, II, 135; Mohawks settle in, I, 203 ; Ottawa go to, 210; Ottawa reach, 214; jur- isdiction, 215; trade, 228; trip planned to, 336-339; ravaged by Iroquois, II, 254

Mooney, James: quoted, II, 272-273, and in footnotes on following pages,
I, 43, 108, 270, 279-280, 282, 291, 294, 296, 303, 316-317, 327-328, 330, 339, 364, II, 26-27, 54-55, 77, "9" 120, 156-157, 166, 184, 273-274, 278- 279, 281-282; work cited, 309, 335

Moore, Clarence B: I, 324, footnote Moorehead, Warren K: works cited, II, 335

Moose: I, 102, no, footnote, 113 and footnote, 203, 280; origin of man, 37; as game, 44; form yards, 44, footnote; method of hunting, 107- 108 ; great number killed, 221 ; Oc- tober named for, II, 116

Morgan, F. P: II, 335

Morgan, Lewis H: II, 161, footnote, 191, footnote; work cited, 335, 343

Morris, Thomas: Journal, II, 346

Morse, Jedidiah: I, 14, II, 176, 181, footnote, 182 and footnote, 302; quoted, 177, footnote; letter of Mor- rell Marston to, 138-182; outline of work, 139-140, footnote

Morse, R. F: work cited, II, 350 Mortuary customs: see Burial and mourning

Mothe-Cadillac [Morte], Antoine de la: I, 256, 257, and footnote; brief account, 256, footnote Mound-builders: I, 305, footnote Mounds: II, 199, footnote, 304, 335, footnote Mousonee [Monsonis], (Chippewa
phratry) : attend council, I, 224 Muc-co-pawn (Fox Indian) : II, 211 Mud Lake (Wis.) : I, 116, footnote Muir, Dr. : II, 153 and footnote Musical instruments: I, 329; drum, 84, 86, 91, 92, 311, II, 87, 158, 169, 222, 230, 231, 282, 292; resembling flageolet I, 50, footnote; flute, II, 222; gourd rattle, I, 86, 91, 92, II, 89, 102, 169, 282; rattle, 169 Mus-ke-ta-bah (Sauk chief) : II, 154-155

Muskhogean family: I, 65, footnote Muskrat: creation myth, I, 35; source
of man, 40, footnote Myths: see Beliefs and superstitions

NA-CAL-A-QUOIK (Sauk chief) : II, 157

Nadouaichs (tribe) : I, 292-293

Nadouaissioux: see Dakota

Nakaidoklini (Apache) : II, 273

Nanabozho [Manabozho, Messou, Michabo, Michabous, Michapous], (deity): I, 337, II, 266, 272; ac- count of belief, I, 283, 283-287, footnote ; see Great Hare

Nan-nah-que (Sauk chief) : II, 154- 155

Nansouakouet [Nansoaskoiiet], (Otta- wa chief) : II, 22, 107-108

Nanticoke (Algonquian tribe) : I, 335, footnote

Narraganset (Algonquian tribe) : adopt Pequots, II, 37, footnote

Nassauaketon [Nansouaketon, Nassa- waketon], (Ottawa division) : I, 281

Natchez (tribe) : I, 169, footnote, 185,

footnote, II, 226, footnote, 257 ; hon- ors to dead chief, I, 62, footnote; power of chief, I, 146, footnote, II, 164, footnote

Nation: II, 326

National Intelligencer: II, 319

Naturalization: I, 185

Navaho (Athapascan tribe) : II, 168, footnote, 229, footnote, 257

Nebraska: I, 124, footnote, 125, foot- note, 289, footnote, 292, footnote, 367, footnote, II, 282, 298. City Winnebago, II, 281

Negaouichiriniouek (tribe) : I, 155, footnote

Negauquetl, Father (Potawatomi) : II, 294

Neill, Edward D : II, 256 ; work cit- ed, 334, 336, 360

Nets: beaver, used to locate Hurons, I, 167, II, 32-33

Neutrals [Neuters], (confederation of Iroquoian tribes): I, 240, footnote; location, II, 356; subjugated by Seneca, I, 241, footnote

Neveu, Gustave de: work cited, II, 351

Neville, A. C: work cited, II, 351 New England: I, 38, footnote, II, 82, 185, footnote

Newfoundland: I, 38, footnote New France: I, 26, 145, II, 249, 251, 2 5 2 > 2 53> 3 I2 > a d in footnotes on following pages, I, 36, 47, 66, 124,

154, 169, 197, 211, 222, 253, 269, II, 135; defence, I, 198

New Hampshire: I, 267, footnote

New Jersey: II, 355

New Mexico: I, 124, footnote, 323, footnote, 363, footnote, 364, II, 152, footnote, zoo, footnote

New York (state) : II, 323, 355, 356, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 226, 240, 241, 280, 289, 316, 324, 332, II, no, in, 139, 230; reser- vations, I, 240, footnote; Ononda- ga County, II, 356; Ontario Coun-
ty, I, 240, footnote. Cities Al- bany [Orange], I, 200, footnote, 259, footnote, 261, footnote; Buffalo, II, 149, footnote, 177 ; Naples, I, 240, footnote; New York City, 123, foot- note, 261, footnote, II, 177, footnote, 357

New York State Historical Society, II, 313

New York State Museum: Bulletins, II, 307

Niagara: I, 122, footnote, 153, foot- note, 239, 242, 251, 351, 353, II, 16, 20, 26

Nicaragua: II, 170, footnote

Nicolas, : II, 302

Nicolet [Nicollet], : I, 103, foot- note, 291, footnote

Nicolet River: I, 194, 195, 196

Nikikouek [Mikikouet], (Algonquian tribe) : I, 153 and footnote, 154, footnote

Nipissing [Nepiciriniens, Nepissing, Nepissiniens], (Algonquian tribe) :
I, 150, 173, 179, 197, 210, 281, foot- note, 339, II, 47, 55 ; account, I, 339, footnote; location, II, 356; characteristics, I, 339, footnote; creation belief, 62-63 > attend coun- cil, 224; Iroquois plan raid, 231; method of fishing, 276 ; try to pre- vent tribes from going to Montreal, 340-341 ; aid French, II, 51 ; march against Iroquois, 78 ; make gifts to French, 79

Noirolle [de Lerolle], M. de (nephew of M. de Tracy) : captive, I, 200

Nordenskjold, G: I, 325, footnote

Noro [Porcupine], (Fox chief): II, 136, 255

North America: I, 25, II, 208, 265, 268, and in footnotes on following Pages, I, 80, 123, 173, 306, 323, II, 86, 171, 172

North American Review: II, 311, 321, 326, 335 North Carolina: I, 46, footnote, 81,
footnote, 267, footnote, 277, footnote, 278, footnote, 308, footnote

North Dakota: I, 81, footnote, II, 355

North Dakota State Historical Socie- ty: Collections, II, 336

Northern Missionary Society: II, 139, footnote

North Sea: I, 25

Nottawasaga Bay: II, 184, footnote

Nova Scotia: I, 348

Nuttall, Thomas: Journal, II, 346

O-CHEK-KA: illlustration, II, 295

Odanah (mission) : II, 336

Ogg, Frederick A: work cited, II, 336

Ohio: II, 356, and in footnotes on fol- lowing pages, I, 46, 240, 281, 316, 335, II, 189, 273; Shawnee driven from, 323. Cities Ashtabula, II, 304; Chilicothe, 188; Greenville, 273, footnote, 274; Sandusky, 150, footnote

Ohio Archaeological and Historical So- ciety: Quarterly, II, 336

Ohio River: II, 199, 201, 315, 328, 333, 346, and in footnotes on fol- lowing pages, I, 155, 278, 336, II, 36, 107; Tecumseh attempts to fix as boundary between two races, 279, footnote

Ohio State Archeological and Histor- ical Society, II, 345

Ohio Valley: I, 185, footnote, 226, footnote, 316, footnote

Ojibwa: see Chippewa

Oka: I, 241, footnote

Oklahoma: II, 282, 287, 294, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 125, 258, 281, 282, 292, 294, 296, 301, 367, II, 119

Omaha [Maha], (Siouan tribe) : II, 199, 205, 282, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 185, 278, 292, 367, II, 36, 107, 224; clans, 269; lodges, I, 162, footnote; social sys- tem, II, 258

Oneida [Anoyes, Onneyouts], (tribe of Iroquois confederation) : I, 47, f 




cited, II, 306, 357 ; furnishes ad- denda, 355-357

Radisson, Peter Esprit: I, 168, foot- note, II, 339, 350

Ragueneau, Paul (missionary to Hu- rons) : I, 141, footnote, 176, foot- note

Ramsey, Alexander: work cited, II, 339

Rasles, Father: I, 47, footnote, 59, footnote

Rat, The [Kondiaronk], (chief of Pe- run Hurons) : brief account, I, 252- 253, footnote; proposes destruction of Ottawa tribes, 252-253 ; accused of plot, 254

Ratzel, Friedrich: work cited, II, 339

Rau, Charles: work cited, II, 339, 343

Raudot, Jacques: II, 134, footnote, 257, footnote

Rave, John: II, 283

Rebok, Horace M: work cited, II, 339

Recollects: I, 350, footnote

Red Banks (Winnebago village) : II, 356

Red Carp (family) : I, 319, 320

Red River: I, 107, footnote, 108, foot- note, 109, footnote, 122, footnote, II, 199

Relation de la mission de Notre Dame: quoted, I, 89, footnote

Relations inedites: I, 48, footnote

Religion: Indians lack, I, 47-48, footnote; lacking among Sioux, 161, footnote; lack of ancestor worship, 62, footnote; beliefs, II, 264-272; belief in immortality, I, 89-92, 295, II, 266; prophets, 270, 272-281, 303; duty of chief, 163-164, footnote; ob- serve Jewish customs, I, 47-48 and footnote; religious rites during hunt, 123, footnote; smoking, 361, foot- note; duty to eat captives, 371, foot- note; ceremony, II, 86, footnote, 194- 195, 267-270, 291-292 ; mescal eaters, 281-283, 297-298; prayers, 278; prayer-sticks, 280 and footnote; sa- cred articles of clan, 207, footnote;

sacred use of rattle, 169, footnote; calumet, I, 182-185; religious aspect of totem, II, 260; taboo, 170-172, footnote; Potawatomi well disposed to Christianity, I, 303, footnote; number of baptisms, 224, footnote; holy mass, 234; converts tenacious to faith, II, 291 ; among Sauk and Foxes, 222-225; of Miami, I, 332; early Sioux, II, 284; sacred and secret societies, 223-225, 223-224, footnote, 257. Sacrifices II, 267- 268; to Great Spirit, I, 299-300; to dead, 81 and footnote; significance and mode, 60-61, footnote; reasons for, 62, footnote; use of calumet, 182, footnote; articles used as, 61, foot- note; mutilations practiced, 61, foot- note; of dogs, 60 and footnote, II, 87, 158, 234, 272, 292; of tobacco, I, 63, 182, footnote. See Beliefs and superstitions; Medicine-men

Renards: see Foxes

Reservations, Indian: II, 152, footnote, 237, footnote, 282, 294; in Dakotas,

I, 278, footnote; Indiana, 317, foot- note; Indian Territory, II, 36, foot- note; Kansas, I, 292, footnote, 303, footnote, 367, footnote, II, 119, foot- note, 287, 292; Minnesota, 312; Montana, I, 278, footnote, Nebraska, 278, footnote; Oklahoma, II, 287; Wisconsin, I, 291, footnote, II, 287, 312; Alleghany, I, 240; Cattarau- gus, 240; Tonawanda, 240; Grand River, 240, footnote; Kickapoo on, 301, footnote; Omaha, 289, footnote; Onondaga, II, in, footnote; Osage, 108, footnote

Revolutionary War: I, 288, footnote,

II, 1 80, footnote, 1 88, 287 Reynolds, John: works cited, II, 340 Rice, wild: I, 161, footnote, 166, 167,

168, footnote, 305-306, II, 33, 191,

footnote, 207, footnote Rice Lake (Wis.) : I, 116, footnote Richelieu [Sorel] River: I, 192 Riggs, Stephen R: work cited, II, 334

Ringed Perch: name of Sauk clan, II,

190 Rio Grande River: I, 122, footnote,

305, footnote, II, 281, footnote Risher, D. W: II, 34 River des Peres: II, 280 River des Prairies: I, 158 Robertson, James A: II, 202, footnote Robes : see Skins

Robinson, Doane: work cited, II, 340 Rock River (111.) : I, 292, 329, footnote,

367, footnote, II, 147, 153, 193, 199, 202, 204, 211, 233

Rocky Mts: II, 333, and in footnotes on following pages, If 103, no, 117, 122, 160, 171, 277, 328

Roddy, Thomas R: II, 247, 284; articles, 281-283, 298

Rome (Italy) : Indian ordained priest, II, 294

Roosevelt, Theodore: work cited, II, 340

Rouen (France) : II, 301

Roy, J. Edmund: I, 273, footnote, II, 301

Royal Society of Canada: I, 273, foot- note, II, 301, 340; Proceedings, 332,

348 Royce, C. C: work cited, II, 309, 340-341

Rush, Benjamin: work cited, II, 341 Russia: I, 133 Ruttenber, E. M: work cited, II, 341

SABLE (Ottawa group) : I, 282, foot- note

Saco River: I, 364, footnote

Sacs: see Sauk

Saginaw [Saguinan, Sankinon] Bay: I, 148, 149, footnote, 164, footnote, 291, footnote, II, 244, footnote

Saguenay: I, 197

St. Anthony [Saint Antoine], (post) : I, 244, footnote

St. Croix Falls: I, 294, footnote

Sainte-Croix River: I, 163, footnote, 166, 244, footnote, II, 229, footnote

St. Francis (Menominee village) : II, 355

St. Frangois [Francis] Xavier Mis- sion: I, 243, footnote, II, 253; Per- rot presents monstrance, 57, footnote

St. Frangois River: I, 195, 221

St. Joseph (Jesuit mission) : I, 349, footnote, II, 255

Saint Joseph River: I, 256 and foot- note, 302, footnote, 316, footnote, 348, 353, II, 13, 81, 85, 88, 103, 112, 114, 119, footnote, 121, 122, 132, 134, 254

St. Lawrence River: I, 25, 26, 148, 184, II, 254, 255, 333, 355, and in foot- notes on following pages, I, 42, 47, 66, 157, 161, 171, 174, 185, 194, 224, 308, II, 28, in

St. Lawrence Valley: I, 185, footnote

Saint Lusson, Sieur de: I, 221; signs paper of possession, 224, 225, foot- note

Saint Martin, M. de: II, 252

St. Mary's River: I, 109, 189, footnote; rapids, in

St. Maurice River: II, 356

St. Michael (Wis.) : Potawatomi mis- sion at, I, 278, footnote, 306, foot- note

St. Michael (Menominee village) : II, 355

Saint Peter [Peters, Pierre] River: I, 166, 244, footnote, II, 184

St. Regis: I, 241, footnote

Sandusky (Huron village) : II, 355

Sangamon River: I, 301, footnote

Santa Rosa Mts: I, 301, footnote

Santee Sioux: location, II, 356

Saponi (Siouan tribe) : I, 277, foot- note

Sara [Cheraw], (Siouan tribe) : I, 277, footnote

Saskatchewan River: I, 108, footnote, 122, footnote, 364, footnote, II, 199, footnote

Sauk [Ousakis, Sacs, Sacks, Sakis, Sa- quis, Saukie], (tribe) : I, 14, 17, 188, 270, 291, 301, 319, 320, 321, 336, II,

61, 83, 91, 107, 144, 153, 154, 183, 251, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 124, 238, 296, 303, II, 17, 59, 197, 203, 278; derivation of name, I, 291, footnote] account, II, 190-191, footnote; division into tribes, 163 ; division into bands, 156 and footnote ; names of various clans, 190-191 ; location, I, 291, footnote, II, 147-148, 356; character- istics, I, 303, II, 187; suspicious of questions, 140-141 ; traditions show outside influence, I, 41, foot- note] customs in general, II, 225- 228 ; manner of procuring a wife, 165-167; of raising war party, 157- 158; disposition of captives, 162; martial law, 163-164; chiefs, 157; described, 153-154; government by chiefs, 186; warrior bands, 192-194; warriors described, 356; brave meets with accident, 57; lodge, de- scribed, 191, footnote] hunting, 233- 234; annuities, 181-182 and foot- note; find traces of missionary, I, 172 ; attend council, 223 ; member desires war, 355; recommended at- titude of government toward, II, 141, footnote] vocabulary and gram- matical forms, 154; battle, 202; ad- vised to make peace, 205. Relations with French, II, 60, 97 ; Chippewa, 183; Dakota, in; Foxes, 113-114, 122-123 ! Iroquois, no, 133 ; Ottawa, 124

Sault Ste. Marie: I, 43, footnote, 178- 179, 276, footnote, 302, footnote, 306, footnote, 354, II, 40, 355; Chippewa at, I, 109, footnote] Perrot summons chiefs, 222 ; Jesuit mission, 224, foot- note; council, 225, footnote] general assembly, 343

Sauteurs: see Chippewa

Saxon [Sog-o-nosh, Sasenaugh] : II, 240, footnote

Scalping: I, 195, II, 26 and footnote] see Dances, scalp

Schoolcraft, Henry R: I, 39, footnote, 166, 318, 356; works cited, 341-342

Schultz, J. W: work cited, II, 342

Scioto River: I, 316, footnote, 336, foot- note

Scotland: II, 139, footnote. City Edinburgh, 153

Scull, Gideon D: II, 339

Sea: name of Sauk clan, II, 191, foot- note

Seasons: II, 220; method of reckoning, etc., 116-117, footnote; feasts and other rites dependant upon, I, 62, footnote

Secret Societies: see Religion

Seelye, L. E: see Eggleston, Edward, II, 318

Seignelay, Marquis de: I, 250, foot- note, 259, footnote] quoted, 243, foot- note

Seneca [Sonnontoans, Tsonnontouans, Tsonontouans], (Iroquoian tribe) :

I, 47, footnote, 148, 199, 240, 260, 280, footnote, II, 23, 58, in, foot- note, 134, 161, footnote, 335; mean- ing and scope of name, I, 240, foot- note; location, II, 356; political his- tory, I, 240, footnote; name of various bands, 240, footnote; Cones- toga join, 226; Perrot to go against, 245 ; ruin Hurons 241, footnote ; French and allies advance toward, 251; warned, 255; French and va- rious tribes to go against, II, 16; adopt Tuscarora, 37, footnote; Otta- wa to send message to, 44

Seneca Lake: I, 240, footnote Serpent: pray to, I, 49 ; device of Wea,

II, 120, footnote

Shakers (religious sect) : II, 270 Shaman: I, 54, footnote, 133, footnote,

II, 171, footnote, 208, 224, footnote,

267 ; see Medicine-men Sharp, Mrs. Abigail G: work cited, II, 342

Shaubena [Potawatomi chief] : II, 334 Shaugawaumikong [Chagouamigon], (Chippewa village) : II, 76 and footnote

Shaw, John: quoted, II, 177, footnote; Narrative, 350

Shawano County (Wis.) : I, 289, foot- note, 291, footnote

Shawnee [Chaouanons, Chaouanons, Shawanoes], (tribe) : I, 46, 301, foot- note, II, 183, 229, footnote, 233, 259, 279, footnote, 188, 323 ; account, I, 335, footnote; location, II, 356; Iro- quois at war with, I, 226-227; I ro " quois cause to evacuate, 146 ; Chip- pewa raid, 335; settle near Pota- watomi, 348 ; give Iroquois captives to Miami, 349 ; cause of separation from Sauk, II, 142-145 ; leading na- tion at council fire, 190; driven from Ohio, 323

Shawnee prophet: see Tenskwatawa

Shea, John G: II, 312, 313, 323, 330; works cited, 342, 350

Sherman, Gen. W. T: II, 316

Sibley, Henry H: II, 334, 335

Siksika : see Blackfeet

Simon, : Notidas historiales, etc., I, 143, footnote

Sinago [Cinago, Cinagots], (Ottawa subtribe) : I, 281, 282, footnote, II, 51; refuse to hear envoy, I, 234; speech addressed to, II, 76-78

Sinagos (Ottawa chief) : accompanies Sioux captive home, I, 182 ; Sioux sing calumet to, 182, 186; receives Sioux chief, 188 ; influenced by Otta- wa gift, 188; punished for treach- ery, 190

Sinclair, A. T: work cited, II, 306

Siouan family: brief account, I, 277, footnote; location, 277-278, footnote; division into groups, 278, footnote

Sioux [Nadouessi, Scioux] : see Dakota

Sisseton [Scissiton], (Dakota tribe) : II, 184

Skidi [Loups] : II, 25, 59, 82, 88 ; mar- riage, I, 64; marriage relations, 66, footnote; trade with English, II, 81 ;

taken captive, 85 ; dissuade Miama from joining Perrot, I, 245 ; per- suade tribes to desist from going against Iroquois, II, 20 Skins: I, 114, 283, II, 185, footnote, 277; good quality, I, 114; women dress, 75, II, 166 and footnote, 217; process of making robes, 149, foot- note; painted, I, 52-53, footnote; bought with brandy, 209, footnote ; increased demand, 174, footnote ; thrown away, 176 ; coureur de bois covet, 264; as gift, 76, 134, 333, 346; trade, 228-229 and footnote; value, 108-109, 203, 259, footnote, II, 151, 166, footnote; as sacrifice, I, 60; uses, 50, footnote, 75, footnote, 104, footnote, 123, footnote, 161, footnote, 166, footnote, 171, footnote, 205 and footnote. Enumerated bear, II, 86, 98, 151 ; beaver, I, 230, footnote, 259 ; footnote, 307, 332, 336, 343, II, 18, 20, 25, 26, 30, 56, 57, 61, 62, 83, 89, 150, 151, 166, footnote; birds, I, 50-51; buffalo, 50, 368, II, 166, footnote, 173 ; deer, I, 60, II, 151, 166, footnote; elk, I, 60, II, 166, footnote; marten, I, 108-109, II, 231; mink, 151, 231; moose, I, 60; muskrat, II, 151 ; otter,

I, 50, footnote, 337, II, 87, 150, 231; ox, I, 326 ; rabbit, 50, footnote ; snakes, 51, II, 87; wildcat, 151

Slavery: II, 37-38, footnote; captives reduced to, I, 190, footnote, 306, II, 48, footnote; aid to women, 217, footnote; woman rescued from, 114; savages fear French will reduce them to, I, 351-352; Ottawa fear being reduced to, II, 24; Sioux pre- fers death to, 31. Slaves I, 333,

II, 17, 92, 99, 131; English sell Indians, I, 267 and footnote ; buying and selling of slaves, II, 197; earn freedom, 197 ; Iowa woman and children, 89 ; Iroquois, 47 ; Osage, 108 ; Miami escape, 26; daughter of Chippewa chief held as, I, 358-362;

tattooing to distinguish, 325, foot- note ; in after-world, II, 173; treat- ment, 83; returned, I, 190, II, 54; Foxes plan to return Dakota, 117; French seek to redeem, 97 ; status, 38, footnote; see Captives Smith, Capt. John: I, 119, footnote Smith, Erminnie A: II, 342 Smith, Gen. Thomas A: Letters, etc.,

II, 34

Smith, Harlan I: work cited, II, 305 Smith, John Y: work cited, II, 350 Smithsonian Institution: publications, II. 343

Smohalla (founder of Shaker sect of Pacific coast) : II, 270, 273

Snakes: skins in medicine pouch, I, 51 ; Indians fear, II, 228

Society for propagating Christian knowledge: II, 139, footnote

Sokoki (tribe) : I, 365, II, 14, 20, 25, 55, footnote; account, I, 364, foot- note; appease French, 366

Sommervogel, : Bibliotheque de la Compagnie de Jesus, cited, I, 30, footnote

Songs: of alliance, II, 31; calumet, I, 182-186, 313, 327-328, 329, 369-370, II, 31, 78, 100; dance, 161, footnote; death, I, 59, 79, II, 14, 84, 93, 99; medicine, 277; peace, I, 196; war, 55-58, 338, 339, II, 120, 195; of cap- tives, I, 158, II, 39; of mothers, I, 77-78 ; medicine-man, 77 ; mourning, 79; of slaves, II, 37, 47; of cere- mony, I, 325, footnote; in sacrifice, 61, footnote; at feast, 127, footnote, 337-339; to personal divinity, 52-53; during adoption ceremony, 84; sa- cred, II, 282; personal ownership,

I, 57, II, 207, footnote; collections, II, 310, 315, 316, 320

Sorel, M. de (commander-in-chief ) : I, 201

Sorel River: I, 195 Soto, Hernando de: I, 223, footnote South America: I, 51, footnote

South Carolina: I, 46, footnote, 81, foot- note, 267, footnote, 277, footnote, 278, footnote, 335, II, 356

South Dakota: I, 81, footnote, 289, footnote; Pine Ridge agency, II, 284, 286. City - Pierre, I, 289, footnote

South Dakota Historical Society: II, 340; Collections, 343

South Dakotan: II, 340

Southern States: I, 324, footnote, II, 152, footnote

Spain: I, 25

Spaniards: I, 364, II, 199, footnote, 277

Speeches: of Frontenac, I, 269, foot- note; of Perrot, 311-313, 330, 354-
355, 359, II, 40, 58-59, 72-73, 76-78, 98-99 ; of Frenchman, 23 ; of Indian, I, 49-5 o , I 39" I 4; of Fx chief, II, 61-62; of Miami, 13-15, 58; pro- posed to Ottawa, I, 268-272 ; of Winnebago orator, 208-209, footnote Spencer, F. C: I, 325, footnote Spofford, Ainsworth R: II, 305 Squier, E. G: work cited, II, 343, 344 Starkey, Dan B : work cited, II, 337 Starr, Frederick: work cited, II, 344 Stearns, Robert E. C: II, 185, footnote; work cited, 344

Stejneger, Leonhard: I, 114, footnote Stevens, Frank E: I, 21, II, 348; work cited, 344

Stevenson, J: I, 325, footnote Stevenson, M. C: I, 325, footnote Steward, John F : work cited, II, 344 Stickney, Gardner P: I, 21, 104, foot- note, II, 256; work cited, 337, 344 Stites, Sara H: work cited, II, 344 Stockbridge (tribe of Mahican con- federacy) : II, 306, 333 ; mission to,
351

Stone: primitive uses, I, 318, footnote Stout, Arlow B: I, 97, footnote, 116, footnote, 117, footnote, 118, footnote Straits of Mackinaw: I, 291, footnote Strang, W. B : II, 200, footnote Stratagem: spies make pretext of trad- ing, I, 245; of Le Baron, II, 132;

of French, 33; of Ottawa, 54; of Sioux, I, 1 68; see Treachery

Strong, M. M: work cited, II, 350

Stucki, Rev. J: II, 284; article, 297-298

Sturgeon: tribal name, II, 163, 190, 191, footnote

Sturgeon: I, 60, footnote, 90, 280, 304, 305, 314; insignia of family, 347

131, 304 and footnote, 366-367, II, 262; bears, I, 126-131; beaver, 104- 106, 365, 368-369; buffalo, 119-126; caribou, 106-107 ; moose, 107-108 ; products, 109; martial law, II, 163- 164, 258; weapons and tools, I, 331; return, II, 227 ; soldiers accompany Iroquois, I, 204; origin, 38; boys learn, 78, II, 165 ; ceremony attend- ing hunts, 262; expedition, I, 43-45; traders dependant on, 227, footnote; influence of dreams, 51, footnote; see Game animals, also names of various great game animals. Man- ufacturingI, 75, footnote, 368, footnote, II, 149, footnote, 152-153, 217 and footnote; use of awl, I, 77, footnote; bark, 80, footnote; beads, 331, footnote; belts, II, 185; buckler, I, 126 ; nets, 276, footnotes ; pottery, 323-324; snow-shoe, 39, footnote; preparing hides, 126. Mining II, 153. See Implements; Weapons

LODGES I, 278, footnote, II, 227- 228, 261 ; described, I, 161, footnote 405

tattooing to distinguish, 325, foot- note ; in after-world, II, 173; treat- ment, 83; returned, I, 190, II, 54; Foxes plan to return Dakota, 117; French seek to redeem, 97 ; status, 38, footnote; see Captives Smith, Capt. John: I, 119, footnote Smith, Erminnie A: II, 342 Smith, Gen. Thomas A: Letters, etc.,
II, 34

Smith, Harlan I: work cited, II, 305 Smith, John Y: work cited, II, 350 Smithsonian Institution: publications, II. 343

Smohalla (founder of Shaker sect of Pacific coast) : II, 270, 273

Snakes: skins in medicine pouch, I, 51 ; Indians fear, II, 228

Society for propagating Christian knowledge: II, 139, footnote

Sokoki (tribe) : I, 365, II, 14, 20, 25, 55, footnote; account, I, 364, foot- note; appease French, 366

Sommervogel, : Bibliotheque de la Compagnie de Jesus, cited, I, 30, footnote

Songs: of alliance, II, 31; calumet, I, 182-186, 313, 327-328, 329, 369-370, II, 31, 78, 100; dance, 161, footnote; death, I, 59, 79, II, 14, 84, 93, 99; medicine, 277; peace, I, 196; war, 55-58, 338, 339, II, 120, 195; of cap- tives, I, 158, II, 39; of mothers, I, 77-78 ; medicine-man, 77 ; mourning, 79; of slaves, II, 37, 47; of cere- mony, I, 325, footnote; in sacrifice, 61, footnote; at feast, 127, footnote, 337-339; to personal divinity, 52-53; during adoption ceremony, 84; sa- cred, II, 282; personal ownership,
I, 57, II, 207, footnote; collections,
II, 310, 315, 316, 320

Sorel, M. de (commander-in-chief ) : I, 201

Stejneger, Leonhard: I, 114, footnote Stevens, Frank E: I, 21, II, 348; work cited, 344

Stevenson, J: I, 325, footnote Stevenson, M. C: I, 325, footnote Steward, John F : work cited, II, 344 Stickney, Gardner P: I, 21, 104, foot- note, II, 256; work cited, 337, 344 Stites, Sara H: work cited, II, 344 Stockbridge (tribe of Mahican con- federacy) : II, 306, 333 ; mission to, 351

Stone: primitive uses, I, 318, footnote Stout, Arlow B: I, 97, footnote, 116, footnote, 117, footnote, 118, footnote Straits of Mackinaw: I, 291, footnote Strang, W. B : II, 200, footnote Stratagem: spies make pretext of trad- ing, I, 245; of Le Baron, II, 132
of French, 33; of Ottawa, 54; of Sioux, I, 1 68; see Treachery

Strong, M. M: work cited, II, 350

Stucki, Rev. J: II, 284; article, 297-298

Sturgeon: tribal name, II, 163, 190, 191, footnote

Sturgeon: I, 60, footnote, 90, 280, 304, 305, 314; insignia of family, 347

Sturtevant, Lewis: work cited, II, 344

Stuve, Bernard: see Davidson, Alex- ander

Sucker, tribal name, II, 163

Sun: recognized as divinity, I, 48; worshipped, 60 and footnote, 163, 185, footnote, II, 291 ; feast to, I, 76 ; calumet gift from, 186

Surgery: II, 219

Susquehanna River: I, 336, footnote, II, in, footnote, 355

Swan: name of Sauk clan, II, 191 and footnote; name of Fox clan, 192

Swans: I, 114 and footnote

Swanton, John R: quoted in footnotes,
I, 62, 277-278, II, 47-49, 68-69, 107- 108, 108, 167-168, 169, 172, 211, 257- 259

Sweat-house:!, 133, footnote, 139 Sweating: I, 132-133 and footnote

TABOO [tabu] : II, 170-172, footnote, 266-267

Tahartakout (Iroquois) : II, 136 Tailhan, Jules, S. J: I, 18, 23, 27, foot- note, 76, footnote, 117, footnote, 118, footnote, 167, footnote, 198, footnote,
II, 247, 249, 302 ; quoted in foot- notes on following pages, I, 31, 37,
40-41, 42, 46, 47-48, 5 1 53, 54, 57, 5^, 59-60, 63, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 74, 76, 83, 85, 87, 89, 92, 99, 101, 103, 106- 107, 109, 113, 114, 116, 119, 124, 125, 127, 129, 132, 133, 136, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145-146, 147, 148, 150, 153, 154, 155-156, 157, 158, 159-160, 162, 163, 164-165, 168, 169, 170-171, 176, 181, 182, 190-191, 194, 200, 208-210, 211, 214, 217, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226, 228-229, 232, 233, 237, 238, 242, 243, 243-244, 245, 246, 250, 252-253, 256, 257, 258, 258-259, 261-262, 262-263, 264, 267, 268, 269, 269-270, 27i;

brief account, 30, footnote; preface to Perrot's Memoirs, 25-30; editorial value of work, 15-16; treatment of Memoirs, 29 ; tribute to scholarship, 31, footnote

Taliaferro, Lawrence: II, 334

Talon [Jason], (chief) : II, 80, 81

Talon, M. de: I, 222, footnote; ar- rives in Quebec, 220; desires to take possession of Ottawa country, 343 ; desires discovery of Southern Sea, 348

Tamaroa [Tamarois, Tamarohas, Tamorois], (tribe of Illinois confed- eracy) : I, 155, footnote, 295, foot- note, II, 200-201

Tanner, John: captured and adopted, II, 37, footnote; work on, 344

Tasse, Joseph: work cited, II, 350

Tattooing: see Pictography

Tavibo (Paiute) : II, 273

Tawiscaron (son of Ataentsic) : I, 40, footnote, II, 271, 272

Taylor, Edward L: work cited, II, 345

Taylor County (Wis.) : I, 268, foot- note

Tchakabesch (mythical character) : I, 37, footnote

Tecumseh [Tecumtha, Tikamthi], (Shawnee chief) : I, 288, footnote, 301, footnote, II, 273, footnote, 274, 306, 350; opposed to whites, 278- 279; account, 278-279, footnote; documents relating to, 345

Teharonhiawagon [Te'horo n 'hiawa'k 1 - ho"], Iroquois deity) : I, 284, foot- note, II, 271-272

Tekaneot (Iroquois) : II, 136

Tennessee: I, 335, footnote, II, 356. City Nashville, I, 336, footnote

Tennessee River: I, 336, footnote

Tenskwatawa [The Prophet], (brother of Tecumseh) : I, 288, footnote, II,

270, 273-281 ; account, 273-274, foot- note ; extent of influence, 278 ; regu- lations, 274-278 ; illustration, 275

Terry, F. T: work cited, II, 337

Tetes de Boule [Gens de Terre] : be- lieve Nipissing, I, 340-341

Tetinchoua (chief of Miami) : I, 223 and footnote

Teton Sioux (division of Dakotas) : location, II, 356

Texas: I, 122, footnote, 211, footnote, 243, 301, footnote, II, 282

Thames River (Ont.) : II, 279, foot- note

Thebaud, Father: I, 155, footnote

Therapeutic Gazette: II, 335

Thomas, Cyrus: quoted in footnotes on following pages, I, 43, 82, 108, 279-280, 288, 291, 294, 296, 316-317, 330, 364. 367-368, II, 54-55, 116- 117, 151-152; work cited, 309, 343

Thomas, Wm. I : work cited, II, 345

Three Rivers (Que.) : I, 42, 148, foot- note, 151, 157, 158, 165, footnote, 176, 192, 194, 339, footnote, II, 80; missionary at, I, 171, footnote; trade with savages, 228

Thwaites, Reuben Gold: I, 21, II, 59, footnote, 321, 323, 329, 349, 351; works cited, 146, footnote, 328, 330, 345-346

Thunder: tribal name, II, 163, 191 and footnote, 192

Thunder Bay (Chippewa village) : I, 148, 149, footnote, II, 355

Tionontati [Tionnontate Hurons], (tribe) : I, 27 ; later known as Wyan- dot, II, 184, footnote

Tioskatin (Sioux chief) : II, 136

Tippecanoe: account, II, 279, foot- note; battle, I, 288, footnote, II, 273, 279, footnote

Tippecanoe River: II, 273, 279, foot- note

Tobacco: I, 74, II, 19, 76, 161, 182, 195; consoler, I, 137; cultivation, II, 184, footnote; sent from one nation

to another, 238-239 ; kept near grave of dead, 209 ; significance of smok- ing, I, 361, footnote; used in feast, 49; in fast, 51; ceremonial use, 182- 183, footnote, 309; used in invoca- tion, 60; offering, II, 223, 228; sac- rifice, I, 61, footnote, 62 and foot- note; as gift, I, 196, 238, footnote, 321, 362, 363, 365, II, 19, 50, 52, 57, 60, 77, 100, 112, 170; consecrated, 170; name given to tribe, I, 257, footnote

Tokala (character in book) : II, 287

Tomahawk: see Weapons

Tonty, Henry de: I, 243, footnote, 250, 351, footnote; work on, cited, II, 337

Toronto [Taronto], (Ont.) : I, 43

Torture: self-inflicted, I, 51, footnote; see Captives

Totem: I, 320, footnote, II, 259-260, 269 ; clans own distinctive, 257 ; so- cial aspect, 260

Tounika: see Tunica

Tracy, M. de: I, 147 and footnote, 198, 200, 306; receives ambassador, 201

Trade: see Economic Conditions

Trading companies: I, 27, footnote; see Hudson Bay Company

Transportation: I, 351, II, 199, foot- note ; among Siouan tribes, 278, footnote; by water, 228-229, footnote

Treachery: I, 262, footnote, 267, 359, II, 255; of various tribes against French, 17-18; of Chippewa, I, 358; Foxes, 245-249; Hurons, 252-257, 283 ; Iroquois, 191, 196, 350-351, 354; Kickapoo, 245-249; Mascou- tens, 245-249 ; Menominee, 306 ; Mi- ami, II, 130; Ottawa, I, 152-153, 258-263, 262, footnote, II, 51-53; Winnebago, 295-299; of freed cap- tive, I, 187; regarding calumet, 186; cause, 259, footnote; punishment ad- ministered, 190

Treaties: I, 241, footnote, II, 96, foot- note, 142, footnote, 327; of 1804, I,
292, footnote, II, 181-182, footnote, 193, footnote, 2n, footnote; Chica- go, I, 281, footnote; Fond du Lac, II, 331; Greenville, 349; Butte des Morts, I, 289, footnote, II, 157, foot- note ; Utrecht, 301 ; with Chippewa, 347; between Sioux and Chippewa, 205 ; between Iroquois and Algon- kin, I, 191, 194; between Ottawa and Iroquois, 152; merchants dis- regard, 261

Tripe de roche: I, 102-103, I02 foot- note

Trout: name of Sauk clan, II, 191, footnote

Trout: I, 282, footnote; September named for, II, 116

Tsimshian (most important division of Chimmesyan family) : II, 265

Tunica [Tounika] : I, 76, footnote

Turkey (birds) : I, 114, II, 291 ; trans- migration of souls into, 175

Turner, A. J: work cited, II, 351

Turner, F. J: II, 151, footnote

Turner, Frederick J: I, 21; works cited, II, 347, 351

Turquoise: I, 363 and footnote

Turtle: in creation myth, I, 40, foot- note

Turtle Mountains: II, 355

Tuscarora: II, in, footnote; adoption by Seneca, 37, footnote

Tutelo (Siouan tribe) : I, 277, footnote, 278, footnote

Ty-ee-ma (Sauk chief) : II, 154

Tylor, Edward B: quoted, I, 60-61, footnote ; work cited, II, 347

UNITED STATES: II, 179, 218, 274, 302, 305, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 39, 75, no, 114, 171, 233, 289, 294, 301, 303, II, 26, 108, 139, 166, 199, 228, 229, 230, 241, 279, 280, 281 ; compels migration, I, 289, foot- note; pays annuities, II, 181, foot- note; fraudulent possession of terri- tory, I, 155-156, footnote; aids Margry, 30, footnote ; prohibits sale of liquor, II, 150, footnote; helps In- dians, I, 20; suggestions for ad- vancement of Indians, II, 179-180; attempts to be fair to Indians, 297; pottery, I, 323, footnote; number of buffalo in, 123, footnote; quashes In- dian war, II, 184; opposed to war, 199; compels peace, 204; attempts peace between Sioux and Chippewa, 205 ; relations with Pawnees, I, 125, footnote; recommended attitude to- ward Sauk, II, 141, footnote; De- partment of Interior, 347 ; see Black Hawk War, Lands ceded

United States Catholic Historical Magazine: II, 149, footnote

United States National Museum Pro- ceedings: I, 275, footnote; Reports,

II, 349 Upham, Warren: work cited, II, 304, 347

VACA, CABEZA DE : I, 122, footnote

Van Quickemborne, Father: quoted, I, 124, footnote

Vaudreuil, Marquis de: I, 257, foot- note, 262, footnote, 266, II, 255

Vengeance: I, 138, 142-144, 146, 269, 270, 271, 333, II, 89; desired, I, 359; promised, II, 41, 50; duty, I, 320, footnote; to arrest, 139; forbid- den, 312; delayed, II, 99; laid aside, I, 137; taken, 137; calumet arrests, 186; torture, 142-143, footnote; de- mand, 140-141 ; for crime, 146, foot- note; for assassination, II, 65; de- sired for massacre of Illinois, I, 299 ; for murder of Pontiac, 296, footnote; on French, II, 112; Mascoutens seek, 97; Dakota fears, 118; Hurons plan, I, 166; Iroquois on Algonkins, 46; Miami and Dakota plan, II, 103 ; Miami plan on French, 13, 120, 126; Ottawa desire, I, 357; of Pota- watomi, 310; Winnebago take, 295- 296, 299-300

Vermillion [Vermilion] River: II, 119, footnote, 120, footnote

Verwyst, Chrysostomus: works cited, II, 347, 351

Vices: ambition, I, 141-142, 263-268; bribery, 144, footnote; exaggeration, II, 286 ; gambling, I, 96, 97, 99-102, 102, footnote, II, 231; intemperance,

I, 204, 208, 208-209, footnote, 229, footnote, 251, 267, 291, footnote, 296, footnote, II, 201, 203, footnote, 218, 237, footnote, 255, 274, 286, 288, 297, 314; quarrels, I, 136-137, 319-321,

II, 288 ; self-interest, I, 144-145 ; vainglory, 141-142, 143, 263-268

Villiers [Villeraye], M. de: I, 231, II, 253

Vlreton: I, 38, footnote

Virginia: II, 229, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 46, 81, 226, 262, 267, 277, 278, 328, II, 189, 240. City - Charlottesville, II, 146, foot- note

Vivier, Father: I, 124, footnote

WAA-CAL-LA-QUA-UC (Sauk leader) : II, 193

Wabash River: II, 199, 201, 204, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 301, 302, 316, 329, II, 119, 120, 279

Wab-be-we-sian (Sauk Indian): II, 211

Wabosso (Potawatomi mythical be* ing) : I, 284, footnote

Wah-bal-lo [Waa-pa-laa, Wah-bal-lo, Wapello, Waupella], (Fox chief): II, 155; questioned, 142; illustra- tion, 143

Wakanda: see Manito

Wake, C. Staniland: II, 304

Wakefield, John A: work cited, II, 348

Walker, Francis A : II, 348 Walker, J. R: work cited, II, 305 Walpole Island (Ottawa village) : I,

303, footnote, II, 356 Wampum: I, 152, footnote, 174, foot-

note, 331, footnote, II, 231; belts, 95,
161, 162, 185, 188, 189, footnote, 196, 205, 237, 238-239

Wapsipinica River: II, 148 and foot- note

War: I, 59, 279, 281, footnote, 336, foot- note; customs, II, 125, 157-158, 161-

162, 192-204, 335; preparation, 157- 158, 161-162, 194-195; feasts, I, 50- 59; sacrifices, 62, footnote; rumors, 124, footnote; affected by omens, II, 226, footnote; bad omens, I, 237-238 ; influence of dreams, 51, footnote; military reception, II, 22 ; celebra- tion of victory, 158-161; war party described, 356-357; leadership, 258; defence on march, I, 125 ; avoided, II, 280; causes, I, 45-46, 65, 137, 140, 144, II, 198; desired, 198; com- mencement, I, 41-47 ; encampment, II, 195-196; impossible to make peace, 204-205 ; tomahawk, symbol of, I, 233, 234; French may expect, 260; Frenchman prevents, 355-356; Indian, 268-271, 281, footnote, 316, footnote; Creek, II, 273, footnote; between Sioux, Chippewa, and Foxes, I, 244, footnote; Huron plan against Sioux, 166; desired with Iro- quois, 231, 232; refuse to make with Iroquois, 231, 233; with Iroquois, discontinued, 242 ; with Iroquois, 232-243, 262, footnote, II, 91, 102, 108, 136, 254-255; between Iroquois and Algonkin, I, 47, footnote, 190- 203 ; between Chippewa and Iro- quois, 180-181, 280-281; between Iroquois and Illinois, 154-157, 269, footnote; between Iroquois and Mi- ami, II, 54; between Iroquois and Ottawa, I, 151-152; between Iro- quois, Conestoga, and Shawnee, 226- 232; Sauk and Fox, II, 183-184, 204- 205; between Illinois and Foxes, I, 227; frequent Fox, 288, footnote, 294, footnote; Foxes fear, 362; fre- quent among Menominee, 292, foot-
note; Seneca slow to abolish, 240, footnote; Illinois refrain from, 350- 351 ; Ottawa plan against Sioux, 188-189; Ottawa continue, 252, II, 36; Ottawa persuaded, I, 250; be- tween Potawatomi and Menominee, 310; between Sioux and Cree, 170; see Black Hawk War, Conspiracy, Weapons

War of 1812: II, 336, 342, 350, 351, and in footnotes on following pages, I, 288, 301, 316, II, 151, 189, 211,
245, 273. 279 Warren, Wm. H: work cited, II, 334, 348

Washington, D.C: I, 225, footnote, 289, footnote, II, 193, footnote, 198, footnote, 281, footnote

Washington, George: II, 150, footnote

Waupaca County (Wis.) : I, 317, foot- note

Wea [Oiiaoiiiartanons, Ouaouyarta- nons], (Miami subtribe) : I, 296, footnote, 316, footnote, 317, footnote,
II, 67 and footnote, 119, footnote, 120, footnote, 129, 130, 201; receive annuity, 181, footnote

Wealth: see Economic conditions Weapons: I, 311, II, 62, 73, 206, foot- note, 207, footnote, 209, 221, 261 ; deprived of, I, 120; placed on graves, 89 ; left with dead, 81 ; bow and arrows, no, 138, 161, footnote, 180, 281, 321, 325, 344, II, 17, foot- note, 20, 58, 77, 133, 164, 277; buck- lers, I, 126; clubs, 126, 181, 191, X 94 X 95 209, footnote, 259, footnote, 319, 325, 344, 345, 365, H, 17 and footnote, 20, 21, 29, 35, 37, 58, 64, 67, 85, 102, 118, 122, 133, 356; dagger, I, 352, II, 63; guns, I, 97, no, 163, 189, 214, 238, 239, 246, 249, 259, footnote, 277, footnote, 307, 311, 312, 315, 330, 334, 342, 344, 345, H, 18, 19, 27, 28, 50, 56, 60, 89, 164, 176, 196, 203, footnote, 227, 236, 356; hatchet, I, 293, 307, 312, 319, 338,
365, II, 16, 36, 55, 64, 77, 89, 91, 173 ; knives, I, 209, footnote, 293, 307, II, 77, 93, *73, 356; lance, 17, foot- note, 357; quivers, I, 344; spears, II, 356; sword, I, 214, 217, 342, 354, II, 55; tomahawk, I, 233 and foot- note, 234, 239, 281, II, 1 80, footnote, 239

Webb, J. Watson: work cited, II, 348 Webster, Hutton:'work cited, II, 348 Weiser, Conrad: Journal, II, 346 Wentworth, Thomas P: II, 306 West Indies: I, 259, footnote, 324, foot- note, II, 38, footnote Westropp, Henry I : II, 284 ; article on
Sioux, 284-286

White, E. E : work cited, II, 348 Whitefish: I, 179, 275, footnote, 276, 282, footnote, 304; October named for, II, 116

Whites: see Americans; British; Euro- peans; French; Interracial relations Whittlesey, Charles: work cited, II, 343, 350

Wight, W. W: work cited, II, 337 Wild-cats: I, 113

Wilkinson, James: II, 279, footnote Williams, Eleazer: work on, cited, II, 337

Williams, John R: II, 310 Williamson, Thomas S: II, 340 Willoughby, C. C: work cited, II, 305 Wilson, Daniel: work cited, II, 348 Wilson, Frazer E: work cited, II, 349 Wilson, Thomas: works cited, II, 343, 349

Winnebago [Ho-tcan-ga-ra, Ochun- gara, Otchagra, Ouenibegons, Ouini- pegous, Ouinipigou, Ouinipegs], (Siouan tribe) : I, 18, 288, 306, 310, 312, 317, 366, II, 20, 76, 78, 82, 83, 229, 247, and in footnotes on follow- ing pages, I, 50, 89, 149, 162, 165, 277, 278, 302, 303, 321, 367, 371, II, 199, 2ii ; source of name, I, 288- 289, footnote; location, II, 356; characteristics, I, 293, 300-301, II,

297, 298 ; traditions show outside influence, I, 41, footnote; attend council, 223 ; take unjust vengeance, 295-296 ; illustration of wigwams, 297; migrate to island, 299; chiefs plot to save French, II, 54-55, 56; wish to avenge Perrot, 85 ; inter- tribal troubles, I, 293-295 ; remarks of orator, 209-210, footnote; consent to general assembly, 343 ; account of mescal-eaters, II, 281-283

Winnebago County (Wis.) : I, 323, footnote

Winsor, Justin: works cited, II, 349

Wirth, : II, 302

Wisconsin [Ouisconching, Ouisken- sing, Ouiskonch] : I, 16, 119, 200, II, 59, 123, 250, 287, 292, 293, 306, 307, 337, 355, and in footnotes on follow- ing pages, I, 81, 103, 117, 149, 155, 165, 171, 225, 257, 268, 279, 281, 288, 289, 292, 295, 301, 302, 303, 316, 329, 364, II, 120, 151, 217; French posts, I,2 7 .

CITIES Bayfield, II, 77, footnote; Beloit, 304; Berlin, I, 323, foot- note; Black River Falls, II, 284, 298; Corning, I, 323, footnote; De- pere, II, 57, footnote, 356; La Pointe, 77, footnote, 293 ; Madison, I, 21, II, 57, footnote; Manawa, I, 317, foot- note; Menasha, 294, footnote; Mil- waukee [Milwahkee], 21, 150, foot- note, II, 146 and footnote; Mukwa, I. 3*7> footnote; Neenah, 294, foot- note; New London, 317, footnote; Oneida, 21; Oshkosh, II, 157, foot- note; Portage, 30; Prairie du Chien, I, 294, footnote, II, 147, 177 and foot- note, 205, 321 ; Rushford, I, 323, footnote; St. Francis, II, 284; St Michael, I, 278, footnote; Trem- pealeau, 246, footnote, II, 70, foot- note.

COUNTIES Adams, I, 289, foot- note; Ashland, 279, footnote, II, 76, footnote; Bayfield, I, 279, foot-

note; Columbia, 323, footnote; Douglas, 279, footnote; Green Lake, 323, footnote, II, 227, footnote; Jack- son, I, 289, footnote; Marathon, 289, footnote; Shawano, 289, footnote, 291, footnote; Waupaca, 317, foot- note; Winnebago, 323, footnote

Wisconsin Archeologist: I, 289, foot- note, II, 152, footnote

Wisconsin [Ouisconching, Ouisconk, Ouiskonche] River: I, 115, 244, foot- note, 245, footnote, 277, footnote, 294, footnote, II, 30, 34, 60, 66, 117, 123, 146, 201, 202, 303, 356

Wisconsin State Historical Museum: I, 50, footnote

Wisconsin State Historical Society: I, 14, II, 245, 308, 313, 320, 333, 334, 345. 349J Collections, II, 245, 293, 302, 306, 321, 332, 333, 334, 346, 347, 349-350, and in footnotes on follow- ing pages, I, 21, 89, 168, 185, 246, 289, 323, II, 47, 57, 59, 66, 142, 151, 152, 153, 177. 2ii ; Proceedings, 35, 152, footnote, 311; Transactions, I, 279, footnote

Wissler, Clark: work cited, II, 305

Witherell, B. P. H : Reminiscences, II, 350

Wolf: tribal name, II, 163, 191 and footnote, 192

Wolf River: I, 291, footnote, 294, foot- note, II, 252

Wolves: I, 114

Women: creation belief, I, 39; duties, 40, 70, 75-76, II, 151, 152, footnote, 152-153, 164, 165, 212, 217 and foot- note, 236; prerogatives, 217, foot- note, 218; conduct toward girls at puberty, 172, footnote; customs fol- lowing marriage, 166; special cus- toms, 170-172; sterility, 216; fer- tility, 37, footnote, 237, footnote, 286; child bearing, 216; customs re- garding widows, 207; rights, I, 320, footnote; privileges, II, 259; con- duct, 288; descent through, I, 320,

footnote; property belongs to, II, 261; status, 32, 215, 217, footnote; modesty of Sioux, 284; potters, I, 324, footnote; embroider, 327, foot- note; punish sentinels for neglect of duty, II, 186, 187; kill captives, 202; play dice, I, 102; slaves become free through marriage, II, 197; pro- tected on march, I, 125 ; Huron warns Iroquois, 153; Winnebago, 299-300; see Courtship, Marriage

Wood, John J: work cited, II, 351

Wood, Norman B: work cited, II, 351

Woodbridge, Wm: II, 310

Woodchucks: I, 49, footnote

Wovoka [Jack Wilson], (Paiute pro- phet of ghost dance) : II, 273

Wyandot: see Hurons

Wyoming Valley: I, 336, footnote

YANKTON [Yancton], (Dakota group) :

II, 184 Yanktonai [Yankton Sioux], (Dakota subtribe) : I, 364, footnote; location, n, 356

Yarrow, H. C: work cited, I, 82, foot- note, II, 352

Young, Egerton R: work cited, II, 352 Yucatan: I, 324, footnote, II, 268

ZITKALA-SA: II, 352

Zuni (tribe) : II, 229, footnote