Publisher Description

A solid, quantitative, practical introduction to a wide range
of renewable energy systems in a completely updated, new
edition


The second edition of Renewable and Efficient Electric Power
Systems provides a solid, quantitative, practical introduction
to a wide range of renewable energy systems. For each topic,
essential theoretical background is introduced, practical
engineering considerations associated with designing systems and
predicting their performance are provided, and methods for
evaluating the economics of these systems are presented. While the
book focuses on the fastest growing, most promising wind and solar
technologies, new material on tidal and wave power, small-scale
hydroelectric power, geothermal and biomass systems is introduced.
Both supply-side and demand-side technologies are blended in the
final chapter, which introduces the emerging smart grid. As the
fraction of our power generated by renewable resources increases,
the role of demand-side management in helping maintain grid balance
is explored.


Renewable energy systems have become mainstream technologies and
are now, literally, big business. Throughout this edition, more
depth has been provided on the financial analysis of large-scale
conventional and renewable energy projects. While grid-connected
systems dominate the market today, off-grid systems are beginning
to have a significant impact on emerging economies where
electricity is a scarce commodity. Considerable attention is paid
to the economics of all of these systems.


This edition has been completely rewritten, updated, and
reorganized. New material has been presented both in the form of
new topics as well as in greater depth in some areas. The section
on the fundamentals of electric power has been enhanced, making
this edition a much better bridge to the more advanced courses in
power that are returning to many electrical engineering programs.
This includes an introduction to phasor notation, more emphasis on
reactive power as well as real power, more on power converter and
inverter electronics, and more material on generator technologies.
Realizing that many students, as well as professionals, in this
increasingly important field may have modest electrical engineering
backgrounds, early chapters develop the skills and knowledge
necessary to understand these important topics without the need for
supplementary materials.


With numerous completely worked examples throughout, the book
has been designed to encourage self-instruction. The book includes
worked examples for virtually every topic that lends itself to
quantitative analysis. Each chapter ends with a problem set that
provides additional practice. This is an essential resource for a
mixed audience of engineering and other technology-focused
individuals.

Back Cover

A solid, quantitative, practical introduction to a wide range of renewable energy systems in a completely updated, new edition The second edition of Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems provides a solid, quantitative, practical introduction to a wide range of renewable energy systems. For each topic, essential theoretical background is introduced, practical engineering considerations associated with designing systems and predicting their performance are provided, and methods for evaluating the economics of these systems are presented. While the book focuses on the fastest growing, most promising wind and solar technologies, new material on tidal and wave power, small-scale hydroelectric power, geothermal and biomass systems is introduced. Both supply-side and demand-side technologies are blended in the final chapter, which introduces the emerging smart grid. As the fraction of our power generated by renewable resources increases, the role of demand-side management in helping maintain grid balance is explored. Renewable energy systems have become mainstream technologies and are now, literally, big business. Throughout this edition, more depth has been provided on the financial analysis of large-scale conventional and renewable energy projects. While grid-connected systems dominate the market today, off-grid systems are beginning to have a significant impact on emerging economies where electricity is a scarce commodity. Considerable attention is paid to the economics of all of these systems. This edition has been completely rewritten, updated, and reorganized. New material has been presented both in the form of new topics as well as in greater depth in some areas. The section on the fundamentals of electric power has been enhanced, making this edition a much better bridge to the more advanced courses in power that are returning to many electrical engineering programs. This includes an introduction to phasor notation, more emphasis on reactive power as well as real power, more on power converter and inverter electronics, and more material on generator technologies. Realizing that many students, as well as professionals, in this increasingly important field may have modest electrical engineering backgrounds, early chapters develop the skills and knowledge necessary to understand these important topics without the need for supplementary materials. With numerous completely worked examples throughout, the book has been designed to encourage self-instruction. The book includes worked examples for virtually every topic that lends itself to quantitative analysis. Each chapter ends with a problem set that provides additional practice. This is an essential resource for a mixed audience of engineering and other technology-focused individuals.

Flap

A solid, quantitative, practical introduction to a wide range of renewable energy systems--in a completely updated, new edition The second edition of Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems provides a solid, quantitative, practical introduction to a wide range of renewable energy systems. For each topic, essential theoretical background is introduced, practical engineering considerations associated with designing systems and predicting their performance are provided, and methods for evaluating the economics of these systems are presented. While the book focuses on the fastest growing, most promising wind and solar technologies, new material on tidal and wave power, small-scale hydroelectric power, geothermal and biomass systems is introduced. Both supply-side and demand-side technologies are blended in the final chapter, which introduces the emerging smart grid. As the fraction of our power generated by renewable resources increases, the role of demand-side management in helping maintain grid balance is explored. Renewable energy systems have become mainstream technologies and are now, literally, big business. Throughout this edition, more depth has been provided on the financial analysis of large-scale conventional and renewable energy projects. While grid-connected systems dominate the market today, off-grid systems are beginning to have a significant impact on emerging economies where electricity is a scarce commodity. Considerable attention is paid to the economics of all of these systems. This edition has been completely rewritten, updated, and reorganized. New material has been presented both in the form of new topics as well as in greater depth in some areas. The section on the fundamentals of electric power has been enhanced, making this edition a much better bridge to the more advanced courses in power that are returning to many electrical engineering programs. This includes an introduction to phasor notation, more emphasis on reactive power as well as real power, more on power converter and inverter electronics, and more material on generator technologies. Realizing that many students, as well as professionals, in this increasingly important field may have modest electrical engineering backgrounds, early chapters develop the skills and knowledge necessary to understand these important topics without the need for supplementary materials. With numerous completely worked examples throughout, the book has been designed to encourage self-instruction. The book includes worked examples for virtually every topic that lends itself to quantitative analysis. Each chapter ends with a problem set that provides additional practice. This is an essential resource for a mixed audience of engineering and other technology-focused individuals.

Author Biography

GILBERT M. MASTERS received his PhD in electrical engineering from Stanford University and has taught courses there for the past twenty-five years on energy and the environment, with an emphasis on efficiency and renewables. He is currently Professor (Emeritus) of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Stanford University and the author of several books on environmental engineering.

Table of Contents

PREFACE xvii
1 THE U.S. ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY 1


1.1 Electromagnetism: The Technology Behind Electric Power 2


1.2 The Early Battle Between Edison and Westinghouse 3


1.3 The Regulatory Side of Electric Utilities 5


1.4 Electricity Infrastructure: The Grid 12


1.5 Electric Power Infrastructure: Generation 25


1.6 Financial Aspects of Conventional Power Plants 38


1.7 Summary 49


References 50


Problems 50


2 BASIC ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC CIRCUITS 56


2.1 Introduction to Electric Circuits 56


2.2 Definitions of Key Electrical Quantities 57


2.3 Idealized Voltage and Current Sources 65


2.4 Electrical Resistance 66


2.5 Capacitance 78


2.6 Magnetic Circuits 81


2.7 Inductance 85


2.8 Transformers 92


Problems 100


3 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC POWER 109


3.1 Effective Values of Voltage and Current 109


3.2 Idealized Components Subjected to Sinusoidal Voltages
113


3.3 Power Factor 125


3.4 Three-Wire, Single-Phase Residential Wiring 131


3.5 Three-Phase Systems 134


3.6 Synchronous Generators 143


3.7 Transmission and Distribution 148


3.8 Power Quality 157


3.9 Power Electronics 166


3.10 Back-to-Back Voltage-Source Converter 177


References 178


Problems 178


4 THE SOLAR RESOURCE 186


4.1 The Solar Spectrum 186


4.2 The Earth?s Orbit 190


4.3 Altitude Angle of the Sun at Solar Noon 193


4.4 Solar Position at Any Time of Day 196


4.5 Sun Path Diagrams for Shading Analysis 200


4.6 Shading Analysis Using Shadow Diagrams 203


4.7 Solar Time and Civil (Clock) Time 206


4.8 Sunrise and Sunset 209


4.9 Clear-Sky Direct-Beam Radiation 210


4.10 Total Clear-Sky Insolation on a Collecting Surface 216


4.11 Monthly Clear-Sky Insolation 227


4.12 Solar Radiation Measurements 233


4.13 Solar Insolation Under Normal Skies 235


4.14 Average Monthly Insolation 238


References 246


Problems 247


5 PHOTOVOLTAIC MATERIALS AND ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
253


5.1 Introduction 253


5.2 Basic Semiconductor Physics 255


5.3 PV Materials 267


5.4 Equivalent Circuits for PV Cells 277


5.5 From Cells to Modules to Arrays 284


5.6 The PV I?V Curve Under Standard Test Conditions
288


5.7 Impacts of Temperature and Insolation on I?V Curves
291


5.8 Shading Impacts on I?V Curves 294


5.9 Maximum Power Point Trackers 301


References 309


Problems 309


6 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS 316


6.1 Introduction 316


6.2 Behind-the-Meter Grid-Connected Systems 317


6.3 Predicting Performance 322


6.4 PV System Economics 338


6.5 Off-Grid PV Systems with Battery Storage 356


6.6 PV-Powered Water Pumping 387


References 399


Problems 400


7 WIND POWER SYSTEMS 410


7.1 Historical Development of Wind Power 410


7.2 Wind Turbine Technology: Rotors 415


7.3 Wind Turbine Technology: Generators 418


7.4 Power in the Wind 424


7.5 Wind Turbine Power Curves 433


7.6 Average Power in the Wind 443


7.7 Estimating Wind Turbine Energy Production 454


7.8 Wind Farms 468


7.9 Wind Turbine Economics 481


7.10 Environmental Impacts of Wind Turbines 489


References 491


Problems 492


8 MORE RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS 498


8.1 Introduction 498


8.2 Concentrating Solar Power Systems 498


8.3 Wave Energy Conversion 521


8.4 Tidal Power 530


8.5 Hydroelectric Power 538


8.6 Pumped-Storage Hydro 550


8.7 Biomass for Electricity 553


8.8 Geothermal Power 555


References 558


Problems 559


9 BOTH SIDES OF THE METER 564


9.1 Introduction 564


9.2 Smart Grid 565


9.3 Electricity Storage 575


9.4 Demand Side Management 580


9.5 Economics of Energy Efficiency 585


9.6 Combined Heat and Power Systems 591


9.7 Cogeneration Technologies 596


9.8 Fuel Cells 602


References 623


Problems 624


APPENDIX A ENERGY ECONOMICS TUTORIAL 629


APPENDIX B USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS 645


APPENDIX C SUN-PATH DIAGRAMS 649


APPENDIX D HOURLY CLEAR-SKY INSOLATION TABLES 653


APPENDIX E MONTHLY CLEAR-SKY INSOLATION TABLES 663


APPENDIX F SHADOW DIAGRAMS 667


APPENDIX G SOLAR INSOLATION TABLES BY CITY 670


INDEX 683

Review

This book is recommended reading to a wide audience, fromengineering students, to working engineers wanting a refresher onrenewable energy, to the lay person wanting to inquire deeper intoelectrical systems. (IEEE Power Electronics SocietyNewsletter, 1 September 2013)

Long Description

A solid, quantitative, practical introduction to a wide range of renewable energy systems in a completely updated, new edition The second edition of Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems provides a solid, quantitative, practical introduction to a wide range of renewable energy systems. For each topic, essential theoretical background is introduced, practical engineering considerations associated with designing systems and predicting their performance are provided, and methods for evaluating the economics of these systems are presented. While the book focuses on the fastest growing, most promising wind and solar technologies, new material on tidal and wave power, small-scale hydroelectric power, geothermal and biomass systems is introduced. Both supply-side and demand-side technologies are blended in the final chapter, which introduces the emerging smart grid. As the fraction of our power generated by renewable resources increases, the role of demand-side management in helping maintain grid balance is explored. Renewable energy systems have become mainstream technologies and are now, literally, big business. Throughout this edition, more depth has been provided on the financial analysis of large-scale conventional and renewable energy projects. While grid-connected systems dominate the market today, off-grid systems are beginning to have a significant impact on emerging economies where electricity is a scarce commodity. Considerable attention is paid to the economics of all of these systems. This edition has been completely rewritten, updated, and reorganized. New material has been presented both in the form of new topics as well as in greater depth in some areas. The section on the fundamentals of electric power has been enhanced, making this edition a much better bridge to the more advanced courses in power that are returning to many electrical engineering programs. This includes an introduction to phasor notation, more emphasis on reactive power as well as real power, more on power converter and inverter electronics, and more material on generator technologies. Realizing that many students, as well as professionals, in this increasingly important field may have modest electrical engineering backgrounds, early chapters develop the skills and knowledge necessary to understand these important topics without the need for supplementary materials. With numerous completely worked examples throughout, the book has been designed to encourage self-instruction. The book includes worked examples for virtually every topic that lends itself to quantitative analysis. Each chapter ends with a problem set that provides additional practice. This is an essential resource for a mixed audience of engineering and other technology-focused individuals.

Review Text

"This book is recommended reading to a wide audience, from engineering students, to working engineers wanting a refresher on renewable energy, to the lay person wanting to inquire deeper into electrical systems." ( IEEE Power Electronics Society Newsletter , 1 September 2013)

Review Quote

"This book is recommended reading to a wide audience, from engineering students, to working engineers wanting a refresher on renewable energy, to the lay person wanting to inquire deeper into electrical systems." ( IEEE Power Electronics Society Newsletter , 1 September 2013)

Details