Author Biography

Frédéric Launay is Associate Professor at LIAS laboratory and a lecturer in networks and telecommunications at the University of Poitiers, France. He leads training on the 4G, 5G, SIP and IMS networks.

André Perez is a consultant as well as a teacher in networks and telecommunications. He works with telecom companies regarding architecture studies and leads training on the 4G and 5G networks for NEXCOM Systems.

Table of Contents

List of Abbreviations xi Introduction xxix Chapter 1. MBB Service – Network Architecture 1 1.1. Initial architecture 1 1.1.1. Functional architecture 1 1.1.2. Protocol architecture 6 1.2. CUPS architecture 13 1.3. Heterogeneous networks 15 1.3.1. HeNB station 16 1.3.2. Relay node 19 1.3.3. RRH module 23 1.3.4. Dual connectivity 25 Chapter 2. MBB Service – Spatial Multiplexing 29 2.1. Multiplexing techniques 29 2.1.1. MIMO mechanism 29 2.1.2. Beamforming 31 2.1.3. Antenna configurations 31 2.2. Antenna ports 33 2.2.1. Downlink 33 2.2.2. Uplink 35 2.3. UCI 36 2.4. Transmission modes 38 2.4.1. Downlink 38 2.4.2. Uplink 41 2.5. FD-MIMO mechanism 41 2.6. eFD-MIMO mechanism 46 Chapter 3. MBB Service – Carrier Aggregation 49 3.1. Functional architecture 49 3.2. LTE aggregation 50 3.2.1. Radio channels 50 3.2.2. PDCCH physical channel 52 3.2.3. MAC layer 54 3.2.4. Mobile categories 54 3.3. LAA aggregation 57 3.3.1. Frame structure 57 3.3.2. Access to the radio channel 60 3.3.3. Discovery reference signal (DRS) 61 3.4. LWA aggregation 62 3.4.1. Protocol architecture 62 3.4.2. Procedures 63 3.5. LWIP aggregation 67 3.5.1. Protocol architecture 67 3.5.2. Tunnel establishment 69 Chapter 4. Wi-Fi Integration – Network Architecture 71 4.1. Functional architecture 71 4.1.1. Architecture based on the S2a interface 71 4.1.2. Architecture based on the S2b interface 74 4.1.3. Architecture based on the S2c interface 76 4.2. Tunnel establishment 78 4.2.1. Architecture based on the S2a interface 78 4.2.2. Architecture based on the S2b interface 82 4.2.3. Architecture based on the S2c interface 83 4.3. DIAMETER protocol 84 4.3.1. AAA server interfaces 85 4.3.2. PCRF interfaces 89 Chapter 5. Wi-Fi Integration – Procedures 91 5.1. Mutual authentication 91 5.1.1. EAP-AKA method 91 5.1.2. Mutual authentication procedure 92 5.1.3. Procedure for rapid renewal of authentication 95 5.1.4. Application to the MIPv4 FA mechanism 96 5.2. SWu tunnel establishment 97 5.2.1. IPSec mechanism 97 5.2.2. SWu tunnel establishment procedure 98 5.2.3. Procedure for rapid renewal of authentication 101 5.3. S2a/S2b tunnel establishment 102 5.3.1. PMIPv6 mechanism 102 5.3.2. GTPv2 mechanism 107 5.3.3. MIPv4 FA mechanism 109 5.4. S2c tunnel establishment 113 5.4.1. Trusted Wi-Fi access 114 5.4.2. Untrusted Wi-Fi access 115 Chapter 6. Wi-Fi Integration – Network Discovery and Selection 117 6.1. Mechanisms defined by 3GPP organization 117 6.1.1. ANDSF function 117 6.1.2. RAN assistance 125 6.2. Mechanisms defined by IEEE and WFA organizations 125 6.2.1. Information elements provided by the beacon 127 6.2.2. Information elements provided by the ANQP server 128 Chapter 7. LLC Service – Proximity Communications 133 7.1. Introduction 133 7.2. Functional architecture 135 7.2.1. D2D communication 135 7.2.2. V2X communication 139 7.3. Direct discovery 141 7.4. Radio interface 142 7.4.1. Radio interface structure 142 7.4.2. Physical resources 145 Chapter 8. LLC Service – Group Communications 151 8.1. Introduction 151 8.2. Transport architecture 152 8.2.1. Functional architecture 152 8.2.2. Protocol architecture 154 8.3. Service architecture 155 8.3.1. Functional architecture 155 8.3.2. Protocol architecture 158 8.4. Radio interface 159 8.4.1. MBSFN-RS 160 8.4.2. PMCH 162 8.4.3. RRC messages 166 8.5. Procedures 170 8.5.1. Mutual authentication. 170 8.5.2. Mobile registration 171 8.5.3. Multicast bearer establishment 172 Chapter 9. LLC Service – GCSE and MCPTT Functions 175 9.1. Introduction 175 9.2. GCSE function 176 9.2.1. Functional architecture 176 9.2.2. Protocol architecture 177 9.3. MCPTT function 178 9.3.1. Functional architecture 178 9.3.2. Protocol architecture 182 9.4. Procedures 186 9.4.1. Group creation 186 9.4.2. Group affiliation 187 9.4.3. Session pre-establishment 188 9.4.4. Group call 190 9.4.5. Private call 191 9.4.6. Floor 194 Chapter 10. MTC Service – Network Architecture 197 10.1. Functional architecture 197 10.1.1. MTC-IWF entity 198 10.1.2. MTC-AAA entity 199 10.1.3. SCEF entity 199 10.1.4. IWF-SCEF entity 200 10.2. Network optimization 200 10.2.1. RRC state Suspend 202 10.2.2. RRC state Resume 203 10.3. Congestion control 204 10.4. Procedures 206 10.4.1. Triggering procedure 206 10.4.2. Group message delivery 207 10.4.3. Event monitoring configuration 209 10.4.4. NIDD transfer 213 Chapter 11. MTC Service – Radio Interfaces 219 11.1. Introduction 219 11.2. Special features 220 11.2.1. PSM feature 220 11.2.2. eDRX feature 221 11.2.3. Coverage extension 221 11.3. LTE-M interface 221 11.3.1. Radio channel 221 11.3.2. Guard time 222 11.3.3. Physical channels 223 11.4. NB-IoT interface 226 11.4.1. Radio channel 226 11.4.2. Resource block 227 11.4.3. Physical signals and channels 228 Chapter 12. MBB Service – 5G Integration 237 12.1. Deployment options 237 12.2. Functional architecture 239 12.3. Protocol architecture 240 12.3.1. Radio interface 240 12.3.2. F1 interface 243 12.4. Procedures 245 12.4.1. Adding a secondary node 245 12.4.2. Changing a secondary node 247 12.4.3. Removing a secondary node 249 12.5. Transmission chain 250 12.5.1. Frequency bands 250 12.5.2. Waveform 251 12.5.3. Time frame 253 12.5.4. Error correction codes 254 12.5.5. Reference signals 254 12.5.6. PSS, SSS and PBCH 254 References 259 Index 265

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