Back Cover

Discover a concise overview of the most common oral diseases in a reader-friendly book Handbook of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine delivers a succinct overview of a range of oral diseases. The book contains up-to-date evidence-based information organized by clinical topic and supported by over 300 clinical, radiological, and microscopic images. Each chapter includes topics following universally respected curricula of oral pathology and oral medicine. Divided into seven parts, it covers core topics such as pathology of teeth, pulp, and supporting structures, pathology of jawbones, pathology of the oral mucosa, pathology of the salivary glands, clinical presentation of mucosal disease, orofacial pain, and miscellaneous topics of clinical relevance. Written for undergraduate dental students, dental hygienists and oral health therapists, Handbook of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine is an ideal quick reference and is also useful to dental educators and practitioners.

Flap

Discover a concise overview of the most common oral diseases in a reader-friendly book Handbook of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine delivers a succinct overview of a range of oral diseases. The book contains up-to-date evidence-based information organized by clinical topic and supported by over 300 clinical, radiological, and microscopic images. Each chapter includes topics following universally respected curricula of oral pathology and oral medicine. Divided into seven parts, it covers core topics such as pathology of teeth, pulp, and supporting structures, pathology of jawbones, pathology of the oral mucosa, pathology of the salivary glands, clinical presentation of mucosal disease, orofacial pain, and miscellaneous topics of clinical relevance. Written for undergraduate dental students, dental hygienists and oral health therapists, Handbook of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine is an ideal quick reference and is also useful to dental educators and practitioners.

Author Biography

S.R. PRABHU is Honorary Associate Professor of Oral Medicine at the School of Dentistry at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. He is a Fellow of Dental Faculty of all four United Kingdom and Ireland based Royal Surgical Colleges. He has taught oral pathology and oral medicine in a number of dental schools internationally, and has authored numerous book chapters, papers and reviews, and edited books.

Table of Contents

Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Standard Abbreviations Terminology used in oral pathology and oral medicine   PART 1. PATHOLOGY OF TEETH AND SUPPORTING STRUCTURES   1. Disorders of tooth development and eruption 1. 1. Anodontia, hypodontia and oligodontia 1. 2. Hyperdontia (supernumerary teeth) 1.3. Microdontia and macrodontia 1.4. Gemination, fusion and concrescence 1.5. Taurodontism and dilaceration 1.6. Amelogenesis imperfecta 1.7. Dentinogenesis imperfecta 1.8. Dentinal dysplasia 1.9. Regional odontodysplasia 1.10. Delayed tooth eruption 1.11. Tooth impaction 1.12. Dens invaginatus and dens evaginatus 1.13. Fluorosis 1.14. Tetracycline induced discolouration of teeth 1.15. Enamel pearl, 1.16. Talon cusp 1.17. Hutchinson's incisors and mulberry molars 1.18. Tooth ankylosis 1.19. Supernumerary roots   2. Dental caries 2.1. Definition/description 2.2. Incidence/prevalence 2.3. Aetiology/risk factors/pathogenesis 2.4. Classification of caries 2.5. Clinical features 2.5.1.      Primary caries 2.5.2.      Secondary caries 2.5.3.      Arrested caries 2.5.4.      Rampant caries 2.5.5.      Early childhood caries 2.5.6.      Methamphetamine-induced caries (MIC) 2.5.7.      Radiation caries 2.6. Differential diagnosis 2.7. Diagnosis 2.8. Microscopic features of enamel caries 2.9. Microscopic features of dentinal carries 2.10.        Management 2.11.        Prevention  

3.      Diseases of the pulp and apical periodontal tissues

Classification of diseases of the pulp and apical periodontal tissues 3.1. Pulpitis 3.2. Apical periodontitis and periapical granuloma 3.3. Apical Abscess 3.4. Condensing osteitis 4. Tooth wear, pathological resorption of teeth, hypercementosis and cracked tooth syndrome 4.1.   Tooth wear: Attrition, Abrasion, Erosion and Abfraction 4.2.   Pathological resorption of teeth 4.3.   Hypercementosis 4.4.   Cracked tooth syndrome   5. Gingival and periodontal diseases. Classification of gingival and periodontal diseases 5.1. Gingivitis: Chronic gingivitis 5.2. Necrotizing periodontal diseases 5.3. Plasma cell gingivitis 5.4. Foreign body gingivitis 5.5. Desquamative gingivitis 5.6. Chronic periodontitis 5.7. Aggressive periodontitis 5.8. Fibrous epulis 5.9. Peripheral ossifying/cementifying fibroma 5.10. Peripheral giant cell granuloma 5.11. Angiogranuloma: Pyogenic granuloma and pregnancy epulis 5.12. Inflammatory gingival hyperplasia 5.13. Generalized gingival hyperplasia in pregnancy 5.14. Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia 5.15. Familial gingival hyperplasia 5.16. Gingival and periodontal abscesses 5.17. Pericoronitis/pericoronal abscess 5.18. Gingival enlargement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis) 5.19. Gingival enlargement in leukaemia 5.20. Gingival enlargement in ascorbic acid deficiency   PART 2. PATHOLOGY OF JAW BONES   6. Infections and necrosis of the jaws 6.1. Acute suppurative osteomyelitis 6.2. Chronic suppurative osteomyelitis 6.3. Sclerosing osteomyelitis 6.4. Proliferative periosteitis (Garre's osteomyelitis) 6.5. Actinomycosis 6.6. Cervicofacial cellulitis (Cervicofacial space infections) 6.7. Osteoradionecrosis of the jaws (ORNJ) 6.8. Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ)   7. Cysts of the jaws 7.1. Radicular cyst, Lateral radicular cyst, and Residual radicular cyst 7.2. Dentigerous cyst 7.3. Eruption cyst 7.4. Odontogenic keratocyst 7.5. Lateral periodontal cyst 7.6. Calcifying odontogenic cyst 7.7. Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst 7.8. Glandular odontogenic cyst 7.9. Nasopalatine duct cyst 7.10. Pseudocysts of the jaws: Solitary bone cyst, Aneurysmal bone cyst, and Stafne's bone cyst 7.11. Nasolabial cyst   8. Odontogenic tumours of the jaws Classification of odontogenic tumours 8.1. Ameloblastoma 8.2. Unicystic ameloblastoma 8.3. Squamous odontogenic tumour 8.4. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour 8.5. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour 8.6. Ameloblastic fibroma 8.7. Ameloblastic fibrodentinoma and ameloblastic fibro-odontome 8.8. Odontome (Odontoma) 8.9. Dentinogenic ghost cell tumour 8.10. Odontogenic myxoma 8.11. Odontogenic fibroma 8.12. Cementoblastoma   9. Non-odontogenic benign and malignant tumours of the jaws 9.1. Osteoma 9.2. Multiple osteomas in Gardner's syndrome 9.3. Central haemangioma 9.4. Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy 9.5. Osteosarcoma 9.6. Chondrosarcoma 9.7. Ewing's sarcoma 9.8. Multiple myeloma 9.9. Solitary plasmacytoma 9.10. Burkitt's lymphoma   10. Fibro-osseous and related lesions of the jaws 10.1. Ossifying fibroma/Cemento-ossifying fibroma 10.2 Cemento-osseous dysplasias: 10.2.1. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia 10.2.2. Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia 10.2.3. Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia 10.2.4. Familial gigantiform cementoma 10.3. Central giant cell granuloma   11. Genetic, metabolic, and other non-neoplastic bone diseases 11.1. Osteogenesis imperfecta 11.2. Cleidocranial dysplasia 11.3. Cherubism 11.4. Gigantism and acromegaly 11.5. Hyperparathyroidism (Brown tumour) 11.6. Paget's disease of bone 11.7. Fibrous dysplasia and McCune Albright syndrome 11.8. Mandibular and palatine tori 11.9. Focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect (FOBMD)   PART 3. PATHOLOGY OF THE ORAL MUCOSA   12. Developmental anomalies and anatomical variants of oral soft tissues 12.1. Fordyce granules 12.2. Double lip 12.3. Leukoedema 12.4. Ankyloglossia 12.5. Geographic tongue 12.6. Hairy tongue 12.7. Fissured tongue 12.8. Lingual thyroid 12.9. Microglossia and macroglossia 12.10. Bifid tongue 12.11. Bifid uvula 12.12. Cleft lip 12.13. Caliber persistent artery 12.14. Epstein pearls and Bohn's nodules 12.15. Dermoid and Epidermoid cysts 12.16. Oral varicosities 12.17. Lymphoid aggregates 12.18. Parotid papilla 12.19. Circumvallate papillae 12.20. Physiological pigmentation   13 Bacterial infections of the oral mucosa 13.1. Scarlet fever 13.2. Syphilis 13.3. Gonorrhoea 13.4. Tuberculosis   14. Fungal infections of the oral mucosa 14.1. Candidosis: 14.1.1. Pseudomembranous candidosis 14.1.2. Erythematous candidosis 14.1.3. Angular cheilitis 14.1.4. Denture stomatitis 14.1.5. Chronic hyperplastic candidosis (Candida leukoplakia) 14.1.6. Median rhomboid glossitis 14.2. Histoplasmosis 14.3. Blastomycosis   15. Viral infections of the oral mucosa 15.1. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis 15.2. Herpes labialis (Secondary herpes infection) 15.3. Varicella (Chicken pox) 15.4. Herpes zoster (Shingles) 15.5. Infectious mononucleosis 15.6. Oral hairy leukoplakia 15.7. Cytomegalovirus infection 15.8. Herpangina 15.9. Hand-foot and mouth disease 15.10. Squamous papilloma 15.11. Condyloma acuminatum  15.12. Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia 15.13. Verruca vulgaris 15.14. Measles   16. Non-infective inflammatory disorders of the oral mucosa 16.1. Recurrent aphthous ulcers (Recurrent aphthous stomatitis) 16.2. Oral lichen planus 16.3. Oral lichenoid reactions 16.4. Pemphigus vulgaris 16.5. Mucous membrane pemphigoid 16.6. Erythema multiforme 16.7. Lupus erythematosus 16.8. Traumatic ulcer 16.9. Oral lesions in Behcet's disease 16.10. Oral lesions in Crohn's disease 16.11. Oral lesions in reactive arthritis (Reiter's disease) 16.12. Uremic stomatitis 16.13. Chronic ulcerative stomatitis 16.14. Radiation-induced mucositis 16.15. Medication-induced oral ulceration 16.16. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis   17. Non- neoplastic mucosal swellings 17.1. Irritation fibroma 17.2. Denture induced granuloma 17.3. Fibrous epulis/ peripheral fibroma/ fibrous polyp 17.4. Pyogenic granuloma 17.5. Peripheral giant cell granuloma 17.6. Peripheral ossifying fibroma 17.7. Traumatic neuroma 17.8. Squamous papilloma 17.9. Congenital epulis   18. Benign neoplasms of the oral mucosa 18.1. Lipoma      18.2. Schwannoma (Neurilemmoma) 18.3. Granular cell tumour 18.4. Haemangioma 18.5. Lymphangioma 18.6. Leiomyoma 18.7. Rhabdomyoma   19. Oral potentially malignant disorders 19.1. Erythroplakia 19.2. Leukoplakia 19.3. Chronic hyperplastic candidosis 19.4. Palatal lesions in reverse smokers 19.5. Oral lichen planus 19.6. Oral submucous fibrosis 19.7. Oral lichenoid lesion 19.8. Discoid Lupus erythematosus 19.9. Actinic keratosis 19.10. Graft versus host disease 19.11. Dyskeratosis congenita !9.12. Sublingual keratosis 19.13. Syphilitic leukoplakia 19.14. Darrier's disease   20. Malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa 20.1. Squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma 20.2. Melanoma 20.3. Kaposi's sarcoma 20.4. Fibrosarcoma 20.5. Rhabdomyosarcoma 20.6. Leiomyosarcoma   PART 4. PATHOLOGY OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS   21. Non-neoplastic salivary gland diseases 21.1. Salivary calculi 21.2. Mucoceles 21.3. Sjögren's syndrome 21.4. Sialadenitis 21.5. Necrotizing sialometaplasia   22. Salivary gland neoplasms WHO classification of Salivary Gland Tumours 22.1. Pleomorphic adenoma 22.2. Warthin's tumour 23.3. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 23.4. Adenoid cystic carcinoma   PART 5. CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF MUCOSAL DISEASE   23. White lesions of the oral mucosa 23.1. Actinic cheilitis 23.2. Chemical burn 23.3. Chronic hyperplastic candidosis 23.4. Darier's disease (Darier-White disease) 23.5. Dyskeratosis congenita 23.6. Fordyce spots 23.7. Frictional keratosis 23.8. Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis 23.9. Leukoedema 23.10. Leukoplakia 23.11. Oral hairy leukoplakia 23.12. Oral lichen planus 23.13. Oral squamous cell carcinoma 23.14. Pseudomembranous candidosis 23.15. Smokeless tobacco induced keratosis 23.16. Smoker's keratosis 23.17. Sublingual keratosis 23.18. Syphilitic leukoplakia 23.19. Verrucous carcinoma 23.20. White hairy tongue 23.21. White sponge nevus   24. Red and purple lesions of the oral mucosa 24.1. Contact stomatitis 24.2. Desquamative gingivitis 24.3. Erythema migrans 24.4. Erythema multiforme 24.5. Erythematous candidosis 24.6. Erythroplakia 24.7. Haemangioma 24.8. Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia 24.9. Infectious mononucleosis 24.10. Kaposi's sarcoma  24.11. Linear gingival erythema 24.12. Lupus erythematosus 24.13. Median rhomboid glossitis 24.14. Mucosal ecchymosis, haematoma and petechiae 24.15. Plasma cell gingivitis  24.16. Port wine nevus 24.17. Radiation mucositis 24.18. Thermal erythema   25. Blue, black, and brown lesions of the oral mucosa 25.1. Addison's disease 25.2. Amalgam tattoo 25.3. Black and brown hairy tongue 25.4. Drug induced pigmentation 25.5. Heavy metal pigmentation 25.6. Laugier-Hunziker syndrome 25.7. Melanoma 25.8. Melanotic macule 25.9. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 25.10. Physiologic pigmentation 25.11. Pigmented nevi 25.12. Smoker's melanosis   26. Vesiculobullous lesions of the oral mucosa 26.1. Angina bullosa haemorrhagica 26.2. Bullous lichen planus 26.3. Dermatitis herpetiformis 26.4. Epidermolysis bullosa 26.5. Hand-Foot and Mouth disease 26.6. Herpes zoster 26.7. Mucous membrane pemphigoid 26.8. Pemphigus vulgaris 26.9. Primary herpetic stomatitis 26.10. Secondary (recurrent) herpetic stomatitis (Herpes labialis)   27. Ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa 27.1. Oral ulceration in agranulocytosis 27.2. Oral ulceration in Behcet's disease 27.3. Oral ulceration in celiac disease 27.4. Chronic ulcerative stomatitis 27.5. Oral ulceration in Crohn's disease 27.6. Oral ulceration in cyclic neutropenia 27.7. Cytomegalovirus ulcers 27.8. Eosinophilic ulcer 27.9. Gangrenous stomatitis 27.10. Necrotizing sialometaplasia 27.11. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis 27.12. Reactive arthritis 27.13. Recurrent aphthous ulcers 27.14. Squamous cell carcinoma presenting as an ulcer 27.15. Syphilitic ulcers 27.16. Traumatic ulcer 27.17. Tuberculous ulcer 27.18. Oral ulceration in ulcerative colitis   28. Papillary lesions of the oral mucosa 28.1. Condyloma acuminatum 28.2. Multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck's disease) 28.3. Oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia 28.4. Squamous papilloma 28.5. Squamous cell carcinoma 28.6. Verruca vulgaris (oral warts) 28.7. Verrucous Carcinoma   PART 6. OROFACIAL PAIN   29. Orofacial pain 29.1. Odontogenic orofacial pain 29.1.1. Pain of reversible pulpitis and dentine hypersensitivity 29.1.2. Pain of irreversible pulpitis 29.1. 3. Pain of periodontitis or infected root canals 29.1.4. Pain of fractured or cracked tooth 29.1.5. Pain of spreading odontogenic infection without severe or systemic features 29.1.6. Cellulitis/Ludwig's angina with systemic features 29.1.7. Pain of dry socket   29.2. Neuropathic orofacial pain 29.2.1. Trigeminal neuralgia 29.2.2. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia 29.2.3. Postherpetic neuralgia 29.2.4. Burning mouth syndrome   29.3. Other conditions with orofacial pain 29.3.1. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis 29.3.2. Temporomandibular joint disorders 29.3. 3. Atypical facial pain 29.3. 4. Migraine 29. 3.5. Sinusitis 29.3. 6. Temporal arteritis 29.3. 7. Cardiogenic jaw pain 29.3. 8. Pain of sialolithiasis   PART 7. MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS OF CLINICAL RELEVANCE   30. Oral manifestations of systemic disorders 30.1. Oral manifestations of gastrointestinal and liver disorders 30.1.1 Gastroesophageal reflux disease 30.1. 2. Bulimia and nervosa 30.1. 3. Crohn's disease 30.1.4. Ulcerative colitis 30.1.5. Celiac disease 30.1.6. Irritable bowel syndrome 30.1.7. Alcoholic liver disease 30.1.8. Liver cirrhosis  30.2. Oral manifestations of cardiovascular disease 30.2.1. Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction 30.2.2. Congenital heart disease 30.2.3. Rheumatic fever and infective endocarditis 30.2.4. Hypertension 30.3. Oral manifestations of respiratory disease 30.3.1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 30.3.2 Lung abscess and bronchiectasis 30.3.3. Pulmonary tuberculosis 30.3.4. Cystic fibrosis 30.4. Oral Manifestations of Kidney diseases 30.4.1. Chronic renal failure 30.4.2. Nephrotic syndrome 30.4.3. Patients on kidney dialysis: Dental considerations 30.5. Oral Manifestations of endocrine and metabolic disorders 30.5.1. Hyperthyroidism 30.5.2. Hypothyroidism 30.5.3. Hyperpituitarism 30.5.4. Hypopituitarism 30.5.5. Diabetes insipidus 30.5.6. Addison's disease 30.5.7. Cushing syndrome 30.5.8. Diabetes mellitus 30.5.9. Hypocalcaemia 30.5.10. Hypercalcaemia 30.6. Oral Manifestations of nervous system disorders 30.6.1. Stroke 30.6.2. Epilepsy 30.6.3. Parkinson's disease 30.6.4. Multiple sclerosis 30.6.5. Myasthenia gravis 30.6.6. Bell's palsy 30.7. Oral manifestations of hematologic disorders 30.7.1. Anaemia 30.7.2. Thrombocytopenia 30.7.3. Haemophilia 30.7.4. Multiple myeloma 30.7.5. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 30.7.6. Burkitt's lymphoma 36.7.7. Leukaemia 30.8. Oral manifestations of immune system disorders 30.8.1. Allergic mucositis 30.8.2. Angioedema 30.8.3. Sjogren's syndrome 30.8.4. Temporal arteritis 30.8.5. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis) 30.8.6. Behcet's disease   31. Systemic diseases associated with periodontal infections 31.1. Cardiovascular disease 31.2. Coronary heart disease 31.3. Infective endocarditis 31.4. Bacterial pneumonia 31.5. Low birth weight 31.6. Diabetes mellitus   32. Other signs and symptoms related to the oral environment 32.1. Halitosis 32.2. Taste disturbances 32.3. Dry mouth (Xerostomia)Trismus 32.4. Sialorrhea 32.5. Trismus 32.8. Basic facts and oral manifestations associated with Covid-19 infection   33. Outline of diagnostic procedures employed in oral pathology and oral medicine 33.1. History 33.2. Clinical examination 33.3. Clinical differential diagnosis 33.4. Biopsy: Histopathology, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry 33.5. Special tests: Polymerase chain reaction and In situ hybridization 33.6. Microbiology: Smears, swabs, oral rinse, culture tests and antibiotic sensitivity tests 33.7. Molecular biological investigations 33.8. Blood tests: Haematology, serology, clinical chemistry, 33.9. Imaging: Intraoral views, skull radiography, OPG, CBCT, digital imaging, CT scan, MRI and diagnostic ultrasound, 33.10. Other tests: Urine for diabetes and Bence-Jones Protein estimation for myeloma   Index

Details