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Black onyx is a popular gemstone known for its deep black color and smooth, polished appearance. Here are some key points about black onyx: Mineral Composition: Black onyx is a variety of chalcedony, which is a type of microcrystalline quartz. It is characterized by its solid black color and a shiny, vitreous luster. Varieties: Onyx itself is a variety of chalcedony, and it can come in various colors. Black onyx is one of the most well-known and widely used varieties. Other popular onyx colors include white, red, brown, and green. Birthstone: Black onyx is the traditional birthstone for the month of July. Hardness: On the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, black onyx has a rating of 6.5 to 7, making it relatively durable and suitable for use in various types of jewelry. Geological Formation: Onyx is typically formed in the cavities of volcanic rocks, as well as in the veins of sedimentary rocks. It is commonly found in regions where quartz deposits are present. Enhancements: Natural black onyx is often rare and can be expensive. Many black onyx gemstones available in the market are treated to enhance their color or luster. This treatment typically involves dyeing and/or heating. Cut and Shape: Black onyx is commonly cut into cabochons, beads, and cameos. Its smooth, polished surface makes it suitable for carving intricate designs. Jewelry: Black onyx is frequently used in jewelry, including rings, earrings, pendants, and bracelets. It is often paired with other gemstones or metals to create striking contrast and designs. Symbolism: Throughout history, black onyx has been associated with protection, strength, and courage. It is believed to absorb and transmute negative energy and provide stability to its wearer. Fashion and Style: Black onyx jewelry is a classic choice for both men and women. It complements a wide range of styles and can be worn for both formal and casual occasions. Cultural Significance: In some cultures, black onyx is considered a protective and healing stone. It is thought to provide emotional support and help with self-control and decision-making. Availability: High-quality, natural black onyx can be relatively rare, which can affect its price. The gemstone market may have synthetic or imitation onyx as well, so it's essential to purchase from reputable sources. Care and Maintenance: Black onyx should be treated with care to prevent scratching or chipping. It is best to store onyx jewelry separately to avoid contact with harder gemstones. Cleaning with a soft, damp cloth is generally safe, but ultrasonic and steam cleaning should be avoided. Black onyx's deep and glossy black appearance, along with its historical significance and perceived metaphysical properties, makes it a captivating gemstone that continues to be popular in the world of jewelry and fashion.