WESTERN ANNALS, JAMES R. ALBACH, 1857, INDIAN WARS OHIO VALLEY HISTORY PIONEERS

ANNALS OF THE WEST: EMBRACING A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS WHICH HAVE OCCURRED IN THE WESTERN STATES AND TERRITORIES, FROM THE DISCOVERY OF THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY TO THE YEAR EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIX. COMPILED FROM THE MOST AUTHENTIC SOURCES, AND PUBLISHED BY JAMES R. ALBACH......

JAMES R. ALBACH,

PITTSBURGH: W. S. HAVEN, BOOK AND JOB PRINTER,

1857

1016 PAGES, WITH INDEX

HARDCOVER,

THIS BOOK MEASURES 9 1/2" X 6 1/2" X 2 3/4"

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SOME OF TOPICS COVERED ARE... INDIAN WARS....BORDER WARS....OHIO VALLEY.... OLD NORTHWEST....SIMON GIRTY....DANIEL BOONE....BOONESBOROUGH....BLACK HAWK....VINCENNES....POINT PLEASANT....DANIEL GREATHOUSE....BLUE LICKS....FORT PITT.... GENERAL BRADDOCK.... COL. BOUQUET....COL. BOWMAN....JOSEPH BRANT....COL. BROADHEAD.... BROWNSVILLE, REDSTONE....BATTLE OF BUSHY RUN....BRYANT'S STATION....COHOKIA....CANALS IN OHIO....MASSACRE AT CAPTINA....CAPTAIN MICHAEL CRESAP....MURDER OF LOGAN'S FAMILY....YELLOW CREEK....CORNPLANTER....CORNSTALK....ZADOK CRAMER....GEORGE CROGHAN....VENANGO....FORT DEARBORN....MATTHEW ELLIOT....BATTLE OF LAKE ERIE....ERIE CANAL....FALLS OF THE OHIO....JOHN FILSON....JOHN FINLEY....GENERAL FORBES....GREENVILLE, OHIO....HARRISON ON THE WABASH....FORT LAURENS ON THE TUSCARAWAS RIVER....FORT LE BOEUF....FORT LIGONIER....FORT MCINTOSH, BEAVER, PA....FORT MEIGS ON THE MAUMEE....FORT NECESSITY....GEORGE WASHINGTON....FORT RECOVERY, ST. CLAIR BATTLEFIELD....FORT STANWIX....FORT FRONTENAC....GEN. GAGE....GALLIPOLIS, OHIO....GEORGE GIRTY, JAMES GIRTY....CHRISTOPHER GIST....ANTHONY WAYNE....HALF-KING....HANNASTOWN....GEN. HARMAR, SCIOTO EXPEDITION....HARMONY SOCIETY, BUTLER, CO. PA....WILLIAM HARRISON....JOHN GIBSON....JOHN HECKEWELDER....CHEROKEE....IROQUOIS....GEN. IRVINE....SIR WILLIAM JOHNSON....JUMONVILLE....KASKASKIA....SIMON KENTON....KENTUCKY....KING'S MOUNTIAN....KITTANNING....KUSHKUSHKEE....LA SALLE....GEN. ANDREW LEWIS....LITTLE TURTLE....LONG HUNTERS....LOGSTOWN....BENJAMIN LOGAN....FORT MACKANAC....MARIETTA, OHIO....MORAVIANS....HISTORY OF THE MORMONS....MUSKINGUM....MAJOR MCCOLLOCH....JAMES MCBRIDE....ALEXANDER MCKEE....NATCHEZ....NEW ORLEANS FOUNDED....OLD CHILLCOTHE....OLD TOWN, SKIPTON....ONONDAGAS....CAPTAIN ORR....FORT OSWEGO....PEDRO PIERNAS....CAPTAIN PIKE....COM. PERRY....PECKITANONI, MISSOURI RIVER....PEMBINA....BRES....PONTIAC....THE PROPHET....TECUMSEH....RUFUS PUTNAM....QUINCY, ILLINOIS....FORT RECOVERY....RED HAWK....RICE'S FORT....RUDDEL'S STATION....WINTHROP SARGENT....SENECA INDIANS....SHAWNEE....COL. SHEPHERD AT FORT HENRY....JOE SMITH THE MORMON PROPHET....SPAIN....STEAMBOATS....CAPT. STOBO....J. C. SYMMES....ARTHUR ST.CLAIR....ST. LOUIS....BATTLE OF THE THAMES....BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE....FORT PITT....FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR....CONRAD WEISER....LEWIS WETZEL....WHISKY INSURRECTION....CAPTAIN WHITE EYES....COL. DAVID WILLIAMSON....COL WILKINSON, KICKAPOO TOWN....XENIA, OHIO....BRIGHAM YOUNG, SEER OF THE MORMON....COL. ZANE....ZANE FAMILY OF WHEELING....ZANESVILLE, OHIO....DAVID ZEISBERGER, MORAVIAN MISSIONARY....LORD DUNMORE....OHIO COMPANY....GNADENHUTTEN....ALLEGHENY RIVER....OHIO COMPANY....OHIO RIVER....WYANDOT INDIANS.........COL. CRAWFORD.... WHEELING, FORT HENRY.... MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY....
 

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE....

1512. Ponce de Leon discovers Florida.
1516. Diego Miruelo visits Florida.
1530. Vasquez de AyUon kidnaps the natives for slaves.
Pamphlio de Narvaez goes to Florida.
1535. Jacques Cartier enters and explores the St. Lawrence.
1538. De Soto asks leave to conquer Florida.
1539. De Soto reaches Tampa Bay.
De Soto reaches Appalachee Bay.
1540. De Soto in Georgia.
De Soto reaches Mavilia on the Alabama.
1541. De Soto reaches Mississippi.
De Soto crosses Mississippi and rambles westward.
De Soto changes his course westward and southward.
1542. De Soto travels eastward toward Mississippi.
De Soto reaches Mississippi and dies.
1543. His followers attempt to reach Mexico by land, and fail.
They arrive on the coast of Mexico by water.
1544. De Biedma presents his account of De Soto's expedition to the King of Spain. 1562. Florida settled by French colonists.
1565. Pedro Melandez de Avilez establishes St. Augustine.
Avilez, by order of the King of Spain, extferminates the Huguenots of Florida. Dominic de Gourges, a French catholic, avenges his countrymen. 1608. Quebec founded by S. Champlain.
1613. Montreal Island settled.
1616. Le Caron explores Upper Canada.
1630. Charles I. grants Carolana to Sir Robert Heath.
1634. First Mission founded on the eastern shore of Lake Huron.
Breboeuf, Lallemand and Daniel, Missionaries, arrive at Lake Huron. 1635. Missionaries visit the Sault Ste. Marie.
1636. St. Joseph, St. Louis and St. Ignatius missions established.
1640. Kaymbault and Pigart follow to the West.
1641. Canadian envoys first meet North West at the Sault Ste. Marie.
1647. Sieur de Longneville, with a small company, it is said, was at Fox River Kapids,
(doubtful.)
1654. Father Simon Le Moine discovered the Onondago Saline,
Fur traders from Montreal penetrate the Western Lakes.
1659. Two French traders passed the winter on the shores of Lake Superior.
1S60. Rene Mesnard coasts the Southern shore of Lake Superior.
Mesnard establishes the missions of Ste. Theresa and Chegoimegon.
1661. Mesnard perished in the forest, of cold and hunger.
1663. Colonel Wood's alleged travels.
1665. Tracy made viceroy of New France.
Allouez founds first permanent station on Lake Superior.
1667. La Salle first arrives in Canada from France.
1668. Claude Dablon and Jacques Marquette plant mission of Ste Marie.
1670. N. Perrot is ordered West by the Intendant to propose a congress of Lake Indians.
Alleged travels of Captain Bolt.
1671. Grand council at the Sault Ste. Marie.
French take formal possession of the North West.
Marquette establishes permanently the mission of St. Ignatius.
1672. Allouez and Dablon visited Green Bay and all the Western shore of Lake Michigan.
1673. Marquette and his companions leave Mackinac to seek the Mississippi.
Marquette and his companions cross from Fox river to Wisconsin.
Marquette and his companions reach Misfsissippi.
Marquette and his companions meet Illinois Indians.
Marquette and his companions reach Arkansas.
Marquette and his companions leave on return to Mackinac.
Marquette and Joilet at Des Moines, (as supposed.)
Marquette at and alone about Chicago.
1676. Marquette dies on the Eastern shore of Lake Michigan.
La Salle returns to France.
1676. La Salle again in Canada and rebuilds Fort Frontenac,
1677. La Salle visits France a second time.
1678. La Salle and Tonti sail for Canada.
La Salle and Tonti arrive at Quebec.
La Salle and Tonti cross Lake Ontario.
Persons from New England said to have explored the South West.
1679. La Salle loses his stores in Lake Ontario.
The Griffin sails up Lake Erie through the straits to Huron.
La Salle and his party encountered dreadful storms on Lake Huron.
The Griffin miraculously saved, arrives at Mackinac.
The party weigh anchor and sail to Green Bay.
The Griifin laden and sent back to Niagara.
La Salle with part of his men commences voyage up Lake Michigan.
They reach the head of Lake Michigan and discover the St. Josephs river.
During November build Fort Miamies at mouth of St. Josephs river.
Reinforced by Tonti, they ascend the St. Josephs and cross to Kankakee.
1680. La Salle and his party in Peoria Lake.
La Salle, under great depression of mind, builds and names Fort Crevecoeur.
Hennepin sent to explore the Mississippi.
La Salle commences his journey, returning to Canada.
M. Hennepin on the Upper Mississippi.
Tonti commences building Fort St. Louis.
Hostility of the Iroquois obliges Tonti to leave the country.
La Salle returns to Illinois.
Hennepin returns to Canada.
1681. La Salle and Tonti meet at Mackinac.
La Salle a third time goes westward.
La Salle at St. Josephs again.
La Salle goes by Chicago to Illinois river.
La Salle finds Fort Crevecoeur in good condition,
1682, La Salle goes from Chicago westward
La Salle on banks of the Mississippi.
La Salle descends Mississippi,
La Salle discovers months of Mississippi.
La Salle takes possession by process verbal.
La Salle returns to St. Josephs, of Michigan.
La Salle intends to ascend the Mississippi with a colony,
1683. La Salle leaves Illinois for Quebec.
La Salle immediately sails for France, at Kochelle, in December.
1684, La Salle sails from France for mouth of Mississippi.
La Salle reaches St. Domingo.
La Salle sails from St. Domingo for mouth of Mississippi.
La Salle discovers the main land.
The Iroquois place themselves under England.
1685. La Salle in the Gulf of Mexico,
La Salle sends party on shore to go eastward for mouth of Mississippi.
La Salle reaches Matagorda Bay.
Beaujeu sails for France, leaving La Salle in great distress.
La Salle building in Texas ; unfortunate.
La Salle in person searches for the Mississippi,
1686. La Salle returns to Matagorda Bay.
La Salle goes again to seek the Mississippi,
Tonti goes down Mississippi to meet La SaUe.
La Salle returns unsuccessful,
1687. La SaUe leaves for Mississippi the third time.
La Salle sends men to look for stores.
La Salle follows and is killed by those men.
His murderers quarrel and slay one another.
Seven of La Salle's best companions leave the main body.
The seven proceed toward .Mississippi, and reach Arkansas.
They reach Fort St. Louis, on the Illinois river.
La Salle's death was not published until next year.


1688. La Salle's former companions leave Fort St. Louis, for Quebec.
Thence they sail for France, and arrive at Bochelle, in October.
Population of all French North America, about 12,000.
1689. War of the European alliance.
D'Iberville victorious on Hudson's Bay.
1690. D'Iberville invades English Colony of New York.
1693. Rev. Gravier, a Missionary at Kaskaskia, Illinois.
Kaskaskia founded by Gravier ; date unknown.
Cahokia settlement prior to Kaskaskia ; date likewise unknown.
1697. Treaty between France and England, and peace of Ryswick.
1698. D'Iberville appointed Governor of Louisiana.
Bienville appointed Intendant of Louisiana.
Dr. Coxe sends two vessels toward the Mississippi.
1699. D'Iberville at the Bay of Mobile.
D'Iberville enters the Mississippi.
D'Iberville sails for France.
Bienville sounds Mississippi and meets English.
Fort L'Huillier built on Bine Earth river, Minnesota.
1700. D'Iberville returns from France.
D'Iberville goes up the Mississippi to Natchez.
D'Iberville sends Le Seur to St. Peter's, in search of copper mine.
1701. De la Motte Cadillac founds Detroit.
D'Iberville founds a colony On Mobile river.
Iroquois again place themselves under England.
1702. Fort built on the Bay of Mobile.
1705. Colony much reduced by sickness.
1706. D'Iberville at Havana on a voyage to France.
Bienville Governor, pro tem.
1707. First grant of lands at Detroit.
1708. D'Artaguette in Louisiana.
1710. Governor Spottswood, of Virginia, explores the Alleghenies.
1712. War between the French and their allies, and the Ottagamio and Mascoutens
Indians,
Monopoly of Louisiana granted to Crozat.
Tusoaroras admitted in confederacy with Iroquois,
1713. Treaty of Utrecht, leaving boundary between colonies unsettled,
1714. Fort Rosalie (Natchez) commenced.

1717. Crozat resigns his privilege of monopoly.
Fort Chartres commenced — first a wooden structure.
Louisiana trade granted to Company of West.
New Orleans commenced.
John Law connected with Company of the West.
1718. Emigrants augment the population of New Orleans.
Renault leaves France for Illinois.
1719. Company of the West made Company of the Indies.
Governor Keith, of Pennsylvania, urges the building a Fort on Lake Erie.
1720. Law made minister of finance.
Stock of Company of the Indies worth 2050 per cent.
Stock commences depreciation.
Company of the Indies bankrupt.
Charlevoix arrives in America and lands at Quebec.
Renault buys slaves at St. Domingo for working mines in Illinois.
Mine La Motte, Missouri, discovered and wrought.
Spanish invasion of Missouries froiri Santa Fe.
Spaniards totally defeated and all except a single individual slain.
La Harpe explores Washita and Arkansas.
1721. Charlevoix at Montreal.
Charlevoix at the Falls of Niagara.
Charlevoix at Fort de Pontohartrain, (Detroit.)
Charlevoix at Mackinac.
Charlevoix at the Fort on St. Josephs river.
Charlevoix at the source of the Theakiki, (Kankakee.)
Charlevoix at Pimiteouy, (Peoria.)
Charlevoix at Kaskaskia.
Charlevoix at Natchez.
1722. English erect a trading post at Oswego.
Charlevoix at New Orleans.
Charlevoix at Biloxi.
1726. Iroquois a third time place themselves under England.
1727. English build a Fort at Oswego.
1729. French among the Natchez, murdered.
1730. Natchez conquered and destroyed.
Alleged travels of Sailing in the West,
Governor Keith earnestly recommends securing West to England.
1732, Company of Indies resign Louisiana to the king.
1735. Vincennes settled according to some authorities.
1736. Expedition of French against Chlckasaws.
D'Artaguette conquered and slain.
Vincennes, Senat and D'Artaguette burned.
Bienville fails in assault on Chickasaws, and retreats.
1739. French collect to attack the Chickasaws.
1740. Peace between French and Chickasaws.
Lanse d'la Grasse (at New Madrid) supposed to have been inhabited.
1742. John Howard is said to have gone down Ohio river.
1744. Treaty of English and Iroquois at Lancaster.
Vaudreuil fears English influence in the West.
Renault returns to France.
1745. Pierre Chartier conciliates Shawanese and French.
1748. Chickasaws attack French post on Arkansas.
Conrad Weiser sent to the Ohio.
Ohio Land Company formed.
Pierre Chartier instigates war between Iroquois and Shawanese.
English establish a trading post on Great Miami, Ohio.
Excessively cold, stormy, and severe winter.
1749. Grant of land to Loyal Company.
Celeron sent to bury medals along the Ohio river.
1750. English traders it is said were made prisoners at Great Miami.
Twigtwee or Miami Indians killed by French soldiers.
Both time and place are uncertain.
English driven from their station on Miami, by the French.
Twigtwee or Bliami Indians defend the English and are killed.
Large shipments of products from Illinois to New Orleans.
Five French villages in Illinois.
Forty sailing vessels at New Orleans.
Dr. Walker explores Kentucky.
1751. Christopher Gist, (it is believed,) explored the interior of Ohio.
Gist surveyed land south of Ohio river, east of Kanawha.
Gen. Andrew Lewis surveyed for Greenbriar Company.
1752. French again attack English post on Great Miami, (doubtful.)
Treaty at Logstown. — Indians confirm Lancaster Treaty of 1744.
Families locate West of the Alleghenies.
French organize an army to occupy the Upper Ohio.
1753. French build Fort Presqu' Isle.
French build Fort Le Boeuf.
Fort Venango commenced.
Pennsylvania Assembly informed of French movements.
Commissioner sent to warn French; stops at Logstown.
French sent with arms for friendly Indians.
Colonies authorized to resist French by force.
Treaty with North- Western Indians at Winchester.
Treaty at Carlisle with Iroquois, Delawares, Shawanese, Miamies and Wyandot^.
Ohio Company open line at Braddock's road.
Washington commissioned to bear message to French commandant.


1763. Washington leaves Will's creek for Fort Venango.
Washington on Monongahela, at Turtle creek.
Washington makes accurate observation at the junction of the two rivers.
Washington at Logstown engages Indian chief to accompany him.
Washington at Venango directed to proceed to Le Boeuf.
Washington reaches French commandant at Le Bosuf.
Great number of boats containing French army passes Oswego.
Washington leaves French commandant to return to Virginia.
1764. Washington at Gist's house on Monongahela.
Washington at Williamsburg, the capital of Virginia.
Troops called into service by Virginia.
French fort at Venango finished.
English commence building a fort at the junction.
Contrecoeur demands surrender of the English.
Ensign Ward capitulates ; is permitted to leave, together with his men and stores.
Virginia troops moving westward.
Washington crosses Alleghenies.
Washington attacks and kills Jumonville.
New York sends £5,000 to Virginia.
Washington at Fort Necessity.
Washington surrenders Fort Necessity.
Washington retires to Mount Vernon.
French hold the whole West.
1755. France proposes a compromise.
Braddock lands at Alexandria in Virginia.
France and England sent fleets to America.
Braddock's army marches by two routes westward.
Expedition against Nova Scotia leaves Boston.
Braddock arrives at Fort Cumberland.
Braddock marches from Fort Cumberland.
Braddock reaches the Monongahela.
Braddock re-crosses Monongahela, meets French and Indians, and is defeated.
Braddock died at the Great Meadows.
1756. Fort Chartres rebuilt; a strong stone structure.
Lewis' Expedition against the Ohio Indians, and failure.
Indians fill the valley of Virginia.
War formally declared between France and England.
Armstrong's Expedition against Kittanning.
First Indian treaty held at Easton.
Monsieur Donville defeated and slain.
1757. Massacre at Fort William Henry.
Pitt made Prime Minister.
1758. Fort Stanwix built.
Louisburg and Fort Frontenac taken.
Post leaves for the Ohio river to conciliate Indiana.
Post encounters much fatigue and danger.
Post arrives at Kuskushkee, and goes to Fort Du Quesne.
Post confers with Indians near Fort Du Quesne.

1758. Grant defeated near Fort Du Quesne.
Washington opening a road over the mountains.
French and Indians attack Forbes at Loyalhanna.
Forbes marches from Loyalhanna to Turtle creek.
Post's second mission to Ohio Indians.
French burn and retire from Fort Du Quesne.
Forbes takes possession of the Forks, (Pittsburgh.)
English erect temporary works ; Forbes returns to Philadelphia.
Col. H. Mercer left in command.
Cherokee Indians become hostile to Colonists,
1769. Forbes dies at Philadelphia.
D'Aubry brings army stores and troops from Illinois to Venango.
Garrison at Fort Pitt fear the French at Venango.
Gen. Stanwix arrives at Fort Pitt.
Ticonderoga, Crown Point, Niagara and Quebec yield,
1760. The French yield Canada to the English,
Cherokee war against south-west Colonies,
Gen. Monkton treats with the Indians at Fort Pitt.
Settlers again go over the mountains.
Rogers takes possession of Detroit.
Rogers returns across Ohio to Fort Pitt.
1761, Death of Pierre Francois Xavier de Charlevoix.
Alexander Henry, Indian trader, visits N. West.
Christian F, Post goes to settle on Tuscarawas river.
1762. Bouquet warns all persons from settling on Indian lands.
Post and Heckewelder go to Tuscarawas,
Dark day at Detroit,
Preliminaries to Peace of Paris settled.
Louisiana transferred to Spain.
The Canadas contain upward of 100,000 souls.
1763, Mason and Dixon commence to survey Une between Pennsylvania and Maryland.
Treaty of Paris concluded.
Detroit attacked by Pontiac,
Mackinac taken by Indians,
Presqu' Isle (Erie) taken by Indians.
Sandusky, Fort, surprised and taken by Indians.
St. Josephs Fort, on St. Josephs river, taken by Pottawattamies.
Ouiatenon garrison surrendered — were not massacred.
Fort Miami (near Fort Wayne) garrison made prisoners.
Fort at Green Bay evacuated and garrison escaped.
Le Boeuf attacked, fort burnt, garrison escaped.
The date of the massacre at forts at Venango not known.
Battle of Bushy Run.
Fort Pitt besieged, and relieved by Bouquet.
Proclamation to protect Indian lands.
Laclede arrives at Ste. Genevieve.
Laclede selects site of St. Louis.
Forts Bedford and Ligonier attacked ; not taken.

1764. St. Louis founded by Laclede.
Bradstreet makes dishonorable peace with Northern Indians.
Bouquet makes pe

1764. St. Louis founded by Laclede.
Bradstreet makes dishonorable peace with Northern Indians.
Bouquet makes peace with Ohio Indians.
French Officers ordered to give up Lower Louisiana to Spain. 1765. Sir William Johnson makes treaty at German Flats.
George Croghan goes westward.
Croghan made prisoner at the Wabash.
Captain Stirling, for England, takes possession of Illinois.
Proclamation of Governor Gage.

1765. 1766,

First families known to be at Pittsburgh.

1766. "Quebec Bill" passed in the British Parliament.
Capt. Jonathan Carver explored the unknown North-West.
Settlers again cross the Mountains.
Walpole Company proposed.
Col. James Smith visits Kentucky.
Capt. Pitman arrives in Illinois.
Mason and Dixon's Line finished to Dunker Creek.
1767. Western Indians grow impatient.
Franklin labors for Walpole Company.
Finley visits Kentucky.
Zeisberger founds Mission on the AUegheny.
Gen. Bouquet died at Pensacola.
Mason and Dixon ceased surveying line between Pennsylvania and Maryland. EngUsh traders first visit Assiniboine river. 1768. Treaty of Fort Stanwix — grand acquisition of lands from Indians. Capt. Pitman still at Illinois.
Capt. Carver returns from the North-West.
Indian treaty at Pittsburgh.
Severe penal laws, to prevent settlement on Indian lands.
1769. Mississippi Company proposed.
Boone and others start for Kentucky.
Boone and others reach Red river, of Kentucky.
Boone made prisoner by the Indians.
1770. Grave Creek Settlement, Virginia, first made.
Moravians invited to Big Beaver.
Moravians leave Allegheny and remove to Beaver.
Treaty of Lochaber.
Ohio Company merged m Walpole Company.
Washington visits the West.
The Zanes found Wheeling.
Spain takes possession of St. Louis and Upper Louisiana.
The Long Hunters explore the West.
1771. Daniel Boone returns to North Carolina.
Long Hunters still abroad,


1772. Indians murdered by whites on Lower Kanawha.
Moravians invited by Indians, remove from Beaver to Tuscarawa.
Gen. Gage's proclamation against settlers on Wabash.
Moravians found Schoenbrun' on Tuscarawa.
1773. Boone and others start to settle Kentucky.
Boone and companions attacked by Indians, and return.
Bullitt, M'Afee and others descend the Ohio.
Bullitt and others survey at Falls and Kentucky river.
Gen. Thompson surveys the valley of Licking.
Gen. Lyman goes to Natchez.
Purchase by Illinois Company in Illinois.
Big Bone Lick, near tho Ohio, discovered.
Kennedy, from Kaskaskia, ascends Illinois river in search of a copper mine.
Kennedy describes ruins of a fort at the south-west end of Lake Peoria.
1774. James Harrod in Kentucky.
Contentions between Pennsylvania and Virginia. »
Connolly calls out militia, and usurps civil authority.
St. Clair arrests Connolly and companions.
Connolly and associates are released on parole.
Connolly receives armed forces from Virginia.
Connolly takes possession of Fort Pitt, and names it Fort Dunmore.
Magistrates made prisoners by Connolly.
Pennsylvania magistrates carried prisoners to Virginia.
Discussion about the unfinished Mason and Dixon line.
Connolly writes to the settlers about Wheeling to attack Indians.
Cresap unfortunately agrees with Connolly.
Greathouse murders several Indians.
Logan revenges his family. Preparation for war,
Boone sent for- survey ors down the river.
Friendly Shawanese attacked by Connolly.
Several Indian traders murdered.
M'Donald attacks Wapatomica.
Troops under Lewis march down Kanawha.
Troops under Lewis reach Point Pleasant,
Battle of Point Pleasant.
Dunmore makes an unpopular peace,
Simon Girty considered a valiant soldier.
Simon Girty acts in concert with Virginians against Indians.
1775. Treaty of Wataga; purchase by Transylvania Company.
Boone returns to Kentucky, and founds Boonsboro.
Henderson and associates arrive at Boonsboro.
Henderson calls representatives to the first Legislature in the West.
Representatives hold their session under a large tree.
Guy Johnson influences Iroquois against Americans.
Oneidas and Tuscaroras adhere to America.
Congress forms three Indian departments.
Meeting of Commissioners and Indians at Pittsburgh.
Connolly arrested in Maryland.

1775. Purchase by Wabash Company on Wabash river.
Capt. John Neville takes possession of Fort Pitt.
Provincial government of Pennsylvania denounces Judge Crawford.
A very large meeting at Haunastown of citizens of Western Pennsylvania.
1776. Monongalia county, Virginia, made from West Augusta.
Ohio county, Virginia, erected from. West Augusta district.
An attack on Detroit proposed in Congress.
Washington advises the employment of Indians.
Indians generally incline to the British.
Congress authorizes the employment of Indians.
Indians drive off Kentucky settlers.
George Rogers Clark moves to Kentucky.
Kentuckians choose delegates for Virginia Assembly.
Clark and Jones are their representatives.
Clark procures gunpowder from Virginia Council.
Virginia admits Kentucky among her counties.
Clark and Jones return from Virginia by Pittsburgh.
Jones is killed by Indians — Clark returns to Harrodsburg.
Kentucky settlements made Kentucky county, Virginia.
Fort Appleby built at Kittanning,
1777. Cornstalk (Indian chief,) murdered at Point Pleasant.
Congress of Indians and British at Oswego.
Kentucky infested with Northern Indians.
Kentucky elects (legally,) burgesses to Virginia Assembly.
Logan's station assailed by Indians.
Clark sends spies to Illinois.
Logan crosses the mountains for gunpowder.
Bowman, with one hundred men, comes West from Virginia.
Fort Henry (Wheeling,) attacked.
First court in Kentucky, at Harrodsburg.
The attack on Detroit urged in Congress.
Clark opens his plan of conquering Illinois to Governor Henry.
Harrodsburg attacked by Indians.
1778. Orders issued to Clark to attack lllinois.
Boone taken prisoner at Salt Licks, on Licking river.
Boone taken to Detroit, thence to Scioto,
Clark succeeds in gathering a small army at Louisville,
Clark passes falls of Ohio, and descends to Fort Massac.
Boone escapes from Indian captivity.
Clark marches from Ohio river towards Kaskaskia.
Clark conquers Kaskaskia, as likewise Cahokia,
Vincennes joins the American cause,
M'Intosh sent to command at Fort Pitt,
Fort M'Intosh, on the upper Ohio, built.
New Jersey objects to land claims of Virginia.
Boone makes an incursion against Indians on Scioto.
Boonsboro besieged by British and Indians.
Fort Laurens built on the Tuscarawas.
Clark holds council with Indians of the Illinois.


1778. Treaty with Delaware Indians at Pittsburgh.
Virginia grants Henderson and company the Green river land.
Governor Hamilton, from Detroit, re-takes Vincennes.
1779. Boundary between Pennsylvania and Virginia settled.
Clark is notified of the capture of Vincennes.
Clark's extraordinary march from Kaskaskia.
Clark's miraculous re-capture of Vincennes,
Governor Hamilton sent a prisoner to Virginia.
State of Delaware objects to land claims of Virginia.
Americans suspect and attack the Iroquois.
First settlement of Lexington, Kentucky.
Virginia passes additional land laws,
Maryland objects to land claims of Virginia.
Brodhead's expedition against the Allegheny Indians,
Sullivan's expedition against the Iroquois.
Bowman's expedition against Indians in Miami vaUey.
Fort Laurens on Tuscarawas abandoned.
Indians treat with Brodhead at Fort Pitt,
Rogers and Benham attacked by Indians,
Land Commissioners open their sessions in Kentucky,
Congress asks Virginia to reconsider land laws.
Continued Indian outrages about Fort Pitt.
1780. Hard winter. — Great suffering in the West.
New York authorizes a cession of Western lands.
Fort Jefferson built on the Mississippi.
Great emigration to the South- West.
Virginia grants lands in Kentucky for education.
St. Louis attacked by British and Indians.
Louisville established by law.
Byrd with a large force invades Kentucky.
Clark prepares to attack the Shawanese.
Clark builds block house opposite the mouth of Licking.
Marches thence to Upper Miami.
Clark defeats the Shawanese and destroys their property.
Battle of King's Mountain in N. Carolina.
Scarcity of provisions — almost famine at Fort Pitt.
South- Western boundary of Pennsylvania definitely established.
1781. Laws of Virgiuia prevent sale of provisions out of the State.
Renewed efforts for an expedition against Detroit.
Virginia makes her first act of cession.
Spaniards from St. Louis take Fort St. Josephs, near Lake Michigan.
Jay instructed that he may yield the navigation of Mississippi.
New York cedes her Western lands.
Brodhead attacks Delaware Indians on Muskingum.
Gen. G. B. Clark solicits aid from Western Pennsylvania.
Clark addresses CoL Lochry of Westmoreland.
Lochry, Orr and others raise a force and descend the Ohio.
lochry killed — his troops taken prisoners.
Mary Heckewelder born, first white child born in Ohio.
Americans begin to settle in Illinois.


1781. Chickasaws attack Fort Jefferson.
Moravians carried to Sandusky by British and Indians.
Moravian Missionary taken to Detroit.
Williamson leads a party against Moravian Indians.
Clark forestalls surplus provisions of Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvanians disgusted with the grasping conduct of Clark.
Col. Brodhead prevents Virginians removing cannon from Pitt.
Great emigration of girls to Kentucky.
Washington comity, Pennsylvania, established.
1782. British establish a military post at Sandusky.
Moravian Indians murdered by Americans.
Moravian missionaries taken to Detroit.
Attack on Estill's station-whites defeated.
Crawford's expedition — taken prisoner and burnt.
Attack on Bryant's station.
Battle at the Blue Licks ; Kentuckians defeated.
Land offices opened for Virgmia lands.
Clark's second incursion through Miami valley.
Provisional articles of peace with Great Britain.
Rice's Fort, near Wheeling, assailed by Indians.
Lexington, Ky., incorporated by Virginia Assembly.
Fort Nelson built at faUs of Ohio, Louisvlle.
Catfish, (Washington,) Pennsylvania, first laid out as a town.
1783. Hostilities between United States and Great Britian cease.
Kentucky formed into one district.
Congress calls on the States to cede lands.
Peace proclaimed to the army.
English propose to carry away slaves.
Washington protests against course of English.
Rufns Putnam applies for lands in the West.
Baron Steuben sent to receive Western posts.
Cassaty sent to Detroit.
Virginia withdraws Clark's commission.
Definitive treaty of Peace.
Washington writes to Duane about Western lands.
Congress proposes terms of cession to Virginia.
Congress forbids all purchases of Indian lands.
Congress instructs Indian Commissioners.
Virginia grants Clark and his soldiers lands.
Virginia authorizes cession on terms proposed.
British leave New York, (taking slaves.)
CoL Daniel Brodhea,d opens first store in Kentucky, at Louisville.
1784. Col. James Wilkinson opens second store in Kentucky, at Lexington.
Treaty of Peace ratified by the United States.
Virginia gives deed of cession.
Indian commissioaers re4nBtruoted.
Pittsburgh re-surveyed ; population increases.
Treaty of Peace ratified by England.
Virginia refuses to comply with treaty.

1784. England refuses to deliver up Western posts.
Treaty with Iroquois at Fort Stanwix.
Logan calls a meeting at Danville.
First Kentucky Convention meets.
Kentucky receives many emigrants.
Maysville, Kentucky, settled.
1735, Treaty with Delawares, &c., at Fort M'Intosh.
Severe penalty against settling north of Ohio river.
All previous settlers forced from their homes.
Officers of United States enjoined to prevent familes crossing Ohio.
An attempt to settle at mouth of Scioto in defiance of law.
The aggressors are killed by Indians.
Ordinance for the survey of Western lands passed.
Second Kentucky Convention meets.
Don Gardoqui comes from Spain.
Third Kentucky Convention meets.
A colony emigrates from Virginia to Illinois.
Great confederacy of Northern Indians formed by Brant.
Fort Harmar built at mouth of Muskingum.
First survey of lands in the North-West Territory, (Congress land.)
Morgantown, Virginia, established.
1786. Brant visits England to learn purposes of ministers.
Virginia agrees to independence of Kentucky.
Putnam and Tupper call meeting to form Ohio Company.
Treaty with Shawanese at Fort Finney, (mouth of Miami.)
Ohio Company of associates formed.
Governor of Virginia writes to Congress respecting Indian invasions.
The negotiation about Mississippi before Congress.
Resolution of Congress produces cession by Connecticut.
Congress authorizes the invasion of North-Western Territory.
Pittsburgh Gazette commenced ; first printing in Ohio valley.
Jay authorized to yield navigation of Mississippi at a definite term.
Pursuant to invasion of N. W. Territory, Clark marches to Vincennes.
Clark ascends the Wabash to Vermilion river.
Kentucky troops become mutinous, and return home without discharge.
Clark abandons the expedition, and returns to Vincennes.
Connecticut makes a second act of cession.
Americans seize Spanish property at Vincennes.
Virginia protests against yielding navigation of Mississippi.
Great dissatisfaction throughout the West.
Governor of Virginia informed of Clark's movements.
Great Indian council in North-West — they address Congress.
Frankfort, Kentucky, established by Virginia Assembly.
1787. Fourth Kentucky convention meets.
New England Ohio Land Company choose directors.
Meeting in Kentucky relative to navigation of Mississippi.
Wilkinson goes to New Orleans.
Dr. Cutler negotiates with Congress for lands.
Congress makes order in favor of Ohio Company.


1787. Ordinance passed for government of North West Territory.
Innis refuses to prosecute invaders of Indian lands.
Kentucky Gazette established at Lexington.
Symmes of New Jersey applies for land.
First entries of Virginia reserve lands North of the Ohio.
Fifth Kentucky convention meets.
New England Ohio Land Company completes a contract.
Symmes' application referred to Board of Treasury.
United States troops ordered West.
St. Clair appointed Governor of North-Western Territory.
New Englanders of Ohio Land Company prepare to go West.
Symmes issues proposals for settlers.
John Brown, first Western Representative, goes to Congress.
Fort Franklin, on the site of Franklin, Pennsylvania, buUt.
1788. Indians expected to make a treaty at Marietta.
Denham purchases the site of Losantiville, (Cincinnati.)
The admission of Kentucky debated in Congress.
New Englanders of Ohio Company land at Muskingum.
Marietta and her avenues named with pomp and pageantry.
Admission of Kentucky refused by Congress.
St. Clair reaches the North-Western Territory.
Sixth Kentucky convention meets.
First law of North-Western Territory published.
Symmes starts for the West.
Losantiville (Cincinnati) planned and surveyed.
First Court held at Marietta.
Symmes reaches his purchase ; is overjoyed.
Another Grand Indian council in the North-West.
Indians forbid treaties with separate nations.
Seventh Kentucky convention meets.
Columbia settled by Stites and others.
Doctor ConnoUy in Kentucky as a spy and British agent.
The founder of Cincinnati leaves Maysville.
Cincinnati reached according to McMillan.
Virginia passes third act to make Kentucky independent.
Colonel George Morgan, of New Jersey, at New Madrid.
Almanacs first printed at Lexington, Kentucky.
, Great emigration West: about five thousand persons pass Fort Harmar.
Maysville, Kentucky, established a town.
1789. Treaty of Fort Harmar concluded.
Wilkinson goes to New Orleans again.
Daniel Story first clergyman and teacher at Marietta.
Symmes' settlement threatened by Indians,
The force sent to protect Symmes go to LosantiviUe.
Major Doughty builds Fort Washington at Losantiville, (Cincinnati.)
Western scouts withdrawn by Virginia.
Eighth Kentucky convention meets.
Governor Miro of New Orleans writes to Sebastian.
Congress empowers President to call out Western militia.
President authorizes Governor St. Clair to call out militia.

1789. General Harmar reaches Fort Washington with three hundred troops.
Thomas Hutchins, United States Geographer, died at Pittsburgh.
Fort Steuben, (or blockhouse) built near Charleston, on upper Ohio river.
1790. Governor St. Clair arrives at LosantiviUe and names it Cincinnati.
Governor St. Clair descends the Ohio to Fort Steuben, (Jeffersonville. )
Governor St. Clair proceeds to Vincennes.
Governor St. Clair crosses prairies to Kaskaskia.
Antoine Gamelin sent to upper Wabash Indians.
Indian hostilities take place.
St. Clair calls out Western militia.
Ninth Kentucky convention meets.
Troops gather at Fort Washington, (Cincinnati. )
Harmar leaves Fort Washington and marches northward.
Colonel Hardin with the advance reaches Miami villages.
Main army reaches Miami villages.
Camp at Miaani village ; men behave unsoldier-like.
Colonel Trotter is sent to reconnoitre the Indian haunts.
Hardin attacks Indians ; not successfully.
Hardin desires another trial with Indians ; is again defeated.
Harmar looses all confidence in the militia.
Harmar dissatisfied with Colonel Trotter.
Harmar marches on return to Fort Washington.
Army halts at old Chillicothe ; soldiers disobedient.
Militia men are punished by whipping.
Harmar reprimands Colonel Trotter and Major McMllen.
Mutiny of Kentuckians quashed — army proceeds to Fort Washington.
Western inhabitants petition Congress to fight Indians in their own way.
Massey and others contract to settle Manchester.
1791. Big Bottom settlement destroyed by Indians.
Excise laid on ardent spirits by Congress.
General Charles Scott authorized to march against Indians.
Proctor starts on his Western mission.
Proctor reaches Buffalo creek.
ifroctor is refused a vessel to cross Lake Erie.
Family of Kirkpatricks attacked at morning worship and murdered by Indians
in Armstrong county, Pennsylvania.
St. Clair at Fort Washington preparing his expedition.
Proctor abandons his mission and returns.
General Charles Scott marches against Wabash Indiana.
Meeting at Brownsville, Pennsylvania, against excise.
Wilkinson marches against Eel river Indians.
Excise officers of Allegheny and Washington counties, Pennsylvania, assailed.
Meeting at Pittsburgh to oppose excise law.
St. Clair commences his march northward.
St. Clair builds Fort Hamilton on Great Miami.
St. Clair and Butler disagree.
St. Clair builds Fort Jefferson in North-Western Territory.
St. Clair marches north, towards head of Maumee.
St. Clair arrives at a branch of Wabash, supposed to be the St. Mary's
St. Clair is attacked and defeated. Army disorganized.


1791. Portion of the army returns to Fort Washington.
Feeble garrisons are left at Forts Jefferson and Hamilton.
Terror of Indian invasion expressed by Western Pennsylvania and Virginia.
Massacre of Jolly's family, near Wheeling.
1792. Peace offered by the United States to Western Indians, through the Senecas.
Pond and Stedman sent West as peace-makers.
Brant invited by government to Philadelphia.
Wilkinson sends a party to the field of St. Clair's defeat.
Gallipolis settled by deluded French colonists.
Iroquois chiefs visit Philadelphia.
Instructions issued to Trueman.
Kentucky admitted into the Union as a State.
Excise law amended, though not to satisfaction.
Hendrick, a Stockbridge Indian chief, sent West.
Instructions issued to Rufus Putnam.
Trueman and Hardin leave Fort Washington.
Pennsylvania purchases from Congress the Triangle tract.
Gen. Wayne moves westward.
Brant, pursuant to invitation, visits Philadelphia.
Fire lands given to sufferers by Connecticut.
Great anti-excise meeting at Pittsburgh.
Bufus Putnam makes treaty with Indians at Vincennes.
Great Indian Council at "Orand Glaize," (Fort Defiance.)
Adair attacked near Fort St. Clair.
Opposition to excise law diminishes.
United States troops at Legionville, on the Ohio.
1798. United States Legion goes down to Cincinnati.
Last Indian depredation in Kentucky.
Pickering and others appointed to treat with Indians at Maumee.
Unusual preparations for a council and treaty at Sandusky.
Citizen Genet reaches the United States.
Commissioners for council with Indians reach Niagara.
Genet is presented to Washington.
First Democratic Society in Philadelphia.
Commissioners correspond with Governor Simcoe.
Commissioners meet Brant and hold a council.
Commissioners at ElUott's house, head of Lake Erie.
Indians arrive at ElUott's, and meet Commissionerr.
Indians decline meeting Americans at Sandusky.
Final action of the Commissioners and Indians.
Wayne leaves Cincinnati with his legion.
Wayne encamps at Greenville.
Wayne is joined by Kentuckians, under Scott.
Lowry and Boyd attacked near Fort St. Clair.
French emissaries sent West.
Field of St. Clair's defeat visited by Wayne.
Fort Recovery built on St. Clair's battle ground.
Western people dissatisfied with government.
Opposition to excise feebler.
First session of Kentucky Assembly at Frankfort.
Brant gives the true character of the British.


1794. Fort built at Le Boeuf (Waterford,) by Major Denny.
Whisky riots re-commence.
Lord Dorchester's speech to Indians.
The Mingo Creek Association formed.
Wayne prepares for his campaign.
Governor Simcoe builds a fort on Maumee.
Democratic Society formed at Pittsburgh.
Spaniards offer help to Indians.
French emissaries forced to leave the West.
Contest respecting Presqu' Isle.
Indians attack Fort Recovery.
Suits commenced against whisky rioters.
Gathering about NeviUe's house.
Neville's house burnt.
Meeting at Mingo Creek.
Mail robbed by Bradford.
Charles Scott, with fifteen hundred men, joins Wayne.
Great gathering at Braddock's field.
Washington issues proclamation against insurgents.
Wayne marches toward Maumee.
Wayne sends his last message to Indians.
Wayne commences bmlding Fort Defiance.
Wayne builds Fort Deposit.
Wayne meets and conquers Indians.
Wayne's correspondence with Col. Campbell.
Wayne threatens Fort Mianu.
Wayne returns to Fort Defiance and finishes it.
Wayne marches to head of Maumee.
Fort Wayne built at head of Maumee.
Commissioners of government meet whisky insurgents.
British try to prevent Indians making peace.
Vote taken upon obedience to the law in Pennsylvania.
Vote not satisfactory to the government.
Washington calls out militia of four States.
Gen. Lee marches, with miUtia, against insurgents.
The most guilty malcontents escape by flight.
The less guilty surrender without resistance.
Indians ask for peace of Col. Hamtramck.
Last depredation by Indians in Western Virginia.
Sandy Lake Fort, Minnesota, erected.
1795. Block-house built at Presqu' Isle (Erie,) by Gen. Irvine.
Indians sign preliminaries of a treaty.
Prisoners are interchanged.
Connecticut prepares to sell her reserve.
Council of Greenville opens.
The Baron de Carondelet writes to Sebastian.
Jay's protracted treaty finished.
Treaty of Greenville signed.
Council with Indians at Greenville closed.
Grant by Congress to Gallipolis settlers.
Connecticut sells Western Reserve to land company.


1795. Pinokney concludes a treaty with Spain.
Dayton, Ohio, laid out by Ludlow.
1796. Chillicothe, Ohio, laid off and settled.
Sebastian visits the South-West.
Cleveland, Ohio, laid out and named.
British surrender posts in the North-West.
Difficulties with Spain recommence.
Gen. Wayne died at Presqu' Isle, (Erie.)
First paper manufactory in the West.
Dayton, Ohio, first populated.
Congress donates land to Ebenezer Zane.
Fort Maiden, Canada West, building commenced.
Tract of land granted to the Zanes.
1797. Power visits Kentucky and writes to Sebastian.
Daniel Boone moves west of Mississippi.
Occupyiag claimant law of Kentucky passed.
Cleveland, Ohio, first populated.
Brooke county, Virginia, erected.
British subjects from Detroit settle near Fort Maiden.
1798. Willam Henry Harrison made Secretary of North-West Territory.
Alien and sedition laws passed.
Nullifying resolutions in Kentucky.
Representatives for North-Western Territory first chosen.
Washington appointed (a second time,) commander-in-chief of American army.
Steubenville, Ohio, founded — streets surveyed at right angles.
Transylvania University estabUshed at Lexington, Kentucky.
Amhertsburg, adjacent to Fort Maiden, settled by Britons from Detroit.
1799. Greensburg, Pennsylvania, incorporated a borough.
Representatives of North-Western Territory meet.
Representatives nominate candidates for Council.
Assembly of North-Western Territory organize at Cincinnati.
W. H. Harrison appointed delegate in Congress from North-West Territory.
Zanesvlle laid out and settled on Zane's tract,
1800. Great increase of products sent from Ohio river.
Indiana Territory formed.
Connecticut yields jurisdiction of her reserve.
United States gives Connecticut patents for the soil.
Treaty of St. Hdefonso.
Assembly of North-West Territory meets at Chillicothe.
First missionary in Connecticut Reserve.
Lancaster, Ohio, surveyed and settled.
Congress authorizes the President to make inquiry for copper-mines in North-
West.
President, John Adams, appoints an agent to examine the south side of Lake
Superior.
A number of new counties made in Western Pennsylvania.

1801. W. H. Harrison appointed Governor of Indiana Territory.
St. Clair re-appointed Governor of North-West Territory.
Legislature of North-West Territory again at Cincinnati.
Worthington made agent to procure a State Government for Ohio.
Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, incorporated a borough.
Beaver, Pennsylvania, incorporated a borough.
Louisiana ceded by Spain to France.
1802. University at Athens, Ohio, established.
First bank in Kentucky.
Congress agree that Ohio may become a State.
The Spanish Intendant forbids the use of N. Orleans by Americans.
Convention meets and forms a constitution for Ohio.
Constitution for Ohio finished.
Cincinnati incorporated a borough.
Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, chartered and organized.
Convention at Pittsburgh to form an exporting company.
Advent of French Swiss to Indiana.
1803. Congress approbates the constitution, and declares Ohio a State.
New Orleans made free for American shipping.
Livingston and Monroe in France ; purchase Louisiana.
Lands located for Miami University.
Miami Exporting Company at Cincinnati chartered.
United States Senate ratify the purchase of Louisiana.
Louisiana given up to the Americans.
Xenia, Ohio, town plat surveyed.
Col. Hamtramck died at Detroit.
D. Goforth discovered mammoth skeleton at Big Bone Lick, Ky.
1804. Fort Dearborn built at Chicago.
Territory of Orleans and district of Upper Louisiana organized.
Lewis and Clark start on their expedition.
Immense quantity of land purchased from Sac and Fox Indians.
Ohio University chartered by State legislature.
First inhabitants in Xenia, Ohio.
Harmonie Society settle in Butler county, Pennsylvania.
Kittanning, Pennsylvania, surveyed and settled.
1805. Michigan Territory formed.
Detroit, (old town,) burnt to the ground.
Burr's first visit to the West.
General Assembly meet in Indiana Territory.
Tecumthe and the Prophet begin to influence the Indians.
Indians sell all their land in North-Eastern Ohio.
Pike ascends and explores the Mississippi above St. Anthony's.
Pike purchases land for military stations on Upper Mississippi.
Steubenville, Ohio, incorporated a borough.
1806. Great ecUpse of the sun, June 16th.
Burr again active; writes to Wilkinson.
Spaniards cross the Sabine river.



1806. Burr again goes West; is at Pittsburgh.
Lewis and Clark return from Oregon.
Daviess tries to arrest Burr.
Sebastian found guilty by Kentucky Legislature.
Burr's men descend the Ohio river.
Burr's boats and stores arrested.
Burr meets his men at the mouth of Cumberland.
Pike's expedition to heads of Arkansas.
Washington College, Pennsylvania, incorporated;
1807. Burr yields to civil authority of Mississippi.
Burr escapes and is seized.
Burr's trial at Richmond.
Petition for slavery in Indiana territory.
Bank of Kentucky chartered.
Brant, the celebrated king of Mohawk Indians, died.
Merriweather Lewis appointed governor of Upper Louisiana,
G. O. Moreau arrived at Pittsburgh.
1808. Bank of Marietta, Ohio, chartered.
Bank of Chillcothe, Ohio, chartered.
Tecumthe and the Prophet remove to Tippecanoe.
Madison, Indiana, settled.
Rev. David Zeisberger, Moravian missionary, died, aged eighty-seven,
Harrison's first interview with Tecumseh.
1809. Vincennes is four weeks without a mail
Illinois Territory formed.
Miami University chartered.
Settlement made at Boone's Lick, Missouri.
Missouri Fur Company formed at St. Louis. 
Governor Lewis, of Missouri, alarmed at Indians ; calls out militia.
1810. Second interview of Harrison with Tecumthe.
A trapper and hunter, named Colter, descended Missouri via Jefferson river, three
thousand miles, alone.
Monks of La Trappe locate at the Great Mound on American Bottom, IIlinois.
1811. Pittsburgh Magazine Almanac published by Cramer, Spear and Eichbaum.
Company of rangers organized in Illinois.
Mammoth Cave discovered in Kentucky.
Tecumthe goes to the South.
Harrison proposes to visit Indians.
Harrison marches toward Tippecanoe.
First steamboat (named New Orleans) leaves Pittsburgh.
Battle of Tippecanoe.
Great earthquakes begin.
Western people generally in consternation.
Hudson's Bay Company's grant to Lord Selkirk.
Meadville Academy incorporated by act of Assembly, March 20.
1812. Governor Meigs, of Ohio, calls for 1200 volunteers or miltia.
General Hull marches from Dayton, Ohio.


1812. Declaration of war against England.
British at Maiden informed of the declaration of war.
Hull encounters a tedious and tiresome march through the forest.
Hull arrives at Maumee, near the head of Lake Erie.
Hull sends men and goods by water to Detroit.
Hull first informed of declaration of war.
Americans cross to Sandwich, Canada.
Mackinac surprised and taken by the British.
American army returns to Detroit.
Brock reaches Maiden, and advances to Sandwich.
Brock crosses to Detroit; Hull surrenders.
A detachment of Hull's army defeated at Brownstown.
Massacre of troops and famiUes near Chicago.
Fort Harrison attacked by Indians.
W. H. Harrison appointed commander in North-West.
Governor Edwards and General Hopkins' plan to conquer Indians.
General Hopkins with a large force at Vincennes.
Hopkins marches up Wabash and crosses at Fort Harrison.
Hopkins enters the prairies, and marches to meet Edwards.
Hopkins' officers are disobedient, revolt and return to Kentucky.
Edwards attacks the Indians on Illinois river.
Hopkins makes an expedition to Upper Wabash.
Lord Selkirk plants colony on Red river,
Hopkins attacks Indians on Ponce Passu (Wild Cat) river.
Generals Winchester and Harrison meet at Fort Wayne,
Winchester marches to Fort Defiance. '
Harrison makes head-quarters at Franklinton, Ohio.
Col. Campbell attacks Indians on Mississinewa.
Inhabitants at river Raisin importune Winchester for aid.
Massacre of familes at Pigeon creek, Scott county, Indiana, by Indians,
Ohio Legislature selects "High Bank" of Scioto river for capital.
Little Turtle, the famous Miami Indian war chief, died.
Name of Upper Louisiana changed to Missouri Territory.
1813. Winchester marches down Maumee to the Rapids.
Winchester again importuned for help ; sends troops to Frenchtown.
British at Frenchtown first defeated.
Americans defeated at Frenchtown with great loss.
Massacre of the wounded at Frenchtown,
Harrison retreats to Portage river. ,
Harrison returns to Maumee and builds Fort Meigs.
Fort Meigs besieged.
General Clay reaches Fort Meigs ; Dudley's party lost,
British return to Maiden.
British fleet prepare to attack Erie.
Fort Stephenson besieged.
Siege of Fort Stephenson raised.
Perry's vessels first leave Erie harbor.
Victory by Perry on Lake Erie,
British troops evacuate Maiden ; Citizens remain at Amhertsburg,
Americans take possession of Amhertsburg and make it head-quarters.
American Government re-established in Lower Michigan.


1813. Battle of the Thames in Canada.
Buffalo burnt by the British.
New Albany, Indiana, founded,
Vevay, Indiana, settled by Dufours.
Monks of La Trappe leave Illinois and return to France,
1814. Holmes' expedition into Canada,
John Cleves Symmes died at Cincinnati,
Expedition under Croghan against Mackinac.
Governor Clark's expedition to Prairie du Chien ; Fort Shelby built.
Lieutenant Campbell sent to reinforce Fort Shelby.
Campbell attacked by Indians at Upper Rapids.
Campbell is defeated and returns to St. Louis.
Fort Wayne rebuilt.
Major Taylor's expedition on Upper Mississippi. 
Major Taylor meets Indians at Rock Island.
Major Taylor is attacked by Indians; defeated and retreats.
Second grand Indian treaty at GreenvUle, Ohio.
M' Arthur's expedition into Canada.
Treaty of Ghent, preliminaries of peace with England.
Fort Erie taken by General Brown.
Evansville, Indiana, surveyed and settled.
Cleveland, Ohio, incorporated a Borough.
1815. Treaty with eight Indian tribes at Detroit.
Various treaties with Indians.
Ohio taxes banking capital.
1816. Act of Congress excluding foreigners from Indian trade.
Pittsburgh incorporated a city.
Columbus made capital of Ohio.
Bank of Shawneetown chartered.
General banking law of Ohio passed.
Indiana admitted into the Union.
Terre Haute, Indiana, settlement made.
Richmond, Indiana, founded and settled by "Friends Society."
Lord Selkirk conquers North West Company, takes Fort William.
Explosion of the Steam Boat Washington, Point Hanuan.
1817. First Steam Boat at St. Louis.
Northwest of Ohio purchased from Indians.
United States Bank opens branches at Cincinnati and Chillicothe.
Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylvania, incorporated.
Fort Dearbom, at Chicago, re-built.
Butler, Pennsylvania, incorporated a Borough.
1818. Illinois becomes a State.
General St. Clair died at his residence in Westmoreland county. Pa.
General G. R. Clark died near Louisville, Kentucky.
Bishop Dubourg arrives at St. Louis.
First Manufactory of fine flour at Prairie du Chien.
Treaty at St. Mary's, Ohio, with Wyandot, Seneca and Shawanese Indians.


1819. First Steam Boats on the Missouri river.
First Steam Boat on Lake Erie.
Miltary post established at Council Bluffs.
Expedition to the Yellow Stone river.
Contest of Ohio with the United States Bank.
Indian treaty at Edwardsville, Illinois.
Cincinnati incorporated a city. '
Great depression in financial affairs in Pennsylvania.
Fort Snelling built at mouth of St. Peter's.
Fort Crawford built at Prairie du Chien.
Citizens of Missouri Territory move for State Government.
1820. Indiana Legislature appoint commissioners to locate seat of government.
Nullification resolutions of Ohio.
Constitution fornfed for Missouri State.
Congress refuses Missouri Constitution.
Governor Cass visits Lake Superior and Upper Mississippi.
1821. Missouri received into the Union by proclamation of President.
Indianapolis made permanent seat of government for Indiana.
Epidemic Fever at St. Louis, Missouri. Great mortality.
Kittanning, Pennsylvania, incorporated a Borough,
1822. Ohio moves in relation to Schools and Canals.
Population of St. Louis diminished by sickness and financial depression.
1823, Steam Boat Tennessee sunk near Natchez.
Illinois moves in relation to Canals.
Commencement of stone paving streets in St. Louis.
1824. Slavery contest in the State of Illinois,
Seminary estabUshed at Bloomington, Indiana.
St. Louis revives and re-commences improvements.
From December until March, 1825, mostly warm sunshine weather at Cincinnati.
1825. Ohio passes Canal and School Laws.
Governor Clark held council with Osage Indians.
General James Wilkinson died.
La Fayette, Indiana, planned and surveyed.
First legislation at Indianapolis.
Maj, Gen, La Fayette ascended the Ohio river. Steamboat "Mechanic" sunk
on his passage.
United States grant 300,000 acres of land to Illinois for canal.
La Fayette, Indiana, begins to populate.
1826. First steam boat on Lake Michigan.
Kenyon College founded at Gambler, Ohio.
Western Reserve College, at Hudson, Ohio, chartered.
1827. Congress donates lands for Wabash and Erie Canal.
'Fort Leavenworth, (Kansas,) built and garrisoned.
First Seminary built and opened in IlUnois.


1827. First Grammar School at South Hanover, Indiana.
From December until March, 1828, rain fell nearly every day.
1828. Extraordinary increase of lead mining at Galena, lllinois.
1829. Steubenville Female Seminary established.
Fort Leavenworth threatened by Indians.
1830. Treaty with Keokuk at Prairie du Chien.
Attempt to drive Black Hawk west of Mississippi.
1831. Punishment by hard labor and imprisonment commenced in Illinois.
Black Hawk is hostile, and is driven across the Mississippi.
Black Hawk War commenced.
Legislature of Indiana authorizes making Wabash and Erie Canal.
Illinois militia are sent against Black Hawk.
United States troops sent against Black Hawk.
Black Hawk makes treaty at Fort Armstrong, and confirms the treaty of 1804.
1832. Great flood of the Ohio river.
Indianans commence Erie and Wabash Canal.
First steamboat at Chicago.
Maysville, Kentucky, incorporated a city.
College edifice at South Hanover erected and charter obtained.
Granville (Baptist) College, Ohio, chartered.
Schoolcraft's expedition to the source of Mississippi.
Indians reassert their rights, and war is resumed.
Black Hawk, in great force, returns east of Mississippi.
Stillman and party defeated near Rook river.
Black Hawk defeated on Wisconsin.
Black Hawk defeated on Mississippi.
Black Hawk delivered to United States government.
Cholera among Scott's troops and along the Lakes.
Final treaty with Sac and Fox Indians.
First epidemic Cholera on Ohio and Mississippi.
Two hundred U. S. soldiers died of cholera at Fort Gratiot
1833. First settlement made in Iowa.
Extraordinary meteoric storm in November.
Trouble about boundary betwerai Ohio State and Michigan Tenitary.
Governor of Ohio sends miUtia troops to the border.
Stockbridge and Brotherton Indians emigrate to Michigan Territory.
1834. John O'Connor condemned and executed at Du Buque, without law.
Oberlin Institute, Ohio, chartered, with University privileges.
Gazetteer of HUnois, pubHshed at JacksonviUe.
Termination of bank charters in Ohio.
Wabash College, Crawfbrdville, Indiana, incorporated.
Capitol of Indiana, at IndianapoUs, finished.
Late in May aU foliage in the West destroyed by frost,
1835. Wabash College, Oraw-fordvilifi, Indiana, organized.
Michigan forms a Constitution for State govenment.


1835. Congress refuses the Constitution, but offers terms.
, Oberlin Institute organized as a College.
Millwaukie, Wisconsin, surveyed. (Previously settled.)
1836. Madison, Wisconsin, planned and surveyed.
Cornplanter, Seneca Indian Chief, died, aged about one hundred years.
The conditions offered by Congress to Michigan rejected.
Illinois and Michigan Canal commenced.
Territory of Wisconsin (including Iowa) organized.
Cleveland, Ohio, incorporated a city.
Mania of land and town lot trading in Chicago.
American Cannel Coal Company chartered, Indiana.
Heatherly War in Western Missouri.
Nicollet explores Mississippi to its source.
1837. Michigan complies with the terms of Congress, and becomes a State.
Internal improvement system adopted in IlUnois.
Riots at Alton, Hlinois: Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy killed.
Chicago is incorporated as a city.
State House of Missouri, at Jefferson City, burnt.
Asbury University, at Green Castle, Indiana, chartered.
Explosion of the steamer "Du Buque," off Muscatine bar.
Steamboat "Ben Sherrod" burnt on Mississippi river.
1838. Explosion of the steam boat "Moselie," near Cincinnati.
Territory of Iowa organized.
Contest with Mormons in Missouri.
Death of Governor WUUam Clark of Missouri.
Indiana University, at Bloomington, Indiana, chartered.
Financial affairs at Chicago in desperate condition.
Exceeding drought: Ohio river scarcely navigable from July until Jan. 1839.
1838-39. Trouble between Missouri and Iowa Territory about boimdary.
Militia forces sent to the border by each government.
1839. Bank Commissioners appointed in Ohio.
Mormons retreat to Illinois, and locate at Commerce.
Mormons change the name of their new location to Nauvoo.
The first steam arrival at Sault Ste. Marie. (The "Lexington.")
Stockbridge and Brothertown Indians, in Wisconsin Territory, made citizens of
the United States.
1839-40. Iowa City located and made seat of Government.
1840. Presbyterian Theological Seminary removed to New Albany, Indiana.
Bloody tragedy at Bellevue, Iowa: seven men killed.
Great political excitement in the presidential canvass,
1841. Death of W. H, Harrison, President of the United States,
Public improvements cease in Illinois.
Great depression in financial matters throughout the West,
Smith Maythe and Lyman Crouch hung without trial in Kentucky.


1841. Bethany College founded by Rev. Alexander Campbell, D. D.
Wabash and Erie Canal completed to La Fayette,
Lake steam boat "Erie," burnt: more than one hundred lives lost,
1842, Fort Des Moines, Iowa Territory, built and garrisoned,
Cincinnati Astronomical Society founded.
Col. John C, Fremont's expedition left St. Louis.
1842-3. Excessively cold and protracted winter.
1843, Illinois Banks closed by Legislature.
Corner stone of Cincinnati Observatory laid.
Dreadful Massacre of the Chippewa Indians by the Sioux, in Minnesota,
1844, Steam boat "Shepherdess" sunk near St. Louis.
Great flood of Mississippi and Missouri rivers.
Steam boat navigation over the American Bottom.
American Bottom submerged sixty-five miles.
State Constitution formed for Iowa not accepted by Congress.
Capt. J. Allen ascends Des Moines river to its source.
Steam boat "Lucy Walker" exploded near New Albany.
1845. Banking law in Ohio for State and independent banks.
Illinois negotiates with bond-holders to finish canal.
Conflagration of one-fourth of Pittsburgh.
Wittemberg College, at Springfield, Ohio, chartered.
1846. Public improvements of Illinois resumed.
Convention in Wisconsin prepare a Constitution for State.
Constitution for Wisconsin rejected by Congress.
Milwaukie, Wisconsin, chartered by Territorial Legislature.
Meadville Theological School incorporated.
1847. Collusion of schooner and steam boat near Conueaut, Ohio.
Convention in Illinois forms a new Constitution.
Charter of Asbury University, Indiana, amended.
Friends' High School established at Richmond, Indiana.
Explosion of steam boat "A. N. Johnston" near Manchester, Ohio.
Steam boat "Phoenix" burnt on Lake Michigan.
1848. Constitution of lUinois adopted by the people.
Michigan and Illinois canal completed.
Wisconsin forms a Constitution which is accepted by Congress.
California gold hunting commences.
1849. Minnesota Territory organized.
Cholera is again epidemic on Mississippi and Ohio rivers.
Epidemic cholera and gi^at fire at St. Louis.
O'Plain river (branch of lUinois,) flowed from its course.
Pacific Rail Road Convention at St. Louis.
Migration to CaUfornia, via Missouri river, commences.


1849. Steam boat "Virginia" exploded, between Wheeling and Steubenville.
Oiiio moves for a new Constitution.
1850. Rt. Rev. Benedict Joseph Flaget, first Catholic Bishop in the West, died at
Louisville, Kentucky.
California gold hunters ascend Missouri river in great numbers.
Dreadful mortality from cholera among California emigrants on Missouri river.
Great migration to Minnesota Territory.
First steam boat above the Falls of St. Anthony.
Urbana University, Ohio, chartered.
Steam boat "G. P. Griffith" burnt on Lake Erie, with immense loss of life.
Ohio elects delegates to convention for new Constitution.
1851. Gen. Hugh Brady died at Detroit.
New Constitution for Ohio formed.
1853. Collision on rail road near Chicago — many lives lost.
1854. Explosion of steam boat " Kate Kearney" at St. Louis.
Kansas-Nebraska bill passed by Congress.
Summer and autumn of this year an unprecedented drouth.
Epidemic cholera at Pittsburgh.
This year closes with fearful forebodings of famine.
1855. Explosion of the steam boat "Lexington" on Ohio river.
From May until December of this year the Mississippi valley was visited with
an unusual quantity of rain.
Agriculturists rejoice in a large yield of the fruits of their toil
1856. Josiah Copley reports praeticabillty of improving the navigation of the Ohio
river, by means of dams and steam boat locks, at moderate expense.
First three months of this year much colder than usual.
Lowest water ever known at the head of the Ohio river.
Political excitement attending the Presidential campaign intense.