THE BEDFORDSHIRE & HERTFORDSHIRE REGIMENT CAP BADGE

 The Bedfordshire & Hertfordshire Regiment Cap Badge

 

 An highly collectable badge, which will no doubt increase in value.

Guaranteed new and unissued, in mint condition.  

  

Brief Regimental History

The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment (known as The Bedfordshire Regiment until 1919) was an Infantry Regiment of the Line in the British Army from 1881 to 1958. It was formed under the Childers reforms by a merger of the 16th Regiment of Foot (first raised in 1688) with the Militia Regiments and Rifle Volunteer Corps of Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire. The Regiment was merged with The Essex Regiment to form the 3rd East Anglian Regiment in 1958. The Regiment's lineage is continued by The Royal Anglian Regiment.

 

Formation and titles (1688 to 1751)

The origins of the Regiment go back to 9 October 1688 William of Orange was about to set sail from the Netherlands to mount a coup against his father-in-law King James II. He was expected to land somewhere along the south coast of England and so James II authorised his loyal supporter Archibald Douglas to raise a Regiment in the counties around Reading.

Archibald Douglas' Regiment of Foot however, refused James’s orders to march to London, displaced Douglas after less than three months as its Colonel and went over to William, who was now on the throne. 

James fled the country, allowing William to become King. Colonel Douglas, an adherent of the displaced Monarch, was replaced by Robert Hodges and the Regiment was allowed to continue in existence as part of William's Army.

William sent the Regiment to Flanders in 1689 and it returned there in 1701, serving throughout Marlborough's campaigns and fighting at 34 successful battles and sieges.

Until 1751 the Regiment was titled according to its string of ten Colonels:

• 1688: Archibald Douglas
• 1688–92: Robert Hodges
• 1692–1705: Honourable James Stanley: Earl of Derby from 1702
• 1705–11: Francis Godfrey
• 1711–12: Brigadier General Henry Durell (died 1 December 1712)
• 1713–15: Brigadier-General Hans Hamilton (appointed 23 June 1713)
• 1715–17: Richard Ingram, 5th Viscount of Irvine
• 1717–24: James Cholmeley
• 1724–30: Henry Scott, 4th Earl of Deloraine
• 1730–63: Roger Handasyd

 

Early service

The installation of William as King involved England in the wider Nine Years War. The Regiment quickly embarked for service overseas in April 1689, forming part of the Anglo-Dutch Forces in the Netherlands. They fought at the battles of Walcourt (1689), Steenkirk (1692) and Neer Landen (1693). In 1695 they took part in the siege and capture of Namur and remained in Flanders until the Treaty of Ryswick ended the war in 1697. 

From 1697–1701 the Regiment was stationed in Carrickfergus in Ireland. By June 1701 war had again broken out with France, and it sailed for the Netherlands once more. The Regiment saw continuous service in the Netherlands and Germany from 1702–1712 under the Command of the Duke of Marlborough.

They participated in the capture of Liège in 1702, the Battles of Schellenberg and Blenheim in 1704, the Battle of Ramillies in 1706, the Battle of Oudenarde and Siege of Lille in 1708, at which Sergeant Littler of the Regiment swam a river with a hatchet and cut down a drawbridge under enemy fire. This won him a commission in another Regiment and he later rose to Lieutenant Colonel.

The Battle of Malplaquet in 1709. 

In 1714 the Regiment sailed from Dunkirk to Leith in Scotland. It was subsequently stationed in Stirling before moving to Garrison Fort William during the Jacobite Rising of 1715. The Regiment remained on Home Service duties at various locations in Great Britain.

In 1739 war broke out with Spain. The conflict, later dubbed the War of Jenkins' Ear, was mostly fought in the Caribbean and North America. The Regiment briefly served as Marines in 1740, before sailing for the West Indies. It arrived in Jamaica in January 1741, with a detachment subsequently taking part in the unsuccessful Battle of Cartagena de Indias in present-day Colombia later in the year. The assault took place in torrential rain and the Troops were nearly wiped out by disease.

In the meantime the conflict had widened out into the War of the Austrian Succession. The Regiment returned to England in 1742, and was ordered to Scotland to help repel the Jacobite Rising of 1745. By the time it arrived in Edinburgh the rebellion had been defeated, and the Regiment remained on Garrison duty at various Scottish locations until 1749, in which year it moved to Ireland.

16th Regiment of Foot (1751 to 1782)

In 1751 a Royal Warrant declared that Regiments should no longer be known by the name of their Colonel, but their number in the Order of Precedence, and Handasyd's duly became the 16th Regiment of Foot.
 

American War of Independence

The 16th Foot remained in Ireland until 1767, when it sailed to Florida, establishing a Headquarters at Pensacola with detachments in various areas of the territory. When the American War of Independence broke out in 1776, the Regiment was ordered to New York, but returned south in the following year to various Garrisons in Florida and Georgia. In 1778 Spanish forces invaded the area from Louisiana, and part of the 16th was captured with the fall of Baton Rouge. Other detachments helped repel French attacks on Savannah in September 1779 and Pensacola in May 1781. The remains of the 16th Foot returned to England, arriving in March 1782.
 

16th (Buckinghamshire) Regiment of Foot (1782 to 1809)

In August 1782 County designations were added to the numbers of the regiments of foot to encourage recruitment. The Regiment duly became the 16th (Buckinghamshire) Regiment of Foot. With the end of the American war, the Regiment was reduced to a peace-time compliment in 1783, and in the following year moved to Garrison duty in Ireland.

West Indies

In August 1790 the 16th Foot sailed to Nova Scotia, moving in the following year to Jamaica. In 1793 the French Plantation-owners of the Colony of Saint-Domingue signed an agreement to place the territory under British sovereignty in return for assistance in halting a slave rebellion. Soldiers of the 16th Foot formed part of the British detachment, but they were all but wiped out by disease: only one Officer and one Sergeant of the 16th returned alive to Jamaica in 1794.The 16th Foot, as part of the Garrison of Jamaica, fought in the Second Maroon War in 1795–96, before returning to England late in 1796. The much-depleted Regiment attempted to recruit in Scotland, before being brought up to strength by volunteers from English Militia Regiments in 1798. From 1799–1804 the 16th Foot was stationed in England, Scotland and Ireland.

Surinam

In January 1804 the 16th Foot sailed for Barbados, arriving in March. On arrival it formed part of an expeditionary force formed to capture the Dutch colony of Surinam. In May the Dutch forces surrendered. Detachments of the Regiment remained at various locations in Barbados and Surinam, returning gradually to England between 1810 and 1812.
 

16th (Bedfordshire) Regiment of Foot (1809 to 1881)

In 1809 titles were exchanged with the 14th (Bedfordshire) Regiment of Foot at the request of its Colonel who held substantial lands in Buckinghamshire, after which time it became the 16th (Bedfordshire) Regiment of Foot. The Regiment took no part in the Napoleonic Wars that was being fought on the continent of Europe, being stationed in England, Scotland and Ireland before sailing to Canada in 1814. It returned to England in August 1815, moving directly to France to form part of the Army of occupation following the final defeat of Napoleon. In 1816 the 16th Foot moved to Ireland, remaining there until 1819.

In 1820 the Regiment began a long term of Colonial service. It was stationed in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) until 1828, when it moved to the Bengal Presidency. It returned to England between December 1840 and January 1841. In 1843 it took up Garrison duties in Ireland, remaining there until 1846 when it moved to Gibraltar. In the following year they moved to Corfu, forming part of the Garrison of the United States of the Ionian Islands, a British protectorate.

In 1851 the 16th Foot returned to Jamaica, moving to Canada in 1854. It returned to the United Kingdom in 1857, where it was initially stationed in Ireland and moved to England in 1859.
 

Formation of Second Battalion and Service to 1881

Following the Indian Mutiny of 1857, the British Army took over responsibility for maintaining a Garrison in the sub-continent from the Honourable East India Company. This new commitment necessitated an increase in the size of the Army, and the 1st to 25th Regiments of Foot were each authorised to raise a second Battalion. Accordingly the 16th Foot raised a second Battalion in Ireland in July 1859. 

In 1861 both Battalions sailed separately to Canada, as part of a reinforcement of British Forces there in reaction to the American Civil War. The diplomatic crisis brought about by the Trent Affair (when the Union side in the Civil War breached the neutrality of British shipping) increased tensions, with expectations of war against the United States only receding in 1862. 

The 1st Battalion left Canada for Bermuda in 1865 and the 2nd moved to Barbados in 1866. In 1869 the 2nd Battalion returned to England, with the 1st Battalion moving to Ireland in 1870. The 1st Battalion remained at various home stations in Jersey (Channel Islands), England and Ireland, while the 2nd Battalion moved to Madras in India in 1876. 

In 1873, under reforms introduced by the Secretary of State for War, Edward Cardwell a "localisation" scheme for Infantry came into effect. This divided the country into sixty-six geographical Brigade Districts (generally consisting of one or more counties), with a Depot established in each district. Each Depot became the base for two paired Infantry Battalions, and at any one time one Battalion was on Foreign Service while the other was on Home Duties. The 16th Foot was assigned the 33rd Brigade District, consisting of the county of Bedfordshire, and a permanent Depot was established at Kempston Barracks outside Bedford.
 

The Bedfordshire Regiment (1881 to 1919)

Childers reforms

On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect. These were the logical continuation of the 1873 reforms: the Regimental numbers of Infantry Regiments were replaced with territorial titles, "Brigade districts" were renamed as "Regimental districts", and the local Militia and Rifle Volunteer Corps were affiliated to the new Regiments.

Accordingly the 16th Foot became The Bedfordshire Regiment. The Regimental district comprised the counties of Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire.
 

Regimental structure 

When the Bedfordshire Regiment was formed on July 1, 1881 it consisted of two Regular, two Militia and three Volunteer Battalions with the regimental depot bring based at Kempston Barracks :

• 1st Battalion (formerly 1st Battalion, 16th (Bedfordshire) Regiment of Foot raised 1688)
• 2nd Battalion (formerly 2nd Battalion, 16th (Bedfordshire) Regiment of Foot raised 1688)
• 3rd (Militia) Battalion (formerly Bedfordshire Light Infantry Militia)
• 4th (Militia) Battalion (formerly Hertfordshire Militia)
• 1st Hertfordshire Rifle Volunteer Corps: redesignated 1st (Hertfordshire) Volunteer Battalion in 1887
• 2nd Hertfordshire Rifle Volunteer Corps: redesignated 2nd (Hertfordshire) Volunteer Battalion in 1887
• 1st Bedfordshire Rifle Volunteer Corps: redesignated 3rd Volunteer Battalion in 1887

In 1900 the 4th (Huntingdonshire) Volunteer Battalion was raised.

Under the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 the Reserve Battalions were reorganised in 1908:

• The two Militia Battalions were renamed as the 3rd and 4th (Special Reserve) Battalions.
• The 1st and 2nd Volunteer Battalions were merged to form The Hertfordshire Battalion (Territorial Force)
• The 3rd and 4th VBs became the 5th Battalion (TF)

The following year the Hertfordshire Battalion left the Regiment to become the 1st Battalion The Hertfordshire Regiment. 
 

Service 1881–1914

On formation, the 1st Battalion the Bedfordshire Regiment was stationed at Newry in Ireland, while the 2nd was in India. The 1st Battalion remained on Home service in England and Malta until 1889, when it sailed for India. In 1895 it formed part of the Force that took part in the Relief of Chitral. The Battalion left India in 1907, arriving in England via Aden in the following year. In 1913 they were posted to Mullingar in Ireland. 

The 2nd Battalion served in India and Burma until 1891 when it returned to England, moving to Dublin in 1898. From there it moved to South Africa in 1900, taking part in the Second Boer War. In 1903 it returned to England and moved to Gibraltar in 1907, Bermuda in 1910 and to South Africa in 1912.

The 4th (Militia) Battalion was embodied in January 1900, and a contingent of officers and men embarked for service in South Africa the following month, taking part in the Second Boer War. Most of the battalion returned home on the SS Guelph in June 1902.
 

The First World War; 1914-1918

The Bedfordshire Regiment was greatly expanded during the First World War and was engaged on the Western Front and the Middle East.

The 1st (Regular) Battalion was mobilised from Garrison duty at Mullingar in Ireland in August 1914 and fought as part of the 15th Brigade, 5th Infantry Division from the Battle of Mons in August 1914 to the Battle of the Sambre on 4 November 1918. The Battalion served in every sector of the Western Front as well as in northern Italy, with Private Edward Warner winning a posthumous Victoria Cross on Hill 60 in May 1915.

The 2nd (Regular) Battalion was mobilised from Garrison duty in South Africa and landed in Zeebrugge on 6 October 1914, within the 'Immortal' 7th Infantry Division. It was engaged from the First Battle of Ypres in October 1914, through to the Battle of the Sambre (1918). It served entirely on the Western Front, with Captain Charles Calveley Foss winning the Victoria Cross during the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in March 1915.

The 3rd (Reserve) Battalion provided Home Defence in and around Felixstowe, Suffolk and remained there throughout the war.

The 4th (Special Reserve) Battalion were initially posted to the Felixstowe and Harwich Garrisons but were mobilised in July 1916, joining the 63rd (Royal Naval) Division on the Western Front that month. It was engaged from the Battle of the Ancre in November 1916, to the Passage of the Grand Honelle during the Hundred Days Offensives; its last shots being fired in anger on 10 November 1918. Acting Lieutenant-Colonel John Stanhope Collings-Wells won a posthumous Victoria Cross in March 1918 whilst commanding the Battalion through the German Spring Offensive (Operation Michael).

The 5th (Territorial) Battalion were mobilised in August 1914 and, after providing Home Defence in East Anglia, sailed for Gallipoli in July 1915. It served in the 54th (East Anglian) Infantry Division during the Gallipoli Campaign, and in Egypt and Palestine. Private Samuel Needham won the Victoria Cross in September 1918 but died from accidental gunshot wounds sustained after the Armistice, on 4 November 1918. The 5th Battalion were re-designated as the 1st/5th Battalion on the formation of a 2nd/5th (Reserve) Battalion in 1914, which was supplemented by the 3rd/5th (Reserve) Battalion the following summer. Both Reserve Battalions remained on Home Defence duties in the U.K., finding and training drafts for the front line 1st/5th Battalion, until they were merged into a single Reserve Battalion in 1918. The resulting Reserve Battalion was disbanded in March 1919.

Three 'Service' Battalions were raised to serve abroad, being the 6th, 7th and 8th Battalions, in addition to the 9th and 10th (Service) Battalions who remained at home to find and train drafts for the combat units. These were formed around a nucleus of Regular and Reserve soldiers who trained the civilian recruits that flocked to form Kitchener's Army in 1914. The three Battalions were raised as part of Kitchener's First, Second and Third New Armies respectively.

The 6th (Service) Battalion served on the Western Front in the 37th Infantry Division from July 1915 until disbanded in May 1918, when the men were folded into the 1st Battalion of the Hertfordshire Regiment. Second Lieutenant Frederick William Hedges from this Battalion won the Victoria Cross while attached to the 6th Battalion, Northamptonshire Regiment in October 1918.

The 7th (Service) Battalion served entirely on the Western Front in the 18th (Eastern) Division from July 1915 until it was disbanded in May 1918. Second Lieutenant Tom Edwin Adlam won the Victoria Cross during the Battalion's assault against the Schwaben Redoubt in September 1916 and stretcher bearer Christopher Augustus Cox won the Battalion's second Victoria Cross during operations opposite Achiet Le Grand in March 1917. When the Battalion was reduced to a Cadre in May 1918, the personnel were folded into the 2nd (Regular) Battalion, who took their place in the 18th (Eastern) Division.

The 8th (Service) Battalion initially served in the 71st Brigade, 24th Infantry Division until it moved to the Western Front, when it was transferred to the 18th Brigade, 6th Infantry Division. One of the few New Army Battalions to be committed to the Battle of Loos in September 1915, the Battalion were disbanded in February 1918 and its personnel folded into the other Bedfordshire Regiment Battalions on the Western Front.

The 9th (Service) Battalion was raised in October 1914 as part of 'K4' (Kitchener's 4th New Army), being replaced by the 28th (Training Reserve) Battalion in August 1916.

The 10th (Service) Battalion was formed in December 1914, becoming the 27th (Training Reserve) Battalion in September 1916. October 1917 saw it re-designated as the 53rd (Young Soldier's) Battalion, who provided basic training for 18 year old conscripted men, which enabled them to be ready for Foreign Service once they became eligible. In February 1919 the Battalion was designated as a Service Battalion and, alongside the 51st and 52nd (Graduated) Battalions, formed the 2nd Eastern Brigade of the Eastern Division. Collectively, this Brigade was referred to as the Bedfordshire Brigade and served around Cologne, Germany, in the Army of Occupation (as part of the British Army of the Rhine).

The 11th (TF) Battalion was formed in December 1916, to replace the 68th (Provisional) Battalion and remained on home service in Suffolk until it was disbanded in July 1919.

In addition, the 12th and 13th (Transport Workers) Battalions were raised in 1916 and 1917 and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Garrison Battalions served in India and Burma.

The Hertfordshire Regiment raised three further Reserve Battalions (the 2nd/1st, 3rd/1st and 4th/1st Battalions) and its front line 1st/1st Battalion served on the Western Front from November 1914 until 1919, with Corporal Alfred Alexander Burt and Second Lieutenant Frank Edward Young winning Victoria Crosses (posthumously) in 1915 and 1918 respectively. The 1st/1st Hertfordshires were attached to the 4th (Guards) Brigade on its arrival in France in 1914 and became known as the 'Herts Guards'. The nickname '2nd Micks' was also associated with them after their unflinching support of the 1st Battalion, Irish Guards' assault against the German position known as Brickstacks near Cuinchy in February 1915. The Irish Lieutenant-Colonel was so impressed with their behaviour, that he adopted them as his 2nd Battalion, as the Irish Guards were a single Battalion Regiment at the time. The Hertfordshire Regiment also adopted some of the Guards' peculiarities, including numbering their Companies instead of assigning letters.
 

1919 - 1938

On July 29, 1919 the Regiment was renamed The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment in recognition of the contribution of men from Hertfordshire during the First World War. During 1919 the war-formed Battalions were disbanded, and the Special Reserve Battalions were placed in "suspended animation". In 1920 the Territorial Force was reconstituted as the Territorial Army. The inter-war Battalions were:

• 1st Battalion
• 2nd Battalion
• 5th Battalion (TA)

The 1st Battalion was stationed in England until 1920 when it moved to Sligo in Ireland, returning to England when the Irish Free State achieved independence in 1922. It was posted to Malta in 1925, to China in 1928, to India in 1929 and to Egypt in 1938. The 2nd Battalion was stationed in India from 1919 to 1925 and in Iraq from 1925 to 1926. It returned to England, from where it was dispatched to suppress the Arab revolt in Palestine in 1936. From Palestine it moved back to England in 1938. 
 

The Second World War; 1939 – 1945 

The Regiment was expanded for the duration of the Second World War:

• The 5th Battalion a 1st Line Territorial Army unit, formed a 2nd Line duplicate, the  6th Battalion in 1939 as another European conflict seemed inevitable and, as a result, the Territorial Army was doubled in size and each unit formed a duplicate.
• The 7th, 2/7th, 8th, 9th and 10th Battalions were all raised during the war, during the hugh expansion of the British Army and were used mainly to supply the battalions of the regiment with trained infantrymen or for home defence.

The 1st, 2nd and 5th Battalions saw active service:

• The 1st Battalion was stationed in the Middle East with 14th Infantry Brigade, part of the 6th Division which later renumbered to the 70th Division. They moved to British India in 1942, after the Japanese entered the war, and subsequently serving as "Chindits" in the Burma Campaign of 1944 where they, like many other Chindit units, suffered heavy casualties mainly from disease. The 1st Battalion saw no further part in the war.
• The 2nd Battalion formed part of the 10th Infantry Brigade, 4th Infantry Division. They were part of the British Expeditionary Force dispatched to France in September 1939, and evacuated from Dunkirk in 1940.  They spent two years on home defence in the UK expecting a German invasion of England which never arrived. It took part later in the North African Campaign in 1941–42, the Tunisia Campaign in 1942–43, the Italian Campaign in 1944 and the liberation of Greece in 1944–45.
• The 5th Battalion was attached to the 55th Infantry Brigade, part of the 18th (East Anglian) Infantry Division, formed part of the reinforcements dispatched to Malaya in early 1942. It surrendered to the Imperial Japanese Army with the Fall of Singapore and the men spent the rest of the war as POWs.

At the end of the war in 1945, the 1st Battalion was in British India and the 2nd in Greece. The 1st Battalion moved to Libya in 1947 and then to Greece, where civil war had broken out. The 2nd Battalion moved from Greece to Egypt in 1946, returning to the United Kingdom in 1947.

 

1947 - 1958

Following the disbanding of the war-formed units and the reconstitution of the Territorial Army in 1947, the Regiment comprised of the following battalions up to amalgamation:

• 1st Battalion
• 2nd Battalion, which was absorbed into the 1st Battalion in 1948
• 5th Battalion (TA)

The 1st Battalion returned from Greece to England in 1950, moving to Cyprus in the following year and to Egypt in 1952. In 1954 it returned to England for the final time, and was posted to Germany for the first time in 1956 where it remained until amalgamation. 

Amalgamation into the 3rd East Anglian Regiment and the Royal Anglian Regiment
 

The size of the British Army was reduced following the publication of the 1957 Defence White Paper. A policy of grouping regiments in administrative brigades, and amalgamating pairs of regular battalions was inaugurated. Accordingly, the 1st Battalions of the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment and the Essex Regiment were merged to form the 3rd East Anglian Regiment (16th/44th Foot) on the 2 June 1958, which itself became part of a new "large regiment": the Royal Anglian Regiment in 1964. The regiment's modern lineage is continued directly by D Company, 2nd Battalion of The Royal Anglian Regiment.

Territorial units after amalgamation

Although the Regular Battalion was merged into the 3rd East Anglian Regiment in 1958, the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment name continued in the Territorial Army for a further fourteen years. On formation of the 3rd East Anglians the Territorial Battalion was redesignated as the 5th Battalion, The Bedfordshire Regiment (TA).

A reduction in the size of the Territorial Army in May 1961 saw the 5th Bedfords merge with the 1st Battalion, The Hertfordshire Regiment to form The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment (TA). This Regiment was disbanded in 1967, with its successor units in the new Territorial Army and Volunteer Reserve being the 5th (Volunteer) Battalion, the Royal Anglian Regiment and The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment (Territorials). The latter unit was a home defence unit, reduced to an eight-man Cadre in 1969 and eventually forming part of the 7th (Volunteer) Battalion, Royal Anglian Regiment in 1971.

 

Badges and dress distinctions

When the Regiment was formed in 1881 the Badges of the 16th Foot and Hertfordshire Militia were combined. The Badge for the full Dress Helmet plate featured a Maltese cross superimposed on an eight-pointed Star, in the centre of which was a Hart (a male Deer) crossing a ford. A similar design was used for the Cap Badge adopted in 1898, with the addition of a representation of the Garter around the central device, and a scroll with the Regiment's title. The Collar Badge was also the Hart in a ford.

The Regiment wore a black and primrose Lanyard on the Battle-dress blouse. The Lanyard was later worn by Territorial units of the Royal Anglian Regiment based in the former Regimental area. 

Battle Honours

When the Regiment was formed in 1881, it was unique in having no Battle Honours to display on its Colours, as the 16th Foot had never received such an award in spite of having served for nearly two hundred years and having been engaged almost constantly in Europe during the first few decades of its existance. A Committee assembled in 1882 under the chairmanship of Major General Sir Archibald Alison to review the award of Honours, and the Bedfordshire Regiment received Honours for four battles under the command of the Duke of Marlborough fought at the beginning of the eighteenth century. The Regiment subsequently received awards for past services in 1897 (for Surinam in 1804) and 1910 (for Namur in 1695). To these were added contemporary Honours for fighting in the North West Frontier Province and the Second Boer War.

The Regiment was awarded more than seventy honours for service in the Great War in 1925, and eighteen for the Second World War in 1957. In common with other Regiments, ten Honours from each war were selected to be borne on the Queen's Colour.

The Regiment's selected battle honours borne on the Colours were as follows:

• On the Regimental Colours:

Namur 1695, Blenheim, Ramillies, Oudenarde, Malplaquet, Surinam, Chitral, South Africa 1900-02

• On the Queen's Colours:

Ten selected Honours for The First World War: Mons, Marne 1914, Ypres 1914 '15 '17, Loos, Somme 1916 '18, Arras 1917 '18, Cambrai 1917 and 1918, Sambre, Suvla, Gaza.

Ten selected Honours for the Second World War: Dunkirk 1940, N W Europe 1940, Tobruk Sortie, Belhamed, Tunis, North Africa 1941 '43, Cassino II, Trasimene Line, Italy 1944-45, Chindits 1944.
 

Colonels

The Colonels of the Regiment were as follows:

For Colonels between 1688 and 1763 see Formation and Titles section above

16th Regiment of Foot

• 1763-1765: Hon. Robert Brudenell
• 1765-1766: Col Sir William Draper KB
• 1766-1788: James Gisbourne

• 1788-1797: Lt-Col Hon. Thomas Bruce
• 1797-1808: Major-Gen, Henry Bowyer
• 1808-1814: Gen. Sir Charles Green, Bt

• 1814-1816: Lt-Gen. Sir George Prevost, Bt
• 1816-1823: Lt-Gen. Hugh Mackay Gordon
• 1823-1854: William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford GCB GCH
• 1854-1857: Lt-Gen. Sir Thomas Erskine Napier KCB CB
• 1857-1858: Major-Gen. Cecil Bisshop CB
• 1858-1863: Gen. Sackville Hamilton Berkeley
• 1863-1883: Lt-Gen. George MacDonald

• 1883-1890: Gen. Edward Stopford Claremont CB
• 1890-1892: Gen. Frederick Robert Elrington CB
• 1892-1893: Gen. Sir William Payn KCB
• 1893-1900: Lt-Gen. Sir John William Cox KCB
• 1900-1903: Lt-Gen. William Charles Bancroft
• 1903-1909: Lt-Gen. Hon. John Thomas Dalyell
• 1909-1914: Major-Gen. Reginald Laurence Herbert Curteis
• 1914-1928: Major-Gen. Thomas David Pilcher CB,TD

• 1928-1935: F.M. Frederick Rudolph Lambart, 10th Earl of Cavan, KP, GCB, GCMG, CGVO, GBE
• 1935-1948: Gen. Sir Henry Cholmondeley Jackson KCB, CMG, DSO, DL
• 1948-1958: Lt-Gen. Sir Reginald Francis Stewart Denning KCVO, KBE, CB

Motto

• 'Honi Soit Qui Mal Y Pense' (Latin: meaning 'Shame on Him Who Thinks This Evil')

 

Nicknames

• The Old Bucks (after its previous county name of Buckinghamshire)
• The Peacemakers (either since it attacked so ferociously that the enemy would want to make peace; or since it arrived too late for Waterloo but in time for the peace parades that followed it; or since it had no Battle Honours in 1881 - several past battles were later added to its Colours retrospectively)
• The Feather-bedders
• The Featherbeds

Titles to date

• Archibald Douglas’s Regiment of Foot
• 16th Regiment of Foot
• 16th (the Buckinghamshire) Regiment of Foot
• 16th (the Bedfordshire) Regiment of Foot
• The Bedfordshire Regiment
• The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment
• 3rd East Anglian Regiment (16th/44th Foot)
• 3rd Battalion (16th/44th Foot), The Royal Anglian Regiment
• ‘D’ (Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire) Company, 2nd Battalion, The Royal Anglian Regiment

Regimental Traditions

• The Regimental March is 'La Mandolinata', a lively piece originally taken from an Italian Opera of the 1870s and adapted to suit a Regimental March.
• Blenheim Day is celebrated every August, in remembrance of the Regiment's forebears' part in The Battle of Blenheim.
• From 18 February 1938 Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother was the honorary Colonel in Chief of the Regiment, her patronage later passing to the Royal Anglian Regiment after amalgamation.
• On the first Sunday after Remembrance Sunday every year, a Regimental Remembrance Service and Parade is held outside The Keep in Kempston, Bedfordshire.

 

The Bedfordshire Regiment War Memorial

The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire War Memorial May 2012

The War Memorial to the men who died whilst serving with the Bedfordshire Regiment during World War One was built in 1920 and unveiled in 1921 opposite Kempston Barracks. The Memorial was listed by English Heritage in 1984 as Grade II, of special interest.

In March 1921 the site for the Memorial was conveyed free from James Harold Howard of Kempston Grange, who had lost his own son Addison whilst serving with the 1st Battalion, Bedfordshire Regiment on the Somme in 1916, to trustees of the Regimental Association – Major General Thomas David Pilcher, Brigadier Charles Richard Jebb Griffith and Colonel Thomas Hammond. The site contains four poles of land [WW1/RH5/2].
 

Bedfordshire Regiment Badge May 2012

An appeal for funds was undertaken and a leaflet circulated [WW1/RH5/4] based on an article in The Bedfordshire Times of 7th January 1921: “The design of the proposed Regimental War Memorial of the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment [renamed on 1st August 1919] … is a matter of deep interest to all our readers, for there is hardly anybody in the county who has not had some personal association with the County Regiment, while all have the right to share the pride in its glorious conduct during the war. The design, which has now been definitely approved, is the work of Mr. George P. Allen, F. R. I. B. A., of Bedford, who has deservedly won a considerable reputation for his work. Mr. Allen has made a special study of  war memorials”.

“It is proposed to erect this Memorial opposite to the gates of the Kempston Barracks. The Headquarters of the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment. The object in selecting this site is two-fold, namely that the Regiment may be able to keep watch over the Memorial, and that the ordinary passer-by may for all time associate it with “The Bedfords” of his own generation. It is hoped that in this way the ties between the County and the County Regiment [disbanded in 1958] will always be of that close nature which is desirable from the point of view of good citizenship and patriotism”.

“The Regiment are fortunate in having received the site for the Memorial as a free gift from Mr. and Mrs. Harold Howard of Kempston Grange, to whom the land belongs. The generosity of this gift will be appreciated by all who know the situation, and it will receive a sympathetic recollection of the fact that Lieutenant Addison Howard, the only son of Mr. and Mrs. Harold Howard was one of the soldiers who fell fighting in the ranks of the Regiment”.

“The Mayor and Corporation of Bedford have certain rights over the land, which they have been good enough to waive”.

“It will be seen that the form which the Memorial is to take is that of a small shrine in a semi-circular paved enclosure, which will be flanked by stone benches. The object in having this little shrine is that there may be some place in which the names of all those who had ever served in any Battalion of the Regiment and were killed in action or died of wounds or disease in the Great War may be recorded. As these names, alas, run to some thousands [6,081] it would be impossible to record them on any monument or wall-space in such a manner that they could be conveniently read. It is proposed, therefore, to record all the names on parchment sheets in an illuminated book or scroll which will be kept in a glass case within the little shrine and will be accessible to anybody who desires to see it. The key of the shrine will be kept in the Guard Room at the Barracks, and the Guard will have standing orders to open the door of the shrine for anybody who comes with that request. It is certain that on “Remembrance Day” and possibly other anniversaries, it will become a regular practice for people to visit the Memorial, turn over the leaves of the “Roll of Honour” and leave floral offerings at the base of the stone pillar in front of the enclosure. It will be noticed that the shrine itself is surmounted by a Cross as the emblem of sacrifice and the entablature will bear the inscription: “Their name liveth for evermore”. The interior will be lighted with stained glass windows”.

“The progress of the Memorial will be made clear for all time by an inscription on the stone pillar or obelisk, which will stand in front of the paved enclosure and will be as follows: -

To the Sacred and Glorious Memory
of the
Soldiers of the Bedfordshire Regiment
Who fell in the Great War
This Monument has been erected by their
Comrades of the Regiment

The other three sides of the pillar will be engraved with the names of the battles and Fields of Operations in which the several Battalions of the Regiment were engaged, and also with a record of the actual number of officers and other ranks who fell in the Great War”.

Panel on the Bedfordshire Regiment War Memorial May 2012

“It is hoped to raise a sufficient sum of money not only to meet the cost of this monument, but also to provide for two other objects which form part of the War Memorial scheme”.

“One of these is a Battle Picture emblematical of the spirit of the Regiment which could be reproduced in prints and lithographs, which in time to come would no doubt be found in many houses and even in the humblest abode”.

“The third object is that any surplus funds should be devoted in the establishment of a Benevolent Fund for the assistance of hard cases which do not come within the scope of the existing schemes of public and private benevolence”.

“It will be seen that this Memorial concerns the county as a whole, and equally the neighbouring counties of Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire and Buckinghamshire, which sent so many men into the Regiment. The numerous local memorials which have been erected cannot take the place of a memorial to the heroes of the Regiment as a whole. It should also be remembered that many officers and men who fell fighting in the ranks of the Bedfords were not men of this county or a neighbouring county, so that their names will not be recorded on any village memorial. The memory of such gallant comrades who identified themselves wholly with the Bedfordshire Regiment, and all that it stands for while they served in its ranks and until they fell upon the field of honour, should be preserved. It is particularly on this account that it is essential to have a single Regimental memorial, and it will be for the undoubted advantage of the people of Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire and Buckinghamshire in time to come that such a Memorial should exist”.

“The sacrifice of those who died that we might live will have been in vain unless we keep their names and their deeds in perpetual remembrance as an example of noble patriotism and as an incentive to that good citizenship on which the honour and welfare of our country will ever depend”.

The Memorial was unveiled on 11th November 1921 by the wife of Samuel Howard Whitbread, the Lord Lieutenant for Bedfordshire. The Memorial was consecrated by Michael Furse, the Bishop of Saint Albans [WW1/RH5/7].

The Memorial is built of Portland Stone, the same material used for the headstones in all Commonwealth War Graves cemeteries. It has a slate roof. The obelisk, referred to above, was joined by another in 1950 to commemorate the 1,074 men who died serving with the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment in World War Two. Behind the Memorial is a small Garden of Remembrance where the ashes of forty four people connected with the Regiment have been scattered over the years.

Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment Badge May 2012
 

Kempston Barracks

Kempston Barracks May 2012

Kempston Barracks, now known as The Keep, is one of the most impressive buildings in the county. It was listed by English Heritage in July 1998 as Grade II, of special interest.

The drawings for the Barracks are dated 19th May 1874 [CRT130Kem22] and the building was completed in 1876, having been designed at the War Office by Major H. C. Seddon, R. E. It is built in brick, with stone dressings and a slate roof. It is designed to resemble a castle in what is known as Fortress Gothic Revival Style. Part of the reforms to the Army known as the Cardwell Reforms between 1868 and 1874 was designed to strengthen the local identity of Infantry Regiments (Regulation of The Forces Act 1871) and the building of Barracks for the Regiments in county towns was part of this. The 16th Regiment of Foot, which had had a connection with Bedfordshire since 1809, was officially named The Bedfordshire Regiment. On 1st August 1919 the title was changed to the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment.

The 1885 Kelly’s Directory described the Barracks, and said that they were “erected by Government in 1875-6, at a cost of about £50,000; the buildings form three sides of a quadrangle, and occupy 23 acres, enclosed by a high wall, 13 of which serve as encampment, drill and recreation ground; the east and west wings of the north front are connected by a central block with four massive towers, holding upwards of 3,000 stand of arms and accoutrements, in addition to a powder magazine, clothing and bedding stores; the west wing includes the Officers’ Mess, and quarters for eleven Officers and their servants; the east wing consists of canteen, reading and recreation rooms, Sergeants’ Mess, four non-commissioned officers quarters, workshops and stores; the sides consist of two blocks, available for 288 soldiers (single) and eight sergeants; besides a hospital for 28 patients, four orderlies, residence for hospital sergeant and cook, and detached infectious ward and mortuary; there are also married soldiers’ quarters for 31 families, with an infant school attached”.

In October 1922 a soldier was killed by one of his comrades at the Barracks. In the 1930s there were extensions, alterations and improvements, including new married quarters and Sergeants’ Mess but early in the 1939-1945 war the Depot ceased to be a recruiting and training centre for the Regiment, and during the war the Barracks was used mainly as a convalescent centre, other functions having been transferred to Bury Saint Edmunds [Suffolk].

With the amalgamation with the Essex regiment in 1958 to form the Anglian Regiment (now the Royal Anglian Regiment) the Depot was virtually closed. In 1977 the Regimental records were moved from the Barracks to Bedfordshire and Luton Archives and Records Service [X550].

The area of the main block demolished is shown in red

About 1982 a considerable part of the original buildings was demolished, and the site sold for housing. Most of the main block at the front was left, though the left hand end of was pulled down leaving a rather asymmetrical look to the building. Much of the area of the former Barracks is now beneath modern housing (including Blenheim Court, Dunkirk Close, Flanders Close, Malakand Road, Montgomery Court, Normandy Close, Ramillies Close, Ryswick Road, Savannah Close, Walcourt Road ) though a Territorial Army Centre occupies part of the former site. At the time of writing [2013] the remaining building, The Keep, is used by Freemasons.

The area of the original Barracks shown in yellow

 

Bedfordshire & Hertfordshire Regiment Museum Collection

How to get there:

One mile north of town centre.

Within Wardown Museum, a gallery devoted to the Regimental collection of the County Regiment and its predecessors. Bedfordshire & Luton Archives & Records Service, holds the Regimental Archives.

Bedfordshire & Hertfordshire Regiment, Bedfordshire Regiment, 16th (or Bedfordshire) Regiment of Foot, 16th (or Buckinghamshire) Regiment of Foot, 16th Regiment of Foot, Colonel Douglas’s Regiment of Foot

Opening Hours:
Tues - Sat 10am - 5pm. Sun 1pm - 5pm. Closed Mondays. Closed 1 Jan & 25/26 Dec

Address:
Bedfordshire & Hertfordshire Regiment Museum Collection
Wardown Park Museum,
Old Bedford Road,
Luton,
LU2 7HA

 

16th (Bedfordshire) Regiment of Foot The Bedfordshire Regiment The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment
Active	1688 –1958
Country	Kingdom of England (1688–1707) Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800) United Kingdom (1801–1958)
Branch	British Army
Type	Infantry
Role	Line Infantry
Garrison/HQ	Kempston Barracks, Bedfordshire
Nickname	The Old Bucks; The Peacemakers; The Featherbeds; Old Sixteen
Colours	Deep yellow facings until 1881, white thereafter
March	The Mountain Rose until 1882, La Mandolinata from 1882
Anniversaries	Blenheim Day, August (The Battle of Blenheim, 1704)
Engagements	Nine Years War, War of the Spanish Succession, American War of Independence, Second Boer War, First World War, Second World War

 

MILITARY - BRITISH ARMY

 

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