The Roots of Danish Modern Design
While specific Danish designers like Andersen developed their own style, they share common sources of influence. In her book Scandinavian Modern Home, Elizabeth Wilhide talks about the Scandinavian design ethos and how significantly it was influenced by climate and environment:
- Long dark winters in a mountainous and heavily forested land meant that nature and organic forms were a source of constant inspiration. As Wilhide wrote, “Nature, when it is this dramatic, cannot easily be ignored any more than it can be tamed.”
- With so much darkness in the fall and winter months, homes had to provide “psychological warmth” as well as physical shelter. “Domestic cheer” became an integral part of Scandinavian design, appearing in designs via colour, pattern, texture, or organic form. Even the most futuristic designs would include a strong human quality to provide that much-needed sense of warmth.
- In geographically isolated Scandinavian countries, resources could be in short supply. Furniture makers in the pre-modern era had to be efficient and minimize waste. Practicality also prevailed to ensure that the most was being made of scarce supplies. This mindset of “workable solutions with optimum economy” filtered down to the designers of the mid-century period.
- Given the remoteness of the area, industrialization arrived later in Scandinavia than in other parts of Europe. As a result, traditional craft skills remained an important part of the culture there. Even after industrial manufacturing was established, high standards of craftsmanship were upheld.
Denmark’s modern design movement owed much to this Scandinavian ethos, but also developed its own local flavour. While their northerly neighbours drew inspiration from the machine—which they saw as the emblem of the new age—Danish furniture makers were more focused on human-centred design. Pioneering Danish designer Kaare Klint even developed a set of data based on human measurements, proportions, and dimensions to act as a benchmark for furniture design. This human element was a major inspiration for many Danish designers, including Johannes Andersen.
Johannes Andersen: Ahead of the Curve
Andersen was born in Aarhus, Denmark in 1903. He apprenticed as a cabinet maker, becoming certified in 1922. By the mid-1930s, when Danish modern design rose in popularity beyond Denmark, he opened his own workshop. Successful from the beginning, he soon created his proper style, influenced by Danish currents and Scandinavian ethos. He continued to work with other design houses as well, including CFC Silkeborg in Denmark and Trensum in Sweden. He ceased his activities in his eighties and died in 1991, but his name is immortal, as he is known in the world as a very famous designer.
Scandinavian furniture was known for its distinctive shapes, flowing contours, and “restrained chic.” (Scandinavian Style) Andersen certainly followed this aesthetic in his designs. Looking at his work, it is also easy to see the influences of the culture and environment that surrounded him. The hallmarks of the Scandinavian ethos are present, but interpreted in a way that is Andersen’s alone.
Johannes Andersen garnered international acclaim in his lifetime that is still accorded to him today. Current collectors pay top dollar for his furniture, in appreciation of its exceptional quality and visually stunning design elements.
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