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Amstrad CPC, Apple II, Atari 8-bit family, Atari ST, Commodore 64, ... Atari ST, Commodore, Macintosh, Atari 2600 and ST, ColecoVision , Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore Amiga and Sinclair ZX Spectrum, North American, Acorn, Silence. Commodore PET TRS-80 Sinclair ZX Spectrum 16K/48K (1982), Spectrum + Sinclair QL mBM PC (1981) Atari 400, 800 Atari 800XL, 600XL Atari 130XE Commodore VIC-20 Commodore C64 Commodore C128 Apple II Mockingboard Sinclair ZX Spectrum 128, +2, +2A and +3 (AY-3-8912) Amstrad CPC 464, 664, 6128 (AY-3-8912) Atari ST (as Yamaha YM2149F) Arcade machines like "Gyruss" for example (several of these chips) ZX Spectrum Next (Three AY-3-8912) TI-99/4A (TMS9919, SN94624) BBC Micro IBM PCjr Tandy 1000 (SN76496) ColecoVision (gaming console) Commodore 16, 116, Plus/4 Arcade machines, "Outrun" for example (YM2151) Yamaha DX100 FM synthesizer (YM2164) AdLib Music Synthesizer Card (1987, PC) Sound Blaster (PC, 11 voices, 1989, also has 8bit DSP) Several of Yamaha's PSR and PSS keyboards Some arcade machines Amiga 1000 Amiga 500, 2000 Amiga 500 Plus Amiga 1200, 600 Amiga 4000, 3000 Midi-controlled sound extension (mostly connected to PCs) Sound Blaster 16 (PC, 1992, also has 16bit DSP) Sinclair ZX80, ZX81 Silence. Sending a square wave signalCommodore PET TRS-80 The processor can just send a primitive square wave signal, either from a cassette output (TRS-80), or from the expansion port ("user port", PET). Loudspeaker Sinclair ZX Spectrum 16K/48K (1982), Spectrum + Sinclair QL IBM PC (1981) The Spectrum's speaker seems to be designed better to produce sounds and music in a decent volume than the PC's. A plain loudspeaker built into the computer. As the computer's processor can send "power" and "no power" to the speaker, a single square wave voice can be produced. Usually, the volume of the sound can't be controlled. POKEY (1979)Atari 400, 800 Atari 800XL, 600XL Atari 130XE 4 square wave voices; distortion; high-pass filter. VIC (MOS Technology; 1980)Commodore VIC-20 3 square wave voices plus noise. SID (MOS Technology 6581, 6582; 1982) Commodore C64 Commodore C128 3 voices with a selection of 4 different waveforms per oscillator (triangle, sawtooth, pulse wave, white noise); low-pass, high-pass and band-pass filter; amplitude envelopes; oscillator sync. AY-3-8910 (General Instrument) Apple II Mockingboard Sinclair ZX Spectrum 128, +2, +2A and +3 (AY-3-8912) Amstrad CPC 464, 664, 6128 (AY-3-8912) Atari ST (as Yamaha YM2149F) Arcade machines like "Gyruss" for example (several of these chips) ZX Spectrum Next (Three AY-3-8912) 3 square wave voices, 1 noise; can be forced to primitvely handle PCM data (digital audio). SN76489 (Texas Instruments) TI-99/4A (TMS9919, SN94624) BBC Micro IBM PCjr Tandy 1000 (SN76496) ColecoVision (gaming console) 3 square wave voices, 1 noise. TED (MOS Technology; 1983) Commodore 16, 116, Plus/4 2 square wave voices (can also produce noise). YM2151/YM2164 (Yamaha) Arcade machines, "Outrun" for example (YM2151) Yamaha DX100 FM synthesizer (YM2164) 8 voices, 4 operators FM sound chip. OPL2 (Yamaha YM3812) AdLib Music Synthesizer Card (1987, PC) Sound Blaster (PC, 11 voices, 1989, also has 8bit DSP) Several of Yamaha's PSR and PSS keyboards Some arcade machines 9 voices, 2 operators FM sound chip, pseudo sawtooth waves. Paula (MOS Technology 8364; 1984) Amiga 1000 Amiga 500, 2000 Amiga 500 Plus Amiga 1200, 600 Amiga 4000, 3000 4 PCM sample sound channels (8 bit); 2 channels mixed to the left, the other 2 to the right; independent control of frequency and volume for each channel. MT-32 (Roland; 1987) Midi-controlled sound extension (mostly connected to PCs) Semi-professional sound-module using sample-based synthesis (like in the professional "Roland D-50" synthesizer). OPL3 (Yamaha YMF262) Sound Blaster 16 (PC, 1992, also has 16bit DSP)
Amiga 1000, Amiga 1200, Amiga 1500, Amiga 500+, Amiga 600, Amstrad ACL-386SX120, Amstrad PC 1512, Apple I, Apple II, Apple IIc, Apple IIe, Apple II Plus, Apple Lisa, Apple Macintosh SE, Atari 800, Atari 800XL, Commodore 128, Commodore 16, Commodore 64, Commodore PET, Commodore Plus 4, Commodore VIC-20, Dragon 32, Sinclair QL, Sinclair ZX Spectrum+, Sinclair ZX Spectrum +2, Sinclair ZX Spectrum +3, Sinclair ZX Spectrum 128, Sinclair ZX Spectrum 16K/48K, Sinclair ZX Spectrum Plus
Apple, Atari, Commodore, Osborne, Texas Instruments, Radio Shack, Tandy, IBM, NEC, Sinclair, Panasonic Texas Instruments