Through research, including examination of hundreds of specimens in public and private collections in this country and abroad, has provided the author with the opportunity to propose new theories and observations about Paduans, the collective name for these medals. Die variations and combinations by Cavino, some of which have not before been published, are illustrated and described.  All the Cavino dies presently preserved in the Bibliotheque Nationale at Paris are listed and a few are illustrated. More than 400 years have passed since Cavino's death yet some collectors accept his medals as ancient coins. Inexplicably, auction catalogs and books on ancient coins occasionally present his imitations as originals. This work will be of considerable assistance in helping collectors distinguish between genuine coins and Paduans. Zander Klawans was born in Chicago, Illinois. Collectors of Roman and Greek coins are familiar with his handbooks, "Reading and Dating Roman Imperial Coins" and "An Outline of Ancient Greek Coins." Copy # 222. Signed by the Author.