The Messerschmitt Bf-109 is a German single-engine fighter of metal construction with a low wing and a classic tail. It turned out to be the main and most popular fighter of the Luftwaffe during the Second World War. The prototype flew on May 29, 1935, and mass production continued from 1936-1945. In total, it is estimated that about 35,000 Messerschmitt Bf-109 fighters of all modifications were produced, many of which ended up in the Czech and Israeli air forces after the war.

During production, several major variants of the Bf-109 were developed. The first pre-production series was the Bf-109B ("Bertha") with other variants of the Junkers Jumo 210 engines (A or Da). Their presence in Spain since 1937 during the Civil War.
   The next version is the Bf-109C (“Caesar”). They had a different engine than the B version and extensive armament, consisting of two 20mm and two 7.92mm HP cannons. These vehicles also fought in the skies of Spain.
The third version is the Bf-109D (“Dora”) with a Junkers Jumo 210 Da or Daimler-Benz DB 600 engine. It fought in the September campaign, but at the turn of 1939/1940 the flagship E was replaced.
The most common model was the Bf-109E ("Emil"), powered by a Daimler-Benz 601A or N engine. It was the first to use a three-blade rather than a two-blade propeller. Bf-109Es fought in the French campaigns, in England, on the Northern Continent and on the Eastern Front. The ace who began his foundation on the Bf-109E was the famous Adolf Galland.

The next version is the Bf-109F (“Friedrich”), which, according to some pilots, was the most aerodynamically advanced. It featured changes in the shape of the fuselage, wing, and cockpit fairings, but did not use a new engine. Adopted into service at the turn of 1940/1941.
   As part of the design development, further characteristics of the Bf-109 were developed, of which the G (Gustav) version was produced in the largest number of copies. The most important change that increased productivity was the installation of a new 12-cylinder engine of the Daimler-Benz DB605A with a power of 1475 hp. The Bf-109G's armament consisted of a pair of 13 mm machine guns operating in the fuselage in front of the cockpit fairing, and a 20 mm MG151 cannon or a heavier 30 mm MK108 cannon.

   The last production model was the Bf-109K (Kurfirst), production of which began in October 1944. The motor used is a Daimler-Benz DB 605DB motor or a DC motor. The Bf-109K was the fastest aircraft produced during World War II, reaching speeds of up to 730 km/h.
   In addition, two versions were created - H and Z, but most likely they were experimental versions and their mass production never began. Subsequent modifications to the power plant and armament refined the Messerschmitt Bf-109, one of the most effective fighters of World War II