Up for auction "Apolo15" James Irwin Hand Signed First Day Cover Dated 1971. This item is authenticated By Todd
Mueller Autographs and comes with their certificate of authenticity.
ES-2568
James Benson Irwin (March 17, 1930 – August 8,
1991) was an American astronaut, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, and a United States Air Force pilot. He served as Apollo Lunar Module pilot
for Apollo 15, the fourth human lunar landing. He was the eighth
person to walk on the Moon and the first, and youngest, of
those astronauts to die. Irwin was born March 17, 1930, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,[3] of Scottish and Irish descent, to parents James Irwin and Elsa Mathilda
Irwin (née Strebel). Irwin's grandparents emigrated to the U.S.
from Altmore Parish at Pomeroy in County Tyrone, Ireland (now Northern Ireland) around 1859. At about the age of 12, he informed his mother
about his desire to go to the Moon, letting her know that he might be the first
person to do so (he ended up being the eighth). He graduated
from East High School in Salt Lake City, Utah in
1947. He received a Bachelor of Science degree
in Naval Science from the United States Naval
Academy in 1951, and Master of Science degrees in Aeronautical Engineering and Instrumentation
Engineering from the University of Michigan in
1957. He received initial flight training at Hondo Air Base and follow-on training at Reese Air Force Base, Texas.
He graduated from the Air Force Experimental
Flight Test Pilot School (Class 60C) in 1961, and the Aerospace Research Pilot
School in 1963 (Class IV). Prior to joining NASA,
he was chief of the Advanced Requirements Branch at Headquarters Air Defense Command.
During his time in the United States Air Force he
received the Air Force
Distinguished Service Medal and two Air Force Commendation
Medals. He also received an Air Force Outstanding Unit Citation while
with the 4750th Training Wing. Irwin
was also a developmental test pilot for the Lockheed YF-12,
the Mach 3 fighter-interceptor variant which preceded the SR-71 Blackbird. His first flight of that aircraft was on the
day that one of his five children was born. In 1961, a student pilot
that Irwin was training crashed the plane they were flying on a training
mission. They both survived, but Irwin suffered compound fractures, amnesia, and nearly
lost a leg. John Forrest, a U.S. Air Force orthopedic surgeon, was
instrumental in preventing the amputation of Irwin's leg. During his military service, he accumulated
more than 7,015 hours flying time, of which 5,300 hours were in jet aircraft. Irwin was one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He
was chosen as commander, with John S. Bull as Lunar Module Pilot, for LTA-8, an
environmental qualification test of the Apollo Lunar Module in
a vacuum chamber at the Houston Space
Environment Simulation Laboratory. He then served as a member
of the astronaut support crew for Apollo 10, the first mission to carry the full Apollo stack to
the Moon and the dry run for the first crewed Moon landing. Following that assignment, Irwin served as
backup Lunar Module Pilot for the second Moon landing mission, Apollo 12. Between July 26 and August 7, 1971 – as the Apollo 15 Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) – Irwin logged 295 hours and 11 minutes in space. His extravehicular
activity (EVA) on the Moon's
surface amounted to 18 hours and 35 minutes of the mission time (an additional
33 minutes was used for Commander David R. Scott to do a stand-up EVA by
opening the LM's docking hatch to survey the surroundings and take
photographs). Irwin and David Scott's
mission was more science-based than previous missions, which meant that they
received intensive geological training to meet the demanding nature of the
J-Mission profile. This extra training is credited with allowing them to
make one of the most important discoveries of the Apollo era, the Genesis Rock. Apollo 15 landed in the Moon's Hadley-Apennine region,
noted for its mountains and rilles. As a J-Mission, they would spend
more time on the Moon than previous missions, to allow for three EVAs. As well,
Irwin was the first automobile passenger on the Moon as Scott drove the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV)
carried along for this mission in the Lunar Module (LM) Falcon's Descent Stage. Scott and
Irwin's stay on the Moon was just under three days at 66 hours and 54 minutes. Once
the rendezvous procedure
was completed between Falcon and the Endeavour CSM, Irwin and
Scott were busy moving items like rock samples into the CSM and preparing the
Lunar Module for final separation. During this intense period of work the
earliest symptoms of a heart condition appeared. Both Scott and Irwin had
been working with no sleep for 23 hours, during which they conducted a final
moonwalk, performed the ascent from the lunar surface, rendezvoused with Endeavour,
and encountered the problems that delayed the Lunar Module jettison maneuver. The
astronauts' physiological vital signs were being monitored back on Earth, and
the flight surgeons noticed
some irregularities in Irwin's heart rhythms. Irwin's heart had
developed bigeminy. Dr. Charles
Berry stated to Chris Kraft, deputy
director of the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC)
at the time: "It's serious, [i]f he were on Earth. I'd have him in ICU being treated for
a heart attack." However,
Berry concluded that since Endeavour's cabin atmosphere was 100%
oxygen when in space, Irwin was in the best of circumstances. Specifically,
"In truth, ... he's in an ICU. He's getting one hundred percent oxygen,
he's being continuously monitored, and best of all, he's in zero g.
Whatever strain his heart is under, well, we can't do better than zero g."
During the post-trans-Earth injection (TEI)
phase of the mission there wasn't much more for Irwin to do other than provide
help with Al Worden's EVA to
retrieve film magazines from the CSM's SIM bay, by donning a pressure suit and
monitoring him. He was able to rest and apparently recover during the rest of
the mission. The flight surgeons continued to monitor his EKG until splashdown,
but his heart rhythm was normal. This incident was not discussed during the
mission debriefing sessions, and the condition did not appear when he returned
to Earth.