Student: Edict Kassel 1815, Coercion to The Study An University Marburg

You are bidding on one printed edict (Kassel 1815) by Elector William I of Hesse-Kassel (1743-1821).

Theme: University of Marburg // Obligation of state children to "spend the first two years of their academic studies at the state library" and also to complete their degree there.

In a collection of edicts in which this was also printed, it was given the title: "Government Notice of 9. June 1815, concerning studying, the impact of academic dignity, and the examination at the state university."

Dated Cassel, the 9th June 1815.

Issued by the Electoral Hessian Government on the orders of Wilhelm I.

Format: 34.5x19.7cm.

Condition:Unfortunately with severe defects: folded several times, paper heavily stained, with severe edge damage; water stained. bplease note the pictures too!

Internal note: Kleinanz 23-11 Pappumschl Studentika

About the history of the University of Marburg in the 1st century Half of the 19th century Century and William I (source: wikipedia):

19. Century: The university only experienced a renewed boom under Napoleon. In 1807, the Electorate of Hesse and its neighboring areas came to the newly created Kingdom of Westphalia, a Napoleonic satellite state, which posed a serious threat to the University of Marburg. Five universities were in the territory of the new state and several were to be abolished. However, this fate struck the universities of Rinteln and Helmstedt, while Marburg, Göttingen and Halle were able to benefit from the redistributed income of the universities that were abolished. The university library was significantly expanded through donations from Rinteln. For the first time in quite some time, new university buildings were built.

In February 1810, the Westphalian authorities forbade Marburg students from wearing regional team badges and uniforms. This led to prolonged conflicts between the student body and the authorities. After the student Stein was arrested following a dispute with a gendarme and imprisoned at Marburg Castle, on the 12th. In May 1811, around 200 students, a large part of the student body at the time, took part in an exodus to Gladenbach. This resulted in both Stein's release and an investigation into the responsible officer.

After the electors returned in 1813, the innovations were largely reversed. At the end of the Westphalian period, its administrative organization as well as the common “study fund” and the salaries of professors disappeared from the state budget. In the meantime, as a result of the events of the wars of liberation, as in other universities, fraternity ideas had reached the Marburg student body. In 1817, a Teutonia founded in 1816 merged with the regional teams that had always existed in Marburg to form the general fraternity, the Germania Marburgensis. However, the Carlsbad resolutions hindered their development until the 1850s. Elector Wilhelm I finally relaxed the religious restrictions and, for the first time, allowed Catholic teachers in addition to Lutherans, according to Leander van Eß, who had been hired at the philosophy faculty in the Napoleonic era. Under William II the two confessions were treated equally. This had a positive impact on the number of visitors to the university. In the 1920s a new botanical garden was created, a new library building and a new chemical laboratory were set up.

William I of Hesse-Kassel (*3. June 1743 in Kassel; † 27. February 1821 ibid) from the House of Hesse was as Wilhelm IX. from 1760 Count of Hanau, from 1764 regent there and from 1785 ruling Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. After his elevation to elector in the course of the Reichsdeputationshauptweisung (1803), he called himself Wilhelm I.

Childhood and youth: Wilhelm was born as the son of the hereditary prince Friedrich II. of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Maria, a daughter of King George II. of Great Britain, born. He attended the University of Göttingen and spent years of study in Denmark.

After his father Friedrich converted to Roman Catholicism, his father, Landgrave Wilhelm VIII, wanted to ensure that Frederick (II) would have as little influence as possible after taking office. For this purpose, in the Hessian Assecution Act of 1754, among other things, the county of Hanau-Münzenberg, which had fallen to Hesse-Kassel after the death of the last count from the House of Hanau, Johann Reinhard III, in 1736, was separated from the Hessian parent lands and Prince Wilhelm was there appointed as the grandson and direct heir of William VIII, bypassing Frederick II. After his grandfather's death in 1760, Wilhelm inherited the County of Hanau directly. The prince, who was still a minor at the time, was initially under the guardianship of his mother, Landgravine Maria, and from 1764 onwards, having declared himself of age, he ruled himself. The most architecturally impressive example of his work there is the spa complex in Wilhelmsbad.

Politics: Wilhelm was a sovereign who remained adherent to the standards of the princely "absolutism" of the Ancien Régime throughout his life - in his politics, in his "mistress economy" and in his controversial soldier trade, which was financially very profitable and also operated by other princes became. Wilhelm was considered one of the richest German princes of his time, and with the help of the Frankfurt banker Mayer Amschel Rothschild, he managed to save this fortune throughout the Napoleonic period.

On the 15th In May 1803, Wilhelm succeeded in being elevated to elector. His territory, especially the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, was subsequently mostly referred to, even if only unofficially, as the “Electorate of Hesse”. However, the electoral dignity became meaningless as early as 1806 with the end of the Holy Roman Empire.

From 1803 onwards, Wilhelm paid a pension to his relative Carl Constantin of Hesse-Rheinfels-Rotenburg, who had served as a general in the French army, then in the revolutionary armies, but was imprisoned several times and finally banished in the turmoil of the French Revolution, because he had tried in vain to get a pension from the French state treasury.

Because Wilhelm did not join the Confederation of the Rhine and partially mobilized his army at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War in 1806 and declared his country neutral, Napoleon occupied Electoral Hesse. On the 1st In November 1806, the French military invaded Kassel. The Elector fled in time and went into exile, first to Holstein, where he resided in the Itzeho Princess Court, and later to Prague. In 1806, Captain Wilhelm Mensing was able to secure significant parts of the Hessian state treasury from Napoleon's grasp. The ancestral lands of Hesse-Kassel were added to the Kingdom of Westphalia, newly created by Napoleon; the southern parts of the country, i.e. the county of Hanau-Münzenberg, were initially subject to the French military government from 1806 and belonged to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt from 1810 to 1813.

Germany's restoration. The long-awaited return of the Elector to the honest people of Hesse.

In 1813, Hesse-Kassel was restituted, and Wilhelm I moved on the 21st. November 1813 returned to his residential city. At the Congress of Vienna he tried in vain, including by paying considerable bribes, to obtain the title of "King of the Chatti", named after the Germanic tribal name of the Hesse, but retained the title of "Elector" with the personal title of "Royal Highness". William I pursued a restorative course, reversing the reforms that had taken place during his exile (for example, powdered wigs were reintroduced to the military and court), and with this policy alienated the emerging bourgeoisie.

In Kassel he had extensive expansions carried out in the Wilhelmshöhe mountain park and the Löwenburg was built. The construction of a monumental new castle, the so-called Chattenburg, which he began in 1817 on the site of the Landgrave's castle, which was destroyed by a major fire in 1811 and completely demolished on his instructions in 1816, was stopped after his death.

Wilhelm died in 1821 and was buried in a crypt under the Löwenburg castle chapel.

Family

Marriage: On the 1st In September 1764, Wilhelm married Princess Wilhelmine Karoline of Denmark (1747–1820) in Copenhagen. With her he had two sons and two daughters:

Marie Frederike (1768–1839), married 1794–1817 to Prince Alexis of Anhalt-Bernburg

Karoline Amalie (1771–1848), married in 1802 to Duke August of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg

Frederick (* 8. August 1772 in Hanau; † 20. July 1784 ibid), buried in the St. Mary's Church in Hanau. In his memory, his father built a pyramid in the park in Wilhelmsbad.

William II (1777–1847), Elector of Hesse

However, this marriage soon fell apart.

Extramarital relationships and children

In addition to his marriage, Wilhelm had several mistresses and more than two dozen other children:

Marianne Wulffen 1769–1773, the wife of his chief stable master

Charlotte Christine Buissine (* 1749), four children:

Wilhelm, Baron von Heimrod (* 16. July 1775 in Rodheim vor der Höhe; † 6. January 1811 in Naples)

Karl, Baron von Heimrod (* 19. July 1776 in Rodheim vor der Höhe; † 13. May 1827 in Paris) ⚭ 1803 Charlotte, Baroness of Stockhausen (* 15. July 1781; † 31. December 1855)

Frederick (* 9. August 1777 in Kassel; † 30. October 1777 in Hailer near Meerholz)

Friedrich, Baron von Heimrod (* 1778 in Hanau; † 3. September 1813 in Teplice)

Rosa Dorothea Ritter, ennobled as Baroness von Lindenthal, eight children (on 10. Legitimized in March 1800 and elevated to the status of Barons/Baronesses of Haynau):

Wilhelm Carl, Baron von Haynau (1779–1856), Hessian lieutenant general

Georg Wilhelm, Baron of Haynau (* 27. February 1781; † February 1813)

Philipp Ludwig, Baron von Haynau (* 18. May 1782; † 5. June 1843), Baden Real Privy Council

Wilhelmine, Baroness of Haynau (* 20. July 1783; † 27. May 1866) ⚭ Carl Philipp Emil von Hanstein (1772–1861), later minister

Moritz, Baron of Haynau (* 4. July 1784; † 9. September 1812)

Marie Sophie Agnes Philippine Auguste, Baroness of Haynau (* 11. September 1785; † 21. April 1865) ⚭ 1805 Wilhelm, Baron von Wintzingerode (1782–1819), later chief forester

Julius Heinrich Friedrich Ludwig, Baron von Haynau (1786–1853), Austrian general

Karoline von Schlotheim, from 1788, on 14. Raised to the rank of imperial count on May 2, 1788. May 1811 Name changed to Countess of Hessenstein, a title that all children from her connection with the Elector also received; 13 children:

Wilhelm Friedrich (* 23. June 1789; † 26. April 1790)

Wilhelm Karl (* 19. May 1790; † 22. March 1867), Canon of Minden, Halberstadt and Cammin, Mecklenburg-Schwerin Real Privy Council, ⚭ Countess Angelika von der Osten-Sacken

Ferdinand (* 19. May 1791; † 15. December 1794)

Karoline Frederike Auguste (* 9. June 1792; † 21. August 1797)

Auguste Wilhelmine (* 22. August 1793; † 1. June 1795)

Louis Karl (* 11. August 1794; † 17. November 1857), Prussian Chamberlain ⚭ Countess Auguste Wilhelmine von Pückler-Groditz

Friederike Auguste (* 16. October 1795; † 13. September 1845) ⚭ Wilhelm von Steuber (* 29. December 1790; † 6. July 1845)

Wilhelm Ludwig Georg (* 28. July 1800; † 16. January 1836), Hessian chamberlain; ⚭ 1. Luise von dem Bussche-Hünnefeld (* 27. March 1804; † 21. May 1829); ⚭ 2. Karoline Wolff von Gudenberg (* 11. February 1812; † 20. August 1836)

Friedrich Ludwig (* 8. February 1803; † 8th. September 1805)

Caroline (* 16. February 1804; † 18. March 1891) ⚭ Carl von Stenglin (* 12. August 1791; † 15. March 1871)

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