Up for auction the "1st Baron Salter" Arthur Salter Hand Signed 5.5X3 Card.
ES-7276E
James
Arthur Salter, 1st Baron Salter, GBE, KCB, PC (15
March 1881 – 27 June 1975) was a British politician and academic, who played a minor, but important role in the
foundations of pan-European government. Salter was the eldest son of James
Edward Salter (1857–1937) of the Thames boating company Salters Steamers, and who became Mayor of Oxford in 1909. Educated at Oxford City High School and Brasenose College, Oxford,
where he was a scholar, he graduated with first class honours in Literae Humaniores in
1903. Salter joined the Civil Service in 1904
and worked in the transport department of the Admiralty, on national insurance, and as private secretary,
being promoted to Assistant Secretary grade
in 1913. On the outbreak of war, he was recalled to the Admiralty, and became
director of ship requisitioning. He was sent to Washington D.C. to press for a US programme of new
construction. In 1917/18 he was a colleague of Jean Monnet in the Chartering Committee of the Allied Maritime Transport
Council, and in 1919 appointed secretary of the Supreme Economic Council in
Paris. Salter then worked as head of the economic and financial section of
the League of Nations secretariat,
and in the League secretariat at Geneva, where he worked for stabilization of currencies
of Austria and Hungary and resettlement of refugees in Greece and Bulgaria. In the 1920s, having seen the League of Nations fail
through the vested interests of individual countries, Monnet and Salter worked
together to develop plans for the establishment of a 'United States of Europe',
headed by an unelected technocrat government. He returned to London in 1930, and worked as journalist and author. In
1932, he presided over a Conference on Road and Rail Transport tasked with
looking at the true costs and benefits of transport, and whose results were
known as the Salter Report. It
recommended changes to the way that public roads were funded to account for the
growing demands of the motor car and road freight, and to ensure that road and
rail were evenly regulated and competed fairly. In 1934, he was appointed
Gladstone professor of political theory and institutions at Oxford University, and a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford.
He was Independent Member of Parliament (MP)
for Oxford
University from 1937 to 1950. On outbreak of war in 1939, he
resumed his role in shipping, being appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Shipping. In summer
1940, he once more worked with Jean Monnet on a proposal to politically unify
Britain and France as a bastion against Nazism. Whilst the paper was rejected,
it reignited the possibility of pan-European government. Later, Salter headed
the British shipping mission to Washington from 1941 to 1943, where he once
more came into contact with Monnet, and they worked to interest President
Roosevelt in the 'European project'. These seeds would go on to bear fruit, as
in 1948, the Americans would establish, and fund, the foundations of
pan-European government. He was appointed a Privy
Counsellor in 1941. In 1944 he was appointed deputy
director-general of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration. He
served as Chancellor
of the Duchy of Lancaster in the short-lived Churchill caretaker ministry (May–July
1945). He was elected as Conservative MP for Ormskirk from
1951 to 1953, and served as Minister of State for Economic Affairs at the Treasury,
and as Minister of Materials in
1952. Rab Butler, the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, claimed that Churchill called Salter "the greatest economist
since Jesus Christ". Butler's biographer Anthony Howard writes
that Salter was "never more than a minor, and sometimes visible, irritant
to the new Chancellor" Butler called him "Micawber Salter"
because of his opposition to Butler's proposal to let the pound float ("Operation ROBOT").
In the mid-1950s he was invited by Nuri al-Said to
be one of the external members of the Iraqi government's Development Board;
while working with this board, he produced what came to be known as " the
Salter report" on industrial development of the Iraqi economy. He was
raised to the peerage as Baron Salter, of Kidlington in the County of
Oxford, on 16 October 1953. He had received many honours during his career,
being first appointed a Companion of the Bath in 1918, a Knight Commander of the Bath in 1922, and a GBE in
1944. His peerage became extinct when he died in 1975, aged 94.