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Oct 37-207
Dimensions : the sheet: 16.5 cm by 12.5 cm.
Original engraving from the 17th century.
On laid paper, watermarked.
Some traces of handling, some foxing.
In transparency:
Quick and neat delivery .
Oct 37-207
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The discoveries of important prehistoric deposits in Amiens contributed to the birth of Prehistory, a science which established itself in the second half of the 19th century. The territory has enormous potential for Quaternary geology and for the study of the first settlements in Europe.The importance of Amiens deposits as well as the quality of the work of local prehistorians, such as Victor Commont or Jacques Boucher de Perthes (considered the founder of Prehistory), have brought international scientific fame to the territory. In the same way as the Vézère and Dordogne valleys, the Somme valley is a reference for Prehistory and for the study of the Paleolithic.
It was in Amiens that one of the oldest civilizations of humanity was defined: the Acheulean. In 1853, “cut axes” were collected in the old alluvium of the Somme near the suburb of Saint-Acheul, to the east of the city. This discovery fascinated the most imminent specialists of the time who flocked to the site (Joseph Prestwich, Hugh Falconer, Charles Lyell, John Evans, etc.). In August 1859, Albert Gaudry discovered nine new “cut axes” there which, according to him, attest to the great antiquity of humanity.
These discoveries mark the beginning of the great period of Saint-Acheul which will last more than 75 years. Between 1860 and 1880, 20,000 bifaces were collected. From then on, the Amiens site became the reference for the main facies of the Lower Paleolithic and welcomed specialists and collectors from all over the world. This success even gave rise to a trade in fake cut flints.
In 1872, Gabriel de Mortillet, designer of prehistoric chronology, decided to call the period of Prehistory characterized by the cut flints identical to those found in the Saint-Acheul district Acheulean.
Today, the archaeological garden of Saint-Acheul is open to the public58 and presents landscaping of the old quarries classified as Historic Monuments in 194759.
In 2007, archaeological excavations on rue du Manège revealed the very first traces of human occupation in an alluvial layer. The remains collected during this intervention date back approximately 500,000 to 550,000 years.
In 2014, a Gravettian Venus dating back around 23,000 years was unearthed in the Renancourt district60. The Venus of Renancourt is the first work of this kind discovered in the North of France and one of the rare testimonies of the presence of Cro-Magnon man at the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic. It is exhibited at the Picardie Museum.
Mesolithic
In 2006, excavations revealed Mesolithic sitesb on positions on the ancient banks of the Somme and the Selle61.
Neolithic
The Neolithic has not been the subject of as intensive research as the Paleolithic in the territory of Amiens. However, a deposit in the Montières-Etouvie sector yielded an abundant Neolithic industry in yellow flint of excellent quality.
The brickworks of Renancourt have also uncovered remains attributable to the Neolithic or Chalcolithic periods; as evidenced by the navigable bipennal ax which is exhibited at the Picardie Museum.
Protohistory
Detailed articles: Ambiens and Samara Park.
In the 3rd century BC, the territory was occupied by a Gallic people, the Belgians, divided into several tribes: the Ambiens occupied the surroundings of Amiens up to the coast. This population densely exploits the territory, with the establishment of a network of farms. From the 2nd century BC. BC, oppidums were founded locally: L'Étoile, La Chaussée-Tirancourt, Méricourt-sur-Somme, etc.
The Ambians minted coins inspired by the staters of Taranto, in Greater Greece, which tends to prove the prosperity of this tribe and its economic links with the Mediterranean. The Ambien coinage served as a model for the Parisii and the Bellovaques62.
Today, Samara Park is located at the foot of the ancient Gallic oppidum of La Chaussée-Tirancourt. Located 15 km from Amiens, it is a natural and archaeological park dedicated to Prehistory, Protohistory and the Gallo-Roman period.
antiquity
Main article: Samarobriva.
Samarobriva (Somme Bridge in Gallic) is the name of the town of Amiens in the Gallo-Roman era; it is cited for the first time in Julius Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War. The latter set up his winter quarters there after returning from an expedition to island Brittany in 54 BC. AD A few years later, the capital of the Ambiens is a large city which controls the passage of the Via Agrippa of the Ocean linking Lugdunum (Lyon) to Gesoriacum (Boulogne-sur-Mer). Junction point of many other Roman roads, Samarobriva holds a strategic place in terms of trade and the diffusion of Romanization.
During the 1st century, the city
Apart from a mention by Gregory of Tours evoking the surroundings of the castrum, a charter of 779 citing Amiens as one of the first places of the Frankish kingdom and another charter, of 850, attesting to an episcopal group composed of at least two churches , only archaeological data allows us to sketch the city during the six centuries following the end of the Roman era. Amiens then retains the ancient architectural framework: the wall which closes the town, the roads and some civil buildings such as the amphitheater which becomes the main fortress. The excavation of the market square only revealed hut funds from the Carolingian period. A story from the 950s depicts a city organized into two poles, one around the count's turris, the other around the bishop's turris69.
Saint Louis mediator by Georges Rouget (1820).
In 859, the city was pillaged by the Vikings. In 881/882, the latter again occupied the city and transformed it into a military base before burning it down. During the minority of Duke Richard I of Normandy, opposing the takeover of Normandy by the King of France and the donation of various fiefs to Arnould of Flanders, one of his followers, the Norman Sygtryg, returned from England and Ireland with Hrolf Turtain, raised fleets to devastate the coasts of the county of Flanders and penetrated as far as Beauvais, Amiens and Noyon, in order to raise the local Viking colonies against the Count of Flanders70.
The city was rebuilt and, thanks to the renewed peace, experienced new growth from the beginning of the 11th century.
Around 1095, Amiens benefited from an outline of municipal organization; the commune was sworn in 1113 and recognized by the king71. In 1115, Louis VI le Gros was present to support Bishop Geoffroy and the inhabitants against Count Enguerrand de Boves who refused to recognize the municipal institution.
An essential place between Île-de-France and the county of Flanders, the city was united to the crown by Philippe Auguste in 1185. The latter met and married in the town Ingeburge of Denmark in 1193. Amiens saw new fortifications extending towards the north and industrial textile districts with multiple mills developing. Traces of these neighborhoods are still visible today in the Saint-Leu district.
In 1218, lightning destroyed the archives of the bishopric and those of the chapter, and destroyed the Romanesque cathedral which had been rebuilt after the Viking invasions. It is in the heart of this city which knows political stability and wealth that the largest Gothic cathedral in the world was built in 1220.
During the 12th and 13th centuries, Amiens was one of the main “draping towns” and developed an important trade in dyers' pastel (called waide in Picard)72. The blue of Amiens made the city's fortune and helped finance the work on the cathedral. This prosperity earned Amiens the nickname “land of blue gold”73.
During the 13th and 14th centuries, the city was the scene of major events. On January 23, 1264, in the cathedral still under construction, Saint Louis made a famous arbitration in favor of the King of England, Henry III, known as the Dit of Amiens. In 1279, the King of France Philip III the Bold and the King of England Edward I initialed the Treaty of Amiens which ended the conflict between Capetians and Plantagenêt. In 1329, in the cathedral, the King of England Edward III paid homage to the King of France Philip VI of Valois. On July 17, 1385, Charles VI married Isabeau of Bavaria there.
The Hundred Years' War had serious repercussions on the territory so close to England. In 1358, the battle of Amiens pitted the supporters of Charles II of Navarre - which included the bourgeois of Amiens - against the troops of Charles V. Not far from there, the battles of Crécy (1346) and Agincourt (1415 ) bloody the Picardy lands. In 1423, the Treaty of Amiens sealed a triple alliance between the Duke of Bedford, Philip III of Burgundy and John V of Brittany to fight against Charles VII.
From the end of the 14th to the middle of the 15th century, the Amiens economy was in difficulty. The war between France and England undermined the fruitful commercial exchanges between Amiens and the cities across the Channel; the strengthening of the ramparts put a strain on finances and competition from foreign drapery caused a decline in trade.
In 1435, by the Treaty of Arras, the city was ceded to Burgundy before returning to the crown in 1477 at the will of Louis XI. The sovereign then reaffirmed the communal freedoms of Amiens and granted it the motto which it still retains: Liliis tenaci vimine jungor (A powerful bond unites me to the lily).
In the last third of the 15th century, Amiens found new economic impetus thanks to sayetterie, a light drapery. Amiens merchants developed an important trade in fabrics with Artois and Hainaut. The wools come from all over Picardy and the
Saint Louis mediator by Georges Rouget (1820).
In 859, the city was pillaged by the Vikings. In 881/882, the latter again occupied the city and transformed it into a military base before burning it down. During the minority of Duke Richard I of Normandy, opposing the takeover of Normandy by the King of France and the donation of various fiefs to Arnould of Flanders, one of his followers, the Norman Sygtryg, returned from England and Ireland with Hrolf Turtain, raised fleets to devastate the coasts of the county of Flanders and penetrated as far as Beauvais, Amiens and Noyon, in order to raise the local Viking colonies against the Count of Flanders70.
The city was rebuilt and, thanks to the renewed peace, experienced new growth from the beginning of the 11th century.
Around 1095, Amiens benefited from an outline of municipal organization; the commune was sworn in 1113 and recognized by the king71. In 1115, Louis VI le Gros was present to support Bishop Geoffroy and the inhabitants against Count Enguerrand de Boves who refused to recognize the municipal institution.
An essential place between Île-de-France and the county of Flanders, the city was united to the crown by Philippe Auguste in 1185. The latter met and married in the town Ingeburge of Denmark in 1193. Amiens saw new fortifications extending towards the north and industrial textile districts with multiple mills developing. Traces of these neighborhoods are still visible today in the Saint-Leu district.
In 1218, lightning destroyed the archives of the bishopric and those of the chapter, and destroyed the Romanesque cathedral which had been rebuilt after the Viking invasions. It is in the heart of this city which knows political stability and wealth that the largest Gothic cathedral in the world was built in 1220.
During the 12th and 13th centuries, Amiens was one of the main “draping towns” and developed an important trade in dyers' pastel (called waide in Picard)72. The blue of Amiens made the city's fortune and helped finance the work on the cathedral. This prosperity earned Amiens the nickname “land of blue gold”73.
During the 13th and 14th centuries, the city was the scene of major events. On January 23, 1264, in the cathedral still under construction, Saint Louis made a famous arbitration in favor of the King of England, Henry III, known as the Dit of Amiens. In 1279, the King of France Philip III the Bold and the King of England Edward I initialed the Treaty of Amiens which ended the conflict between Capetians and Plantagenêt. In 1329, in the cathedral, the King of England Edward III paid homage to the King of France Philip VI of Valois. On July 17, 1385, Charles VI married Isabeau of Bavaria there.
The Hundred Years' War had serious repercussions on the territory so close to England. In 1358, the battle of Amiens pitted the supporters of Charles II of Navarre - which included the bourgeois of Amiens - against the troops of Charles V. Not far from there, the battles of Crécy (1346) and Agincourt (1415 ) bloody the Picardy lands. In 1423, the Treaty of Amiens sealed a triple alliance between the Duke of Bedford, Philip III of Burgundy and John V of Brittany to fight against Charles VII.
From the end of the 14th to the middle of the 15th century, the Amiens economy was in difficulty. The war between France and England undermined the fruitful commercial exchanges between Amiens and the cities across the Channel; the strengthening of the ramparts put a strain on finances and competition from foreign drapery caused a decline in trade.
In 1435, by the Treaty of Arras, the city was ceded to Burgundy before returning to the crown in 1477 at the will of Louis XI. The sovereign then reaffirmed the communal freedoms of Amiens and granted it the motto which it still retains: Liliis tenaci vimine jungor (A powerful bond unites me to the lily).
In the last third of the 15th century, Amiens found new economic impetus thanks to sayetterie, a light drapery. Amiens merchants developed an important trade in fabrics with Artois and Hainaut. The wools come from all over Picardy and the
During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, the Somme was invaded by the Prussians, we fought for Amiens which was finally occupied.
The 1870s saw the emergence of the republican movement, locally embodied by Jules Barni, Frédéric Petit and especially René Goblet who became head of the French government in 1886.
In 1872, the writer Jules Verne settled in Amiens. Involved in local public and political life, he became a municipal councilor in 1888. He is one of the initiators of the municipal circus, inaugurated in 1889. Died in 1905 at his home, he was buried in the La Madeleine cemetery.
In 1891 the old Amiens tramway network was created, first with horse-drawn traction then with electric traction from 1899. This network operated until the destruction of the Battle of France in 1940.
At the end of the 19th century, the industrial growth of the “French velvet capital” attracted a population from the countryside. The Industrial Company built a housing estate, with a washhouse, school and church between Saint-Roch station and Boulevard du Port [archive] to strengthen the alliance of labor and capital between 1869 and 1879. The Cosserat family had houses built on the Abbeville road to house their workers.
The 1870s saw the emergence of the republican movement, locally embodied by Jules Barni, Frédéric Petit and especially René Goblet who became head of the French government in 1886.
In 1872, the writer Jules Verne settled in Amiens. Involved in local public and political life, he became a municipal councilor in 1888. He is one of the initiators of the municipal circus, inaugurated in 1889. Died in 1905 at his home, he was buried in the La Madeleine cemetery.
In 1891 the old Amiens tramway network was created, first with horse-drawn traction then with electric traction from 1899. This network operated until the destruction of the Battle of France in 1940.
At the end of the 19th century, the industrial growth of the “French velvet capital” attracted a population from the countryside. The Industrial Company built a housing estate, with a washhouse, school and church between Saint-Roch station and Boulevard du Port [archive] to strengthen the alliance of labor and capital between 1869 and 1879. The Cosserat family had houses built on the Abbeville road to house their workers.