You are bidding on a medical Psychiatry certificate of the doctor Adolf Wilhelm Bockendahl (1855-1928), district physicist in Kiel.

Medical certificate that the participant Lewis Dunbar (* 6. May 1837 in New Bedford, Massachusetts / USA), since 1876 in the Private mental asylum in Hornheim near Kiel, suffers from mental illness (paranoia) and his further stay in an institution is necessary.

So Lewis Dunbar had been a patient at Hornburg for 20 years (unless the year 1876 was a typo for 1896); The Wikipedia article on Hornburg says about the length of stay of the patients: "Since some people lived in the clinic for more than a decade (in one case 17 years), the average length of stay for men was 6 years and for women 5 years."

Dated Kiel, 31st October 1896.

Scope: half of 2 pages describedben (32.8 x 20.8 cm).

With signature and stamp from Dr. Bockendahl.

Condition: Paper browned and slightly stained. with creases in the upper area.BiPlease note aalso the pictures!

Internal note: Dok-Ilten 2

OverAdolf Wilhelm Bockendahl and the Hornheim Asylum (Source: wikipedia):

Adolf Wilhelm Bockendahl (*5. July 1855 in Schleswig; † 24. May 1928 in Kiel) was a German physician.

Life and work: Adolf Wilhelm Bockendahl was a son of the doctor Johannes Bockendahl (1826-1902) and his wife Sabine Marie Henriette Rüppell († 1. August 1895 in Kiel). He attended a high school in Kiel and studied medicine at universities in Munich, Heidelberg and Kiel. After passing the state examination at Kiel University in 1878, he received his doctorate two years later. He then worked for two years as an assistant doctor in the medical clinic under Heinrich Quincke and the women's clinic under Carl Conrad Theodor Litzmann. After passing the physics exam in 1882, he opened his own practice in Kiel a year later.

In 1884 Bockendahl took over the positions of deputy district physicist and court expert and succeeded H. Joens as district physicist in 1895. In this position he was a member of the city's public health commission. In 1901 he was appointed district doctor, in 1903 he was appointed Privy Medical Councilor and in 1906 he was appointed city doctor of Kiel. From 1896 to 1920 he also worked as a medical officer for the state insurance company and several professional associations. He also took over the medical care of the Kiel Provincial Blind Asylum.

In addition to his medical work, Bockendahl was a member of the examination committee for the medical state examination at Kiel University. Here he took part in exams for pharmacology and then for obstetrics until 1892. After the death of his father, who had taught at the university, the teaching institution intended to temporarily give Bockedahl a teaching position in forensic medicine in 1902. However, she was unable to implement the plans due to a lack of financial resources. In 1906, the university finally gave up on these considerations and instead pursued the establishment of a planned extraordinariate.

Bockendahl played a key role in developing the health and welfare system in the city of Kiel. He gave public lectures on health care topics and published on them. He was concerned with the fight against infectious diseases and the establishment of bodies that were supposed to advise on general hygiene issues. These activities gave him national fame.

Bockendahl took part in the planning work for the establishment of several Kiel institutions for the prevention of infectious diseases, such as the infection department, the isolation ward, the Pathological-Anatomical Institute and, in 1890, the municipal disinfection institute, which was located on the grounds of the poor people's and hospital on Kronshagener Weg.

In addition, Bockendahl worked on founding a department for TB care in 1905 and two years later on the Viehburg forest recreation center built here. In 1910 there was also a department for the care of the blind and drinkers and the expansion of an existing practice into an infant care center. During his term in office he also hired a city school doctor for the first time.

Bockendahl was married to Frederikke Scheibel, with whom he had two daughters and a son. His brother was the surgeon Ernst Bockendohl.

TheHornheim was Germany's third (or fourth) psychiatric hospital. It was the first private clinic to exist from 1845 to 1905 in what is now Kiel's Gaarden-Süd and Kronsburg districts. The Hornheimer Riegel is named after her.

Sanatorium: While still a doctor in Schleswig, Peter Willers Jessen acquired the farming position of the Gaardener Kötter Stämmler. It was between Moorseer Weg and Vieburger Weg. There he wanted to build the second psychiatric clinic in the Danish duchies of Schleswig and Holstein after Schleswig. He designed the clinic buildings and gardens based on the Illenau model. The construction drawings came from Alexis de Chateauneuf, who himself was a patient in the Hornheim for months in 1850.

The foundation stone was laid on the 13th. Laid in July 1844. As announced by the government at Gottorf Castle on January 21st. Approved in October 1845, Jessen named the clinic in a subtle play on words after his Berlin teachers Horn and Heim. After just a year of construction, the Hornheim was opened in the fall of 1845.[1] With its bourgeois furnishings, it was intended for well-off patients. This was an innovation in that at that time hospitals were equated with poorhouses and asylums with madhouses and prisons. Wealthy patients therefore avoided the hospital and were treated at home even in critical cases.

“Hornheim should become an asylum in the true sense of the word, a place of refuge for the sick and suffering who need a shorter or longer distance from the usual conditions of life in order to find recovery, peace and quiet. All sick people taken in there will form a large family with me and mine, and will be viewed and treated as members of it: healing the sick, comforting and uplifting the suffering, and giving them a cheerful life in a friendly abode will be our goal be a collective endeavor. In this higher and Christian spirit, and with the firm resolution to dedicate our entire future life to the sick and suffering, we will be born on January 1st. The asylum opened in October 1845.”

– Peter Willers Jessen

Building: In the frontal perspective, the fronts of the three buildings and the French garden were to the south, where the complex bordered on the Vieburg woodland. Jessen lived with his family on the ground floor of the main building. There he also took care of the administrative and archive work. The gardener's apartment, a stable, a shed and the greenhouse were located on the slope. The patients were housed in two identical outbuildings with 23 hospital rooms. The laundry room was in the women's house and the workshop was in the men's house. The freely accessible forecourt of both houses – the “veranda” – was secured by a vegetated trellis. The shutters were locked at night. The northern rooms opened into a corridor that was permanently closed off from the outside. On the upper floor there were four rooms for sick people with unrestricted access, two rooms for guards and supervisors and a meeting room.

To the north, a two-story wing was attached to the main wing, each with four patients' rooms and one guard's room. Restless and unclean patients lived downstairs, and upstairs there were those who were in danger of escaping and had to be secured with barred windows. On the northern slope of the site, behind the corridor, was the 5th for those addicted to rage. Station. The three high rooms were divided into an anteroom and a cell. A lattice door was set into the dividing wall, through which the entire cell could be seen. The stoves in the anteroom, like all the others, were heated from the corridor.[1] Because of the increasing number of pre-registrations, in 1853 Jessen considered expanding with intermediate buildings that would connect the main house with the outbuildings. The plans were not realized.

Staff: In addition to cooks, laundresses and waitresses, there were craftsmen and gardeners employed who were also employed as “occupational therapists”. An inspector was in charge of them. The only doctors were Jessen and - from the beginning - his son of the same name. In 1849, the head guard of the “capable, sturdy men” was Claus Friedrich Wriedet, who ran a small country office at the Ziegelteich at Kiel train station, which opened in 1846.

Patients: Jessen addressed “mental and nervous patients from the educated classes” and an international audience. When the clinic opened, he announced the daily care rate in different currencies. The house had to function without state subsidies and the patients had to be dissuaded from their (justified) prejudices about breeding and madhouses. Three months in advance they paid 75 courants a month for accommodation, care and food. The clinic was always busy, with 50 to 60 patients regularly. Two thirds were men, one third were women. The average age was 37 years. Since some people lived in the clinic for more than a decade (17 years in one case), the average length of stay was 6 years for men and 5 years for women.

Jessen defined the concept of illness much more broadly than his colleagues and apparently treated the entire Spektrum of psychiatric illnesses; However, “people who were not mentally ill” were also admitted. Friedrich Wilhelm Felix von Bärensprung was one of the tragic patients. Jessen ate, played, danced, bowled and read with his patients, but recognized the limits:

“The participation of many sick people, especially those who are incurable, in family life, relationships, etc. is in any case illusory; most are too wrong or too plagued by pathological ideas or feelings to be accessible to subtler sensations.”

– Peter Willers Jessen (1859)

Kiel: As idyllic as it is remote, the Hornheim did not find any living connection with Kiel. The people of Kiel's fear of the mentally ill and the “madhouse” met Jessen's desire for discretion, but it fueled prejudice and official mistrust. In a letter to the Royal Kiel Office, the Kiel Bailiwick described Hornheim as a state within a state (1853); But ten years later, no regulations for state supervision had been developed.[1] Slander from two patients who escaped led to “tremendous publicity.” They had no legal consequences for Jessen, but accelerated the legislation on the admission, accommodation and control of mentally ill people.

End: When Jessen died in 1875, his son continued to run the clinic with moderate success. Numerous private psychiatric clinics emerged in Allen German states. The Hornheim lost its importance. As Jessen d. When J. turned 75 and gave up the Hornheim in 1898 without an heir, the mental hospital at the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel was already established. The time of the Hornheim was over. Jessen continued to live in the main house. The park was cut down, the hospital buildings lay derelict, and the area was used as a sand and gravel pit.

In 1905 a consortium from Kiel bought the site. The hospital buildings were demolished in 1906. Most of the land area was settled and built on. The family of the immigrant Italian Grisante Panizzi bought the rest, including the main building. The son Peter Panizzi set up one of Germany's most important silk moth farms there. After Austria was annexed, he was sent to Vienna to breed caterpillars on a large scale - to produce parachute silk. The other son - also Grisante by first name - set up a trucking company from Hornheim before the Second World War. Later sold to the city of Kiel, it formed the basis of the Kiel transport company.

Exactly 100 years after its inauguration, the Hornheim was hit by an incendiary bomb during the air raids on Kiel. The fire ruins remained standing until 1961 and were sold to a construction company in Kiel. It was demolished and the property was built on with single-family homes.

Hornheimer Weg: Only the Hornheimer Weg in Kiel reminds us of the Hornheim and its great importance in German psychiatric history. There is no explanation of the name on the street signs.

Without the current street name, Hornheimer Weg is on the Topographical Military Chart of the Duchy of Holstein (1789–1796) No. 21 drawn by Gustav Adolf von Varendorff. The name appeared for the first time in 1852 in the Kiel address book 1852 (p. 1) as “Hornheim Asylum”. In 1905 and 1920 the Hornheimer Weg was mentioned in the protocol text. According to the 1938 address book, it led from Barkauer Weg (1789, 1880) to the former Hornheim farm. Since 1971 it has started on Lübscher Baum street at the Barkauer roundabout.