Type | CD-dedicated digital signal reproducer |
Formatting | CD standard format Error correction method : CIRC Number of channels : 2 channels Rotation speed : 500 ~ 200 rpm (CLV) Performance speed : 1.2 to 1.4m/s, constant |
Reading system | Non-contact optical reading (using semiconductor laser) |
Laser | GaAlAs (double hetero diode) |
Digital Output Format / Level | Formatting : Digital Audio Interface Optical Output : -20dBm Emission wavelength : 660 nm Coaxial : 0.5Vp-p/75 Ω |
Semiconductor used | Transistor : 22 Nos. IC : 27 Nos. Diode : 34 pcs |
Pwer | 100V/117V/220V/240V, 50Hz/60Hz |
Power consumption | 15W |
External dimensions | Width 475x Height 135 (Including Legs) x Depth 373 mm |
Weight | 15.0kg |
Attachment : Remote Commander RC-1 | |
Remote control system | Infrared pulse system |
Pwer | DC 3V |
Dry battery | SUM-3 (IEC Designation, R6), 2 units |
Maximum external dimensions | 64 mm wide x 149 mm high x 18 mm deep |
Weight | 115g (including dry batteries) |
Technical highlights
The Accuphase DP-80L CD player and DC-81L digital processor are refined versions of the original DP-80 and DC-81 that I reviewed for Stereophile in Vol.10 No.6. That $8000 player featured a 2x-oversampling digital filter and discrete 16-bit DACs and had what was then the most accessible CD sound that I had heard. Even that well-known digiphobe Larry Archibald was moved to praise its sound. It didn't quite approach the resolving power of the original Stax Quattro, however, which was, in those far-off days—September 1987—the champ when it came to the retrieval of detail.
Identically styled and sized to the original '80/'81 combination, with champagne-gold front panels and highly lacquered persimmon wood endcheeks, the new units are very different under the skin. The player is based on a diecast aluminum chassis and now has a sprung transport, compared with the original's unsprung unit, and is capable of playing 3" discs. A hinged panel conceals all function buttons, apart from Play, Track Search (Back/Forward), and Pause. All the functions, including Open/Close, are duplicated on the supplied infrared remote control. The power supply is hefty, based on a large toroidal transformer at the unit's rear, and includes a line filter on the mains input.
A single large printed circuit board carries all the circuitry responsible for controlling the disc motor and linear-drive laser sled, for extracting and demodulating the data from the disc, and for presenting it in the EIA-standard, multiplexed, two-channel serial format to the output sockets. (Two optical outputs are provided, as well as a 75 ohm coaxial output.) Sony LSIs handle the servo control and digital processing tasks, and two 8-bit microprocessors are used, one each for mechanism control and for display/control key handling, with a single master clock used throughout the player. A discrete red LED numeric display indicates play, track/index number, and time, though, as with the display on the processor unit, this is a little too discreet, being hard to read from the other side of a sunlit room.
The equally massive DC-81L features separate toroidal transformers for the digital and analog sections, again with intrinsic mains supply filtering. A hinged flap on the front panel conceals digital source select and level up/down buttons, these duplicated on the DP-80L's remote control. Red LEDs display which of the optical or coaxial inputs has been selected, the sampling frequency of the input signal, whether or not the input is pre-emphasized, and the amount of output attenuation selected, in dB down to –40dB. Four main printed circuit boards, in two layers, almost completely fill the unit's interior. On the bottom are the digital and power-supply boards, the latter carrying the rectification and filter circuitry to provide separate regulated 5V rails for the digital circuitry and left and right DACs; left and right regulated –37V rails for the DACs; independent regulated ±19V supplies for the left and right analog boards; and a 24V rail for the relays.
A block diagram of the processor reveals that the digital board takes the input datastream, identifies the sampling frequency, and automatically reconstitutes the correct clock frequency—32, 44.1, or 48kHz—using a phase-locked loop. Error correction is applied if necessary, and the data for left and right channels are separated and resampled by a digital filter operating at 352.8kHz. This is specified as giving 110dB attenuation between 24kHz and 328.7kHz, with less than 0.0001% ripple in the passband. The digital filter also applies the appropriate de-emphasis (with an accuracy said to be ±0.001dB!) and adjusts the output level digitally. (This is done by multiplying the digital word representing the analog sample value by a coefficient selected by the volume up/down buttons. For example, to reduce the level by 20dB, each digital word would be multiplied by the coefficient 0.1.)
Whenever mathematical operations are carried out in the digital domain, the result is always a digital word with more bits than the original. This therefore has to be truncated somehow, and as simply chopping off the extra least significant bits reintroduces quantization noise, this must be done with some sophistication, rounding off rather than rounding up or down. The Accuphase therefore uses a noise-shaper circuit to accomplish this task, truncating the filter's internal words to 20 bits. The final stage on the digital board consists of two arrays of serial-to-parallel converters; the two sets of 20-bit-wide parallel datastreams, together with a "deglitch" signal per channel, are then taken via an edge connector to a mother board.
This, in turn, leads to the two analog boards, one per channel. These are shielded magnetically and electrically and each is also electrically isolated from the digital-processing board by 21 optoisolators—expensive, high-speed Hewlett-Packard devices—one for each bit and one for the deglitch signal. Finally, we get to the heart of the system, the D/A converter which, as in the original DC-81, is a discrete current-multiplying device. The '81L's DAC, however, is a 20-bit device, which implies a resistor tolerance of an astonishing less-than-one-part-in 219; ie, less than 0.00019% error! This, I suspect, is where a significant proportion of the DC-81L's cost lies—and how do you even measure that you have trimmed a resistor to that degree of accuracy unless you already have an accurate 20-bit A/D converter?
The deglitch signal controls a sample-and-hold circuit, followed by a current-to-voltage converter. The analog output voltage is then processed by an 18dB/octave Butterworth low-pass filter to rid it of the 352.8kHz sampling frequency components and their multiples, this based on a GIC (General Impedance Converter) circuit; separate unity-gain buffers, constructed from discrete transistors, provide balanced and unbalanced outputs from XLR and RCA sockets respectively. No DC-blocking capacitors are used, the output buffers featuring DC-servo circuitry.
All things considered, the Accuphase player is built to an outrageously high standard and will probably outlast its owner, as indeed it should at this price level.
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