The "Mörser Karl" (or Karl-Gerät) was a super-heavy self-propelled siege mortar used by Nazi Germany during World War II. The term "Mörser" translates to "mortar" in German. The Karl-Gerät was a massive artillery piece designed for the purpose of destroying heavy fortifications or defensive positions. Here are key details about the Mörser Karl-Gerät:
Design and Development:
- The Mörser Karl-Gerät was designed and built by Rheinmetall-Borsig between 1937 and 1940.
- The development was prompted by the need for heavy siege artillery capable of breaching heavily fortified structures, such as the Maginot Line.
Caliber and Armament:
- The main armament of the Karl-Gerät was a huge 600 mm (24 in) mortar. The mortar had a short barrel but fired extremely large projectiles.
- It was originally designed to fire two types of shells: a high-explosive shell and a shaped-charge shell for penetrating fortifications.
Weight and Dimensions:
- The Karl-Gerät was an immense vehicle, weighing around 124 tons.
- It had a length of approximately 11 meters (36 feet) and was propelled by a Daimler-Benz MB 503 engine.
Crew and Operation:
- The vehicle required a significant crew to operate, including a driver and a large crew for handling the massive mortar.
- Due to its size and weight, the Karl-Gerät was transported on a special transport carriage and assembled on-site.
Combat Use:
- Only a few Karl-Gerät vehicles were produced, and they saw limited use on the Eastern Front during the siege of Sevastopol in 1942 and later during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944.
- The slow speed and vulnerability of the vehicle made it challenging to operate on the battlefield.
Variants:
- Two main variants were produced: the Karl-Gerät I and Karl-Gerät II. The latter had some improvements, including a longer barrel for increased range.
Post-War Fate:
- After the war, the surviving Karl-Gerät vehicles were captured by Allied forces, and some were taken to the United States and the Soviet Union for evaluation.
The Mörser Karl-Gerät, with its colossal size and firepower, was a unique and specialized weapon designed for a very specific purpose. Its operational use was limited, and it became a symbol of the extremes to which military technology was taken during World War II. Today, a few surviving examples can be found in museums.