This medal was awarded to those who participated in World War 1 as either destroyer squadrons in the Mediterranean or those who went to Siberia after the Bolshevik Revolution.
The blackened bronze medal features two crossed Rising Sun flags (for the Army and Navy) beneath a sixteen-petaled Imperial Chrysanthemum, with Paulownia flowers and leaves.
The reverse are three kanji characters, which translate to "Taisho era 3rd-9th Years War" (1914-1920). This is in reference to the Japanese involvement in the First World War, and beyond it to include actions in Siberia (Japanese troops, following the Bolshevik revolution, occupied Vladivostok until 1922).
A swiveling hanger is connected to its top, which is itself then connected to a swiveling horizontal bar, through which the ribbon is looped. To the face of the bar is embossed a row of four kanji characters, translating to "War Medal."
The Russo-Japanese War in Japanese Nichiro Senso; 1914-20 was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden in Southern Manchuria and the seas around Korea, Japan and the Yellow Sea.
While Russia sought a warm-water port on the Pacific Ocean for its navy and for maritime trade. Japan feared Russian encroachment on its plans to create a sphere of influence in Korea and Manchuria. Russia had demonstrated an expansionist policy in the Siberian Far East from the reign of Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century.
Seeing Russia as a rival, Japan offered to recognize Russian dominance in Manchuria in exchange for recognition of Korea as being within the Japanese sphere of influence. Russia refused and demanded Korea north of the 39th parallel to be a neutral buffer zone between Russia and Japan.
The Japanese government perceived a Russian threat to its plans for expansion into Asia and chose to go to war. After negotiations broke down in 1904, the Japanese Navy opened hostilities by attacking the Russian Eastern Fleet at Port Arthur, China, in a surprise attack.
The complete victory of the Japanese military surprised world observers. The consequences transformed the balance of1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War r in East Asia, resulting in a reassessment of Japan's recent entry onto the world stage. It was the first major military victory in the modern era of an Asian power over a European one.
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