SONGYE TRIBAL MORE INFORMATION

TYPES OF ART

There are numerous mask
styles associated with the Songye. Power objects and objects associated with
divination are also prevalent in Western collections. In the past many Songye
objects have been misattributed to the Luba and vice versa.

HISTORY

Songye origins are
shared with the Luba through a common mythical Songye ancestor known
as Kongolo, who can be traced through lineages to the 16th century. The
linguistic traditions of these neighboring peoples are intertwined as well. It
is believed that the founders of the Songye emerged from the lake region in
Shaba province to the south in the heart of the Luba homeland. The
Lomani River divides Songye territory and marks the boundary of the areas
invaded by the Luba. As a result of these geographic and political
differences there emerged of two distinct social structures among the eastern
and western Songye and two stylistic differences in art forms between the two
areas.

ECONOMY

The Songye traditionally
relied mostly on farming and hunting for subsistence. Because the rivers were
associated with the spirits of deceased chiefs who were often buried in them,
fishing was not practiced except in times of great need. The artistic wares of
the Songye, including pottery made by women and weaving and metalworking done
by men, were traded extensively with their neighbors. They were recognized as
superior craftsmen, and their products were in great demand.

POLITICAL SYSTEMS

The Songye are divided
into about thirty-five subgroups. The Yakitenge (paramount chief) and his
advisers are the central power in Songye territory. Many of the subgroups were
actually quite large, were often spread over many miles, and were densely
populated. The markets in these areas attracted numerous artisans and traders
from throughout the region. At one time, Bukishi was a dominant educational
society which helped to maintain social control through the use of kifibwe masks,
but it no longer functions to this degree except in the southeastern regions
bordering on Luba territory.

RELIGION

The creator god of the
Songye is Efile, although sacrifices are not made directly to him. Much
attention is focused on familial ancestors, to whom sacrifices are made to
encourage the well-being of the individual and the family.

PEOPLES

Luba, Luba Kasai,
Sungu, Tetela, Mputu, Luntu, Binji, Kaniok, Kusu