Samuel White Small | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | July 3, 1851 |
| Died | November 21, 1931(aged 80) |
| Resting place | Arlington National Cemetery |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Emory & Henry College |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Employer | Atlanta Constitution |
| Known for | Evangelist, prohibitionist |
| Political party | Democratic, Prohibition, Populist |
| Spouse | Annie Isabelle Arnold |
| Children | 3 |
Samuel White "Sam" Small (July 3, 1851 – November 21, 1931) was a journalist, Methodistevangelist, and prohibitionist.
Youth[edit]
Small was born on a plantation near Knoxville, Tennessee, the son of Alexander B. Small, a newspaper editor and president of an express company.[1] Small later said of his childhood that he was "well born … given by kindly parents all the true and religious culture that a boy could have in a loving home."[2] At thirteen Small enlisted in the reserves of the Confederate Armyduring the last months of the war.[3] He graduated from high school in New Orleans[4] and then attended Emory & Henry College, graduating in 1871. He immediately began a career in journalism even while toying with becoming a lawyer. In 1873, he married Annie Isabelle Arnold, and they had a daughter and two sons.[5]
Early career[edit]
The influence of his father secured Small a position as secretary to former President Andrew Johnson. In 1878, President James Garfieldappointed Small secretary to the United States commissioner general of the Paris Exposition of 1878. Despite his other interests, Small retained an "obsession for politics," and near the end of his life he boasted of having "clasped hands with every president from James Buchanan to Herbert Hoover."[6]
Small contributed to the Atlanta Constitution a series of dialect sketches under the persona of an old black man, "Old Si," stories that gained him a national reputation.[7]Unfortunately, Small had by this time descended into alcoholism, and when he was unable to continue, editor Evan Howell asked Joel Chandler Harris to try his hand at similar material.[8]
Evangelist and prohibitionist[edit]
In September 1885, while working as a court stenographer and freelance reporter, Small covered a revival meeting of evangelist Sam Jones in Cartersville, Georgia. There Small was so "overwhelmed by conviction of sin" that on arriving back in Atlanta, he immediately started drinking.[9] Nevertheless, four days after visiting Cartersville, Small "pleaded with Christ that he would let me cling to his cross, lay down all my burdens and sins there, and be rescued and saved by his compassion." Small's family at first feared he was slipping into madness.[10] Small soon began testifying to his deliverance from alcohol, and Sam Jones now came to hear him preach in Atlanta. "Small's fame and newspaper connections ensured that his conversion would garner publicity," and Jones invited Small to be his associate.[11]
Although Small's collaboration with Jones lasted only a few years, in part because of heavy debts Small had contracted while he was drinking,[12] Small interspersed his re-entrance into journalism with preaching, lecturing, and writing two books that advocated prohibition: Pleas for Prohibition (1889) and The White Angel of the World (1891).[13] In 1889, Small even considered becoming an Episcopal priest.[14]
Later career[edit]
Small founded the Oklahoma City Oklahoman (1889) and the Norfolk (VA) Pilot (1894).[15] Appointed a chaplain during the Spanish–American War, Small began an English language paper in Havana. In 1890 Small also unsuccessfully attempted to found a Methodist college in Ogden, Utah,[16] but he eventually found his way back to the editorial staff of the Atlanta Constitution by 1901.[17]
Small also lectured on behalf of the Anti-Saloon League.[18] In a florid address to the Anti-Saloon League's 1917 convention in Washington, DC, Small told the cheering crowd that if the United States enacted prohibition, "then you and I may proudly expect to see this America of ours, victorious and Christianized, become not only the savior but the model and the monitor of the reconstructed civilization of the world in the future."[19]Small also kept his hand in politics. In 1892 he ran for Congress as a prohibition-supporting Populist.[20]
In 1927, Bob Jones, Sr. asked Small to write a creed for the proposed Bob Jones College. The creed written quickly on the back of an envelope has been memorized and recited daily by generations of Bob Jones University students.[21]
By 1930, Small was the oldest active editor in the South and still wrote three columns of editorials a day.[22] Nevertheless, Small had been injured in a fall during the Republican National Convention of 1928, and he died in Atlanta on November 21, 1931. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.[23]