Dirty Rotten Scoundrels is a 2004 musical comedy, with music and lyrics by David Yazbek and a book by Jeffrey Lane; it is based on the 1988 film of the same name. The musical premiered on Broadway in 2005 and ran for 626 performances. It has since received tours and international productions. The Australian production opened in 2013 to rave reviews and was called the "best musical to hit Sydney this century" by the Sydney Morning Herald. A West End production opened in 2014 to generally warm reviews.

The musical premiered at the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego, California on September 22, 2004, before moving to Broadway in January 2005 and officially opening in March at the Imperial Theatre. The show closed on Broadway on September 3, 2006 after a total of 626 performances. The director was Jack O'Brien, choreographer was Jerry Mitchell, with scenic design by David Rockwell, costume design by Gregg Barnes, and lighting design by Kenneth Posner. The cast included John Lithgow, Norbert Leo Butz, Sherie Rene Scott, Joanna Gleason, Gregory Jbara, and Sara Gettelfinger. The production was nominated for ten Tony Awards, including Best Musical, Best Book and Best Score, winning for one, for Leading Actor in a Musical (Butz).