_
277-tir61
Minted around 1950.
Some minimal traces of handling, beautiful old patina (some patina defects).
Engraver : Raymond DELAMARRE (1890-1986).
Dimensions : 67mm.
Weight : 140 g.
Metal : bronze.
Hallmark on the edge (mark on the edge) : Cornucopia + bronze.
Quick and neat delivery.
The stand is not for sale.
The support is not for sale.
Samuel de Champlain, probably born in Brouage (kingdom of France) between 1567 and 1574 (perhaps baptized on August 13, 1574 in La Rochelle at the Temple Saint-Yon) and died in Quebec (New France) on December 25, 1635, is a French navigator, cartographer, soldier, explorer, geographer, commander and author of travelogues. He founded the city of Quebec on July 3, 1608.
After training as a navigator in Saintonge (around 1586-1594), he became a soldier in Brittany (1595-1598), then an explorer of the Spanish colonies in America (1599-1601), of the Saint-Laurent River (1603) as well as of Acadia (1604-1607) and the Atlantic coast (between present-day New Brunswick and Cape Cod). He definitively named New France by inscribing it on the map of 16071, representing Acadia from La Hève to the south of Cape Cod. Champlain established the first permanent French colony, first at Port Royal, then in Quebec. To this end, he benefited from the support of the King of France Henri IV, Pierre Dugua de Mons, François Gravé and the Montagnais chief Anadabijou2,3.
Not belonging to the great nobility4, Champlain acted as subordinate to a noble designated by the king. He was thus first lieutenant of the lieutenant general of New France, Pierre Dugua de Mons and from 1612, "lieutenant of the viceroy5 of New France" then from 1629 "commander in New France » in the absence of Cardinal Richelieucoll 1. Local administrator of the city of Quebec until his death, he never received the official title of governor of New France, even if he exercised the functions.
The difficulties encountered in the enterprise of colonizing North America were numerous2, and it was only from the summers of 1634 and 1635, in the last eighteen months of his life, that Champlain saw his dream of colonization came to fruition, with the arrival and establishment of a few dozen families of colonistsnote 1. His determination to establish a French colony in North America earned him, since the middle of the 19th century, the nickname “Father of New France”.
Biography
Her youth
Samuel de Champlain was born into a Protestant family6. His childhood is unknown7, but he received good training as a navigator and cartographer in the royal army of Brittany, as well as a designer and text editor. He later wrote numerous works (see Works). He himself says that “from an early age he developed an appreciation for the art of navigation and a love of the ocean8”. A document from 1601 indicates a family link with Guillaume Allène, his uncle when he inherited his wine estate, an estate located in La Jarne, near La Rochelle9. Guillaume Allène went to live in Brouage in 1583 when he married one of Mother Champlain's sisters. Robert Le Blant found the first mention of Samuel de Champlain in the archives of Ille-et-Vilaine. This is a pay statement in the Royal Army of Brittany dated Mars 159510.
In the king's army, in Brittany (1595 - 1598)
“Horrible cruelties of the Huguenots in France. » Religious wars are tearing Europe apart.
Champlain took part in the wars of religion, which ravaged the kingdom of France in the second half of the 16th century and where Catholics and Protestants, also called Huguenots, opposed each other. Henry IV fought against the Catholics of the League, but in 1593 Henry renounced his Protestant faith and he was crowned king in February 1594.
Samuel Champlain enlisted in the spring of 1593 in the king's army, under the direction of marshals d'Aumont, de Saint-Luc, then Brissacnote 2, in Blavet, in the south of the Duchy of Brittany. Champlain then joined the Logis Service of the royal army of Brittany, a veritable school of cartography11. This army raised by Henry IV aims to subdue the Duke of Mercoeur, secessionist governor of Brittany and baillist of the house of Penthièvre. It is a central episode of the eighth war of religion (1585–1598), during which the Duke of Mercoeur, in an effort to wrest Catholic Brittany from the "heretic king", offered refuge to the last rebel troops of the Catholic League and organizes the landing of a Spanish expeditionary force.
“La Rochelle being the center of the Huguenot party, the Leaguers were quick to bring their weapons there, and we have seen that, from 1577, they came to lay siege to Brouage, under the leadership of the Duke of Mayenne. Champlain tells us that he "was employed in the king's army under Marshal d'Aumont, de Saint-Luc, and Marshal de Brissac, as quartermaster of the said army for several years." [...] But, in 1586, while François d'Epinay de Saint-Luc defended Brouage attacked by Henri de Navarre and the Prince de Condé, it is quite probable that Champlain had already left his paternal home to defend his native town against the Huguenot invaders. He could then have v
After training as a navigator in Saintonge (around 1586-1594), he became a soldier in Brittany (1595-1598), then an explorer of the Spanish colonies in America (1599-1601), of the Saint-Laurent River (1603) as well as of Acadia (1604-1607) and the Atlantic coast (between present-day New Brunswick and Cape Cod). He definitively named New France by inscribing it on the map of 16071, representing Acadia from La Hève to the south of Cape Cod. Champlain established the first permanent French colony, first at Port Royal, then in Quebec. To this end, he benefited from the support of the King of France Henri IV, Pierre Dugua de Mons, François Gravé and the Montagnais chief Anadabijou2,3.
Not belonging to the great nobility4, Champlain acted as subordinate to a noble designated by the king. He was thus first lieutenant of the lieutenant general of New France, Pierre Dugua de Mons and from 1612, "lieutenant of the viceroy5 of New France" then from 1629 "commander in New France » in the absence of Cardinal Richelieucoll 1. Local administrator of the city of Quebec until his death, he never received the official title of governor of New France, even if he exercised the functions.
The difficulties encountered in the enterprise of colonizing North America were numerous2, and it was only from the summers of 1634 and 1635, in the last eighteen months of his life, that Champlain saw his dream of colonization came to fruition, with the arrival and establishment of a few dozen families of colonistsnote 1. His determination to establish a French colony in North America earned him, since the middle of the 19th century, the nickname “Father of New France”.
Biography
Her youth
Samuel de Champlain was born into a Protestant family6. His childhood is unknown7, but he received good training as a navigator and cartographer in the royal army of Brittany, as well as a designer and text editor. He later wrote numerous works (see Works). He himself says that “from an early age he developed an appreciation for the art of navigation and a love of the ocean8”. A document from 1601 indicates a family link with Guillaume Allène, his uncle when he inherited his wine estate, an estate located in La Jarne, near La Rochelle9. Guillaume Allène went to live in Brouage in 1583 when he married one of Mother Champlain's sisters. Robert Le Blant found the first mention of Samuel de Champlain in the archives of Ille-et-Vilaine. This is a pay statement in the Royal Army of Brittany dated Mars 159510.
In the king's army, in Brittany (1595 - 1598)
“Horrible cruelties of the Huguenots in France. » Religious wars are tearing Europe apart.
Champlain took part in the wars of religion, which ravaged the kingdom of France in the second half of the 16th century and where Catholics and Protestants, also called Huguenots, opposed each other. Henry IV fought against the Catholics of the League, but in 1593 Henry renounced his Protestant faith and he was crowned king in February 1594.
Samuel Champlain enlisted in the spring of 1593 in the king's army, under the direction of marshals d'Aumont, de Saint-Luc, then Brissacnote 2, in Blavet, in the south of the Duchy of Brittany. Champlain then joined the Logis Service of the royal army of Brittany, a veritable school of cartography11. This army raised by Henry IV aims to subdue the Duke of Mercoeur, secessionist governor of Brittany and baillist of the house of Penthièvre. It is a central episode of the eighth war of religion (1585–1598), during which the Duke of Mercoeur, in an effort to wrest Catholic Brittany from the "heretic king", offered refuge to the last rebel troops of the Catholic League and organizes the landing of a Spanish expeditionary force.
“La Rochelle being the center of the Huguenot party, the Leaguers were quick to bring their weapons there, and we have seen that, from 1577, they came to lay siege to Brouage, under the leadership of the Duke of Mayenne. Champlain tells us that he "was employed in the king's army under Marshal d'Aumont, de Saint-Luc, and Marshal de Brissac, as quartermaster of the said army for several years." [...] But, in 1586, while François d'Epinay de Saint-Luc defended Brouage attacked by Henri de Navarre and the Prince de Condé, it is quite probable that Champlain had already left his paternal home to defend his native town against the Huguenot invaders. He could then have v
As for the other Indians who are under the domination of the King of Spain, if he did not give orders, they would be in just as barbaric a belief as the others. At the beginning of his conquests, he had established the inquisition between them, and made them slaves or cruelly put to death in such large numbers that the story alone makes them pity. This ill treatment was the cause that the poor Indians, for the apprehension of it, fled to the mountains as if in despair, and as many Spaniards as they caught, they ate; and for this occasion the said Spaniards were forced to remove the said inquisition from them, and give them freedom of their person, giving them a more gentle and tolerable rule of life, to bring them to the knowledge of God and the belief of the holy Church : because if they still wanted to punish them according to the rigor of the said inquisition, they would put them all to death by fire. »
— Champlain (modernized French)
Champlain illustrates the caning of “Indians” who do not appear for divine service.
“The order they now use is that in each house which is like a village, there is a priest who usually instructs them, having the priest a register of names and nicknames of all the Indians who live in the village under his charge. There is also an Indian who is like village attorney, who has another similar register, and on Sunday, when the priest wants to say mass, all the said Indians are required to present themselves to hear him, and before the priest begins, he takes his register, and calls them all by their name and nickname, and if anyone is missing, he is marked in the said register; then the mass said, the priest instructs the Indian who serves as prosecutor to find out particularly where the defaulters are, and who brings them together at the church, where being in front of the said priest, he asks them for the opportunity for which they did not come to the divine service, for which they allege some excuses if they can find any, and if they are not found true or reasonable, the said priest orders the said Indian attorney who has to give outside the church, in front of all the people, thirty or forty lashes to the defaulters. This is the order that we maintain for them in the religion, in which they live part for fear of being beaten: it is very true that if they have some just opportunity which prevents them from coming to mass, they are excused. »
— Champlain (modernized French)
Pearl fishery, Margarita Island. Champlain observes the exploitation of Native American and African slaves, forced by force to dive.
Return to France and obtain protection from the king
In June-July 1601, his uncle Guillaume Allène died, and bequeathed his property to him by will. Among these assets, on December 9, 1625, Champlain gave his wine estate located in La Jarne to his close friend, the cartographer Charles Leber du Carlo16. Samuel Champlain is back in France. He returned to Brouage where he met a former companion of the Army of Brittany, René Rivery de Potonville. The latter is a member of the Order of Malta and he knows another member well, Aymar de Chaste, governor of Dieppe. René de Rivery suggested that Champlain meet him and give him a copy of the “Brief Discourse” manuscript17.
In the fall of 1601, Aymar de Chaste presented the manuscript of Champlain's “Brief Discourse” to the King. The latter was very impressed and Champlain was invited to Court and the king paid him a pension18. Champlain obtained the protection of the king, but he did not have an official title. Lescarbot, in a sonnet of 1607, hailed him as “royal geographer”. Marcel Trudel writes: “Nowhere does Champlain bear this title and no one other than Lescarbot gives it to him; nothing establishes that Champlain, while acting as a geographer, held the official position of geographer to King Trudel 1. »
1st voyage to Canada, on the St. Lawrence River (1603)
His first journey to North America began in Mars 1603, under the mandate of Aymar de Chaste, governor of Dieppe and then holder of the commercial monopoly of New France. François Gravé (known as Sieur du Pont or Pont-Gravé, Gravé-Dupont, le Pont), merchant and navigator, was leader of a fur trading expedition to Canada19 which included: two “savages” that Pont-Gravé had brought during a previous trip; Pierre Chauvin de La Pierre, relative of the late Pierre de Chauvin de Tonnetuit; and Samuel Champlain, who was unknown until then. François Gravé is an experienced explorer of these regions, and every summer for perhaps 20 years2, he goes up the St. Lawrence River in a 5.20 boat to Trois-Rivières.
Samuel Champlain, observer
“He embarked, not as a lieutenant as has already been written, but as a simple observer as de Monts was in 1600. According to his own statement, he had been invited by Aymar de Chaste to “see this country, & what the people there
— Champlain (modernized French)
Champlain illustrates the caning of “Indians” who do not appear for divine service.
“The order they now use is that in each house which is like a village, there is a priest who usually instructs them, having the priest a register of names and nicknames of all the Indians who live in the village under his charge. There is also an Indian who is like village attorney, who has another similar register, and on Sunday, when the priest wants to say mass, all the said Indians are required to present themselves to hear him, and before the priest begins, he takes his register, and calls them all by their name and nickname, and if anyone is missing, he is marked in the said register; then the mass said, the priest instructs the Indian who serves as prosecutor to find out particularly where the defaulters are, and who brings them together at the church, where being in front of the said priest, he asks them for the opportunity for which they did not come to the divine service, for which they allege some excuses if they can find any, and if they are not found true or reasonable, the said priest orders the said Indian attorney who has to give outside the church, in front of all the people, thirty or forty lashes to the defaulters. This is the order that we maintain for them in the religion, in which they live part for fear of being beaten: it is very true that if they have some just opportunity which prevents them from coming to mass, they are excused. »
— Champlain (modernized French)
Pearl fishery, Margarita Island. Champlain observes the exploitation of Native American and African slaves, forced by force to dive.
Return to France and obtain protection from the king
In June-July 1601, his uncle Guillaume Allène died, and bequeathed his property to him by will. Among these assets, on December 9, 1625, Champlain gave his wine estate located in La Jarne to his close friend, the cartographer Charles Leber du Carlo16. Samuel Champlain is back in France. He returned to Brouage where he met a former companion of the Army of Brittany, René Rivery de Potonville. The latter is a member of the Order of Malta and he knows another member well, Aymar de Chaste, governor of Dieppe. René de Rivery suggested that Champlain meet him and give him a copy of the “Brief Discourse” manuscript17.
In the fall of 1601, Aymar de Chaste presented the manuscript of Champlain's “Brief Discourse” to the King. The latter was very impressed and Champlain was invited to Court and the king paid him a pension18. Champlain obtained the protection of the king, but he did not have an official title. Lescarbot, in a sonnet of 1607, hailed him as “royal geographer”. Marcel Trudel writes: “Nowhere does Champlain bear this title and no one other than Lescarbot gives it to him; nothing establishes that Champlain, while acting as a geographer, held the official position of geographer to King Trudel 1. »
1st voyage to Canada, on the St. Lawrence River (1603)
His first journey to North America began in Mars 1603, under the mandate of Aymar de Chaste, governor of Dieppe and then holder of the commercial monopoly of New France. François Gravé (known as Sieur du Pont or Pont-Gravé, Gravé-Dupont, le Pont), merchant and navigator, was leader of a fur trading expedition to Canada19 which included: two “savages” that Pont-Gravé had brought during a previous trip; Pierre Chauvin de La Pierre, relative of the late Pierre de Chauvin de Tonnetuit; and Samuel Champlain, who was unknown until then. François Gravé is an experienced explorer of these regions, and every summer for perhaps 20 years2, he goes up the St. Lawrence River in a 5.20 boat to Trois-Rivières.
Samuel Champlain, observer
“He embarked, not as a lieutenant as has already been written, but as a simple observer as de Monts was in 1600. According to his own statement, he had been invited by Aymar de Chaste to “see this country, & what the people there
Relations with Native Americans
“Champlain is probably the author who names the most Indian chiefs. He names them by name and inquires about their tradition. And it's very important, because that's what makes all the difference, the links that Champlain will establish with the Indians. If there had not been these alliances, the rest would not have been able to work. It was Franco-Indian alliances that allowed the development of New France”
— Denis Vaugeois86.
The historian William Henry Atherton passes judgment on the great explorer's relations with the Iroquois:
“On arriving in Canada [...] He was about to begin the great work of the colonization of New France, which will be a success, but his first important step was a serious error, for which the New -France will suffer for many years. The entire history of the Iroquois attacks, which terrorized French establishments and Montreal for so many years, is linked to the policy that has just been launched by the colonial builder of Canada. We remember that according to the commissions granted to emissaries in Canada, they must take all means to attract the natives to Christianity, with the privilege of contracting native alliances and if they do not respect the treaties, to force them to do so by open war, and to make peace or war; all this, of course, in accordance with the dignity of a great power and following the established methods of diplomacy.
Arriving in Canada in the spring of 1605 as representative of the King of France, Champlain's fault was to have risked endangering the future by taking sides with the Algonquins and the Hurons, who were then in open war with the Iroquois, this in order to secure its trading establishments. Instead of considering that the future peace of the colony depended on its neutrality, he went against the Iroquois with a few colonists and modern weapons
“Champlain is probably the author who names the most Indian chiefs. He names them by name and inquires about their tradition. And it's very important, because that's what makes all the difference, the links that Champlain will establish with the Indians. If there had not been these alliances, the rest would not have been able to work. It was Franco-Indian alliances that allowed the development of New France”
— Denis Vaugeois86.
The historian William Henry Atherton passes judgment on the great explorer's relations with the Iroquois:
“On arriving in Canada [...] He was about to begin the great work of the colonization of New France, which will be a success, but his first important step was a serious error, for which the New -France will suffer for many years. The entire history of the Iroquois attacks, which terrorized French establishments and Montreal for so many years, is linked to the policy that has just been launched by the colonial builder of Canada. We remember that according to the commissions granted to emissaries in Canada, they must take all means to attract the natives to Christianity, with the privilege of contracting native alliances and if they do not respect the treaties, to force them to do so by open war, and to make peace or war; all this, of course, in accordance with the dignity of a great power and following the established methods of diplomacy.
Arriving in Canada in the spring of 1605 as representative of the King of France, Champlain's fault was to have risked endangering the future by taking sides with the Algonquins and the Hurons, who were then in open war with the Iroquois, this in order to secure its trading establishments. Instead of considering that the future peace of the colony depended on its neutrality, he went against the Iroquois with a few colonists and modern weapons