252- shot100
Silver-plated copper medal, one-sided, perforation at the top, France.
Silver-plated copper medal, one-sided, perforation at the top, France.
Around 1931.
Some traces of friction.
Engraver / Artist / Sculptor : Paul BOUVIER (1857-1940) after Antoine Louis MANCEAUX (1862-1939).
Dimensions : 81 mm by 66 mm.
Weight : 104 g.
Metal : silver-plated copper.
Hallmark on the edge (mark on the edge) : none .
Quick and neat delivery.
The stand is not for sale.
The support is not for sale.
___
If the motto of the French firefighters is “Courage and dedication”, that of the Paris firefighters is “Save or Perish”.
Certain bodies are placed under the patronage of Saint Barbara, whose feast of December 4 has been celebrated by most firefighters since the Third Republic2.
Origin and etymology
The word sapeur is derived from the verb saper which designates the action of bringing down a building from the base. In the Middle Ages, the majority of homes were made of wood, so flames could devastate entire towns. In the event of a fire, firefighters had no choice but to knock down neighboring buildings with an ax to prevent the fire from spreading3.
In the 18th century, the first fire hoses powered by pumps were developed at the same time as the structuring of firefighting services. It was then that the function of “pump guard”, commonly called “firefighter”4, became widespread.
The term “firefighter” appears for the first time in the imperial decree of September 18, 1811 which created the Paris Firefighter Battalion.
Chronology
French fire truck dating from 1907.
Fire management in the Middle Ages
Between the 6th century and the 16th century, night watches were organized by non-specialized bodies to provide fire service. This mission could be accomplished by residents, masons, carpenters, roofers, as well as certain religious orders such as the Capuchins5,6.
Although syringe systems for spraying water such as sanguettes were used as early as the 16th century, the most common means of firefighting were buckets of water, as well as undermining techniques to "make the "from the fire", that is to say, avoid its spread5,6.
Seventeenth century
At the end of the 17th century, the first fire pumps were introduced in France thanks to François Dumouriez du Perrier. In 1699, Louis XIV granted him the exclusive construction and supply5,6.
Eighteenth century
By a royal order of February 23, 1716, François Dumouriez du Perrier was appointed director of fire pumps, at the head of a body of around sixty fire guards equipped with a uniform and a flag, the "Gardes -Pumps". Although this service proved effective for several years, its organization disintegrated under the Revolution5,6.
XIXth century
The National Guard
Detailed article: French National Guard under the Revolution (1789-1799).
Founded in 1789 during the Revolution and placed under the authority of the communes in 1790, the national guard is an armed militia, made up of active citizens aged 20 to 607. Dissolved by Mars On this occasion, King Charles X carried out a census of the firefighters who were part of it; there are 55,000, including 45,000 equipped, but we do not know if this figure includes paid corps not belonging to the Guard8. Although the national guard was dissolved by the law of August 25, 1871, its article 1 provides for the maintenance of the fire brigade "until a public administration regulation has provided for the general organization of these corps »9. This organization of the fire brigade did not take place until 1875.
The Paris Fire Brigade
Detailed article: Paris fire brigade.
Following the fire of the Austrian embassy in Paris, Napoleon I created the Paris fire brigade battalion by imperial decree of September 18, 1811, from the fire brigade companies which had been created in 1716 . The creation of a military corps under the authority of the prefect of police aimed to guarantee the efficiency of the service and the loyalty of its agents6. In 1866, Emperor Napoleon III transformed the battalion by decree into a Paris fire brigade, a unit attached to the Infantry Directorate. This regiment became, by decree taken by General de Gaulle in 1967, a fire brigade, an engineering unit, whose budget is an annex to that of the Paris Police Prefecture.
The red border
Since the decision of the Minister of War on April 1, 1826, a red border has been added to the middle seam of the pants. This measure aimed to prevent firefighters, who then only had low incomes, from wearing the pants of their military uniform during their leave. Contrary to popular belief, piping has no link with the Legion of Honor10,11.
The organization of military communal bodies
Following the dissolution of the National Guard, the government aimed to organize a specialized service for firefighting and disaster rescue. In this context, the decree of September 29, 1875 created municipal fire brigades under the
Certain bodies are placed under the patronage of Saint Barbara, whose feast of December 4 has been celebrated by most firefighters since the Third Republic2.
Origin and etymology
The word sapeur is derived from the verb saper which designates the action of bringing down a building from the base. In the Middle Ages, the majority of homes were made of wood, so flames could devastate entire towns. In the event of a fire, firefighters had no choice but to knock down neighboring buildings with an ax to prevent the fire from spreading3.
In the 18th century, the first fire hoses powered by pumps were developed at the same time as the structuring of firefighting services. It was then that the function of “pump guard”, commonly called “firefighter”4, became widespread.
The term “firefighter” appears for the first time in the imperial decree of September 18, 1811 which created the Paris Firefighter Battalion.
Chronology
French fire truck dating from 1907.
Fire management in the Middle Ages
Between the 6th century and the 16th century, night watches were organized by non-specialized bodies to provide fire service. This mission could be accomplished by residents, masons, carpenters, roofers, as well as certain religious orders such as the Capuchins5,6.
Although syringe systems for spraying water such as sanguettes were used as early as the 16th century, the most common means of firefighting were buckets of water, as well as undermining techniques to "make the "from the fire", that is to say, avoid its spread5,6.
Seventeenth century
At the end of the 17th century, the first fire pumps were introduced in France thanks to François Dumouriez du Perrier. In 1699, Louis XIV granted him the exclusive construction and supply5,6.
Eighteenth century
By a royal order of February 23, 1716, François Dumouriez du Perrier was appointed director of fire pumps, at the head of a body of around sixty fire guards equipped with a uniform and a flag, the "Gardes -Pumps". Although this service proved effective for several years, its organization disintegrated under the Revolution5,6.
XIXth century
The National Guard
Detailed article: French National Guard under the Revolution (1789-1799).
Founded in 1789 during the Revolution and placed under the authority of the communes in 1790, the national guard is an armed militia, made up of active citizens aged 20 to 607. Dissolved by Mars On this occasion, King Charles X carried out a census of the firefighters who were part of it; there are 55,000, including 45,000 equipped, but we do not know if this figure includes paid corps not belonging to the Guard8. Although the national guard was dissolved by the law of August 25, 1871, its article 1 provides for the maintenance of the fire brigade "until a public administration regulation has provided for the general organization of these corps »9. This organization of the fire brigade did not take place until 1875.
The Paris Fire Brigade
Detailed article: Paris fire brigade.
Following the fire of the Austrian embassy in Paris, Napoleon I created the Paris fire brigade battalion by imperial decree of September 18, 1811, from the fire brigade companies which had been created in 1716 . The creation of a military corps under the authority of the prefect of police aimed to guarantee the efficiency of the service and the loyalty of its agents6. In 1866, Emperor Napoleon III transformed the battalion by decree into a Paris fire brigade, a unit attached to the Infantry Directorate. This regiment became, by decree taken by General de Gaulle in 1967, a fire brigade, an engineering unit, whose budget is an annex to that of the Paris Police Prefecture.
The red border
Since the decision of the Minister of War on April 1, 1826, a red border has been added to the middle seam of the pants. This measure aimed to prevent firefighters, who then only had low incomes, from wearing the pants of their military uniform during their leave. Contrary to popular belief, piping has no link with the Legion of Honor10,11.
The organization of military communal bodies
Following the dissolution of the National Guard, the government aimed to organize a specialized service for firefighting and disaster rescue. In this context, the decree of September 29, 1875 created municipal fire brigades under the
Helping people
Personal rescue demonstration.
Since the creation of municipal bodies, personal rescue missions have developed continuously. The appearance of the first Asphyxiated and Injured Rescue Vehicles (VSAB) in 1954, the required intervention of firefighters for all accidents on public roads (provided for by the circular from the Ministry of the Interior in 1962) and equipment of extrication in 19655 imply an ambulance-type specialization of firefighters in the care of victims.
Integration into the territorial civil service and departmentalization
It was during the 1980s and 1990s that the organization of fire and rescue services and fire brigades acquired their current form.
As agents of municipal and departmental bodies, firefighters are integrated into the territorial civil service by the law of January 26, 1984. Four decrees from 1990 establish their particular status and divide them into the three categories A, B and C of the civil service.
Since the laws of February 6, 199219 and May 3, 199620, firefighters are no longer managed by the municipalities, but by the departmental fire and rescue services (SDIS).
21st century
Modernization of the sector
To implement the departmentalization of fire and rescue services as well as changes in legislation on working hours, the status of firefighters was revised in 2001. The principle of this reform was in particular to improve the complementarity between professional firefighters and volunteer firefighters in order to improve the operational response of the SDIS.
Faced with the resurgence of the terrorist threat and crises such as the storm of 1999, the law of August 13, 2004 initiated a dynamic of modernization of civil security and the organization of fire and rescue services21.
This modernization effort continued through the 2012 sector reform. Its main objectives were to improve the consistency of the careers of professional firefighters as well as the adequacy between the operational needs of the SDIS and the training of agents. For this, a table setting out the jobs that firefighters can occupy according to their rank has been established22.
Personal rescue demonstration.
Since the creation of municipal bodies, personal rescue missions have developed continuously. The appearance of the first Asphyxiated and Injured Rescue Vehicles (VSAB) in 1954, the required intervention of firefighters for all accidents on public roads (provided for by the circular from the Ministry of the Interior in 1962) and equipment of extrication in 19655 imply an ambulance-type specialization of firefighters in the care of victims.
Integration into the territorial civil service and departmentalization
It was during the 1980s and 1990s that the organization of fire and rescue services and fire brigades acquired their current form.
As agents of municipal and departmental bodies, firefighters are integrated into the territorial civil service by the law of January 26, 1984. Four decrees from 1990 establish their particular status and divide them into the three categories A, B and C of the civil service.
Since the laws of February 6, 199219 and May 3, 199620, firefighters are no longer managed by the municipalities, but by the departmental fire and rescue services (SDIS).
21st century
Modernization of the sector
To implement the departmentalization of fire and rescue services as well as changes in legislation on working hours, the status of firefighters was revised in 2001. The principle of this reform was in particular to improve the complementarity between professional firefighters and volunteer firefighters in order to improve the operational response of the SDIS.
Faced with the resurgence of the terrorist threat and crises such as the storm of 1999, the law of August 13, 2004 initiated a dynamic of modernization of civil security and the organization of fire and rescue services21.
This modernization effort continued through the 2012 sector reform. Its main objectives were to improve the consistency of the careers of professional firefighters as well as the adequacy between the operational needs of the SDIS and the training of agents. For this, a table setting out the jobs that firefighters can occupy according to their rank has been established22.