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shot 17_264
shot 17_264
Bronze medal from the Paris Mint (cornucopia hallmark from 1880).
Medal struck in 1982.
Some minimal traces of handling.
Engraver/artist : Georges CROUZAT (1904-1976) .
Dimension : 68mm.
Weight : 154 g.
Metal : bronze .
Hallmark on the edge (mark on the edge) : cornucopia + bronze + 1982.
Quick and neat delivery .
The support is not for sale.
The stand is not for sale.
The Nice Carnival is the largest carnival in France and one of the most famous in the world. It takes place every winter in Nice, in February for two weeks including three weekends, and attracts several hundred thousand spectators. The carnival is one of the three largest carnivals in the world, after those in Rio, Venice and New Orleans1.
Origin
The word “carnival” reveals its meaning through two etymological avenues. The most common is: carne levare levamen (“remove the flesh”). This is directly related to Catholicism and the period when we celebrate one last time before the forty days of Lent at Easter. The other definition is, for its part, pagan: carrus navalis (“naval chariot”) specific to the boats on which Dionysus, god from the sea, entered the Greek islands. The latter is the oldest, because the carnival, taking place in winter, was ritualized to bring back spring and therefore the new year. Primitive men adorned themselves with animal skins, which explains the numerous costumes of animals, plants, fruits, vegetables and others related to nature, still present today.
History
The carnival parade
The first writing relating it dates from 1294 by the Count of Provence, Charles II Duke of Anjou who "comes to spend the carnival celebrations in his good town of Nice". In the 14th and 15th centuries, carnival was above all a popular festival. During the Renaissance, the great balls and carnival masquerades were held in the narrow streets of the city, while in the 18th century, the influence of the Venetian carnival favored masked balls.
In the second half of the 19th century, Nice became the “winter resort capital”. The carnival parade takes place mainly on “le Cours”, a mecca of social life. In 1871, the Parisian chaos caused by the Commune frightened the rich wintering members of the nobility. In order to promote the city of Nice and show the serenity that reigns there, a festival committee was created in 1873. He made the carnival a real spectacle, then organized float parades, masquerades and cavalcades for Mardi Gras. Two great artists from Nice, Alexis Mossa and his son Gustav-Adolf Mossa, were in turn or together “Ymagiers du Roy”. They are the true spiritual fathers of His Majesty Carnival and his Court. Alexis Mossa created the first carnival albums that would serve as a model for the New Orleans carnival. He created the first float for His Majesty Carnaval in 1882 and added Madame Carnaval to it in 1893. The symbolist influence of Gustav-Adolf Mossa emerges and inspires him with characters from Greco-Latin and popular cultures who depict, according to his fantasy, local or international events. Playwright and scenographer of a universe that is both satirical and marvelous, of great richness and variety, he gives carnival art its letters of nobility and makes Nice a major city in the world of celebration.
On February 14, 1882, the traditional straw and rag puppet which remained motionless on the Place de la Préfecture was transformed into a royal puppet parading like its counterparts. In 1892, the modern paper confetti, which had been thrown the previous year at the Paris carnival, appeared for the first time in Nice, under the name “Paris confetti”. Until 1892, only plaster confetti, also called “Italian confetti”, had been used at the Nice carnival. Used alongside paper confetti, it was finally banned in Nice in 1955.
At Mid-Lent in Paris on Mars 14, 1912, a procession made up of groups and floats from the Nice Carnival paraded in the capital at the same time as two other carnival processions 2. Le Petit Journal wanted to mark its half-century of existence by inviting the Nice Carnival to Paris. Five floats from Nice are there: SM Carnaval XXXX, the Rascasse, the Carnaval, the Guardians of the Louvre and the Costly Life3. The Louvre Guardians' float refers to the famous theft of the Mona Lisa, which took place the year before. The chariot is pulled by a cardboard donkey wearing the famous tiara of Saïtapharnès, a fake purchased as authentic by the Louvre in 18964.
Carnival has not escaped the events of history. The First and Second World Wars obviously played spoilsport by preventing the king from leaving. In 1914 and 1939, the carnivals with the theme “Perseus on Pegasus” and “King of Joy and Laughter” took place normally, while in 1915 and 1940, the carnival was canceled. The theme then revealed a curious irony by being respectively “King of Fools” and “Sire of Madness”. This premonition came true again in 1991 by announcing a king who never came out, another “King of Fools” and this because of the risks of attacks due to the Gulf War.
The corso of 1887 told by L
Origin
The word “carnival” reveals its meaning through two etymological avenues. The most common is: carne levare levamen (“remove the flesh”). This is directly related to Catholicism and the period when we celebrate one last time before the forty days of Lent at Easter. The other definition is, for its part, pagan: carrus navalis (“naval chariot”) specific to the boats on which Dionysus, god from the sea, entered the Greek islands. The latter is the oldest, because the carnival, taking place in winter, was ritualized to bring back spring and therefore the new year. Primitive men adorned themselves with animal skins, which explains the numerous costumes of animals, plants, fruits, vegetables and others related to nature, still present today.
History
The carnival parade
The first writing relating it dates from 1294 by the Count of Provence, Charles II Duke of Anjou who "comes to spend the carnival celebrations in his good town of Nice". In the 14th and 15th centuries, carnival was above all a popular festival. During the Renaissance, the great balls and carnival masquerades were held in the narrow streets of the city, while in the 18th century, the influence of the Venetian carnival favored masked balls.
In the second half of the 19th century, Nice became the “winter resort capital”. The carnival parade takes place mainly on “le Cours”, a mecca of social life. In 1871, the Parisian chaos caused by the Commune frightened the rich wintering members of the nobility. In order to promote the city of Nice and show the serenity that reigns there, a festival committee was created in 1873. He made the carnival a real spectacle, then organized float parades, masquerades and cavalcades for Mardi Gras. Two great artists from Nice, Alexis Mossa and his son Gustav-Adolf Mossa, were in turn or together “Ymagiers du Roy”. They are the true spiritual fathers of His Majesty Carnival and his Court. Alexis Mossa created the first carnival albums that would serve as a model for the New Orleans carnival. He created the first float for His Majesty Carnaval in 1882 and added Madame Carnaval to it in 1893. The symbolist influence of Gustav-Adolf Mossa emerges and inspires him with characters from Greco-Latin and popular cultures who depict, according to his fantasy, local or international events. Playwright and scenographer of a universe that is both satirical and marvelous, of great richness and variety, he gives carnival art its letters of nobility and makes Nice a major city in the world of celebration.
On February 14, 1882, the traditional straw and rag puppet which remained motionless on the Place de la Préfecture was transformed into a royal puppet parading like its counterparts. In 1892, the modern paper confetti, which had been thrown the previous year at the Paris carnival, appeared for the first time in Nice, under the name “Paris confetti”. Until 1892, only plaster confetti, also called “Italian confetti”, had been used at the Nice carnival. Used alongside paper confetti, it was finally banned in Nice in 1955.
At Mid-Lent in Paris on Mars 14, 1912, a procession made up of groups and floats from the Nice Carnival paraded in the capital at the same time as two other carnival processions 2. Le Petit Journal wanted to mark its half-century of existence by inviting the Nice Carnival to Paris. Five floats from Nice are there: SM Carnaval XXXX, the Rascasse, the Carnaval, the Guardians of the Louvre and the Costly Life3. The Louvre Guardians' float refers to the famous theft of the Mona Lisa, which took place the year before. The chariot is pulled by a cardboard donkey wearing the famous tiara of Saïtapharnès, a fake purchased as authentic by the Louvre in 18964.
Carnival has not escaped the events of history. The First and Second World Wars obviously played spoilsport by preventing the king from leaving. In 1914 and 1939, the carnivals with the theme “Perseus on Pegasus” and “King of Joy and Laughter” took place normally, while in 1915 and 1940, the carnival was canceled. The theme then revealed a curious irony by being respectively “King of Fools” and “Sire of Madness”. This premonition came true again in 1991 by announcing a king who never came out, another “King of Fools” and this because of the risks of attacks due to the Gulf War.
The corso of 1887 told by L
From 2005 to 2008, all the demonstrations took place on the Promenade des Anglais due to the work and the passage of the tramway. This change of millennium has also led to an improvement in tanks which now includes new technologies and materials as well as the collaboration of sculptors. In 2007, new features include free walks, the creation of a fun entertainment area in the Albert I garden (tightrope walkers, makeup artists and kite flyers), as well as the presence of 160 carnival performers who play the troublemakers of the party. In 2009, the carnival returned to Place Masséna5. A giant screen and the traditional stands were installed for the occasion on the square5.
The battle of flowers
A battle of flowers float in 2009
Alphonse Karr instigated the first flower battle in 1876. This French writer of German origin, passionate about flowers and living in Nice, wanted a show where people could throw fragrant bouquets in each other's faces. Thus in 1876, Andriot Saëtone created the first flower battle on the Promenade des Anglais.
The flower fight takes place during the carnival period. It complements the caricatures and other grotesque figures of the corsi and takes the form of a parade of twenty flower floats where young women and now young men throw flowers at the spectators. Musical or street art troupes, from the four corners of the world, take place between the floats as for the carnival corso.
During these battles, 90% of the flowers thrown, such as mimosa, lilies or daisies, grew on the hills of the region. In the fall, local producers plant the varieties that will constitute the plant decoration of the float, the result of collaboration with florists. Between forty and fifty hours of work per tank is necessary. This work is all the more difficult as the stitching is done at the last moment to guarantee the freshness of the flowers. Nowadays, the battle between spectators no longer takes place, it has become a throwing of around 100,000 flower floats to the public, in order to highlight the beauty of the costumes and flower floats.
Since 2005, the theme of flower battles has been combined with that of carnival corsi. One or more visual artists are then responsible for the visual identity of the tanks. The actual production is carried out by the “Friendship of florists carrying out flower battles in the city of Nice”. The costumes are made in a creation workshop specially dedicated to flower battles.
Gastronomy
Ganses and chard pie are the two culinary specialties of Nice specific to Carnival.6
Key dates
1294: First mention of Carnival by Charles of Anjou, Count of Provence.
1830: first procession in honor of the sovereigns of Piedmont Sardinia and in the presence of Charles-Félix of Savoy.
1873: creation of the festival committee and the 1st Carnival corso.
1876: creation of the first battle of flowers.
1889: first advertising poster for the Nice Carnival.
1892: appearance of plaster confetti.
1903: 1st official Carnival song.
1921: 1st electric lighting.
1940: the corso is canceled due to world conflict.
1946: return of Her Majesty for a single corso.
1953: His Majesty's logia is installed at the crossroads of the Felix Faure and Verdun axes.
1955: last plaster confetti battles.
1961: last official carnival song.
1964: 1st tank mechanizations.
1966: the loggia is placed in front of the Fountain of the Sun.
1967: His Majesty's chariot was set on fire at Place Masséna.
1969: Unique fact in the carnival annals: due to continued bad weather, His Majesty will not be cremated.
1971: death of Gustav-Adolf Mossa, official Ymagier of the Nice carnival.
1972: first Carnival of Damien Lafranchi as the new Ymagier of the carnival.
1974: due to road problems, the route of the corso disappears for two years for an axis avenue Félix-Faure, place Masséna, avenue de Verdun.
1976: Carnival returns to its usual axis, avenue Jean-Médecin, place Masséna.
1977: Due to a reduction in the budget of the Festival Committee, the central motif which adorned the two arcades at the entrance to Place Masséna was definitively removed.
1981: for the first time, 2 loggias are present on Place Masséna: the first, sheltering Her Majesty, is located at the tribune of the newly built Masséna forum; the second, welcoming Madame Carnaval, is placed in the gallery of the Albert I gardens.
1982: last calvalcades.
1984: Carnival celebrates its hundred years of reign. Jean Oltra becomes director of the festival committee.
1989: Her Majesty's loggia returns to its initial location in 1964, that is to say on Place Masséna, between Avenue FélixThe themes
Each year a new title is chosen for His Majesty, King of Carnival, which becomes the theme of the event and the inspiration for the Ymagiers.
1882: Triboulet
1883: Nice
1884/85: Punchinello
1886/87: No Royal tank
1888: Punchinello
1889: Yachtsman
1890: Cyclist
1891: Nice
1892: Raja
1893: Wedding of Carnival and Madame
1894: Triboulet
1895: Mikado
1896: Toreador
1897: Nice, Abat-Mage
1898: Worldly
1899: Renaissance Rider
1900: The Dandy
1901: Charlatan Male Orchestra
1902: Aeronaut
1903: Renaissance Rider
1904: Emperor of the Orient-Sahara
1905: Buffalo Bill
1906: Harlequin Sun
1907: Driver-Seducer
1908: Diplomat
1909: Nice, Abat-Mage
1910: Carnival at the Conquest of the Pole
The battle of flowers
A battle of flowers float in 2009
Alphonse Karr instigated the first flower battle in 1876. This French writer of German origin, passionate about flowers and living in Nice, wanted a show where people could throw fragrant bouquets in each other's faces. Thus in 1876, Andriot Saëtone created the first flower battle on the Promenade des Anglais.
The flower fight takes place during the carnival period. It complements the caricatures and other grotesque figures of the corsi and takes the form of a parade of twenty flower floats where young women and now young men throw flowers at the spectators. Musical or street art troupes, from the four corners of the world, take place between the floats as for the carnival corso.
During these battles, 90% of the flowers thrown, such as mimosa, lilies or daisies, grew on the hills of the region. In the fall, local producers plant the varieties that will constitute the plant decoration of the float, the result of collaboration with florists. Between forty and fifty hours of work per tank is necessary. This work is all the more difficult as the stitching is done at the last moment to guarantee the freshness of the flowers. Nowadays, the battle between spectators no longer takes place, it has become a throwing of around 100,000 flower floats to the public, in order to highlight the beauty of the costumes and flower floats.
Since 2005, the theme of flower battles has been combined with that of carnival corsi. One or more visual artists are then responsible for the visual identity of the tanks. The actual production is carried out by the “Friendship of florists carrying out flower battles in the city of Nice”. The costumes are made in a creation workshop specially dedicated to flower battles.
Gastronomy
Ganses and chard pie are the two culinary specialties of Nice specific to Carnival.6
Key dates
1294: First mention of Carnival by Charles of Anjou, Count of Provence.
1830: first procession in honor of the sovereigns of Piedmont Sardinia and in the presence of Charles-Félix of Savoy.
1873: creation of the festival committee and the 1st Carnival corso.
1876: creation of the first battle of flowers.
1889: first advertising poster for the Nice Carnival.
1892: appearance of plaster confetti.
1903: 1st official Carnival song.
1921: 1st electric lighting.
1940: the corso is canceled due to world conflict.
1946: return of Her Majesty for a single corso.
1953: His Majesty's logia is installed at the crossroads of the Felix Faure and Verdun axes.
1955: last plaster confetti battles.
1961: last official carnival song.
1964: 1st tank mechanizations.
1966: the loggia is placed in front of the Fountain of the Sun.
1967: His Majesty's chariot was set on fire at Place Masséna.
1969: Unique fact in the carnival annals: due to continued bad weather, His Majesty will not be cremated.
1971: death of Gustav-Adolf Mossa, official Ymagier of the Nice carnival.
1972: first Carnival of Damien Lafranchi as the new Ymagier of the carnival.
1974: due to road problems, the route of the corso disappears for two years for an axis avenue Félix-Faure, place Masséna, avenue de Verdun.
1976: Carnival returns to its usual axis, avenue Jean-Médecin, place Masséna.
1977: Due to a reduction in the budget of the Festival Committee, the central motif which adorned the two arcades at the entrance to Place Masséna was definitively removed.
1981: for the first time, 2 loggias are present on Place Masséna: the first, sheltering Her Majesty, is located at the tribune of the newly built Masséna forum; the second, welcoming Madame Carnaval, is placed in the gallery of the Albert I gardens.
1982: last calvalcades.
1984: Carnival celebrates its hundred years of reign. Jean Oltra becomes director of the festival committee.
1989: Her Majesty's loggia returns to its initial location in 1964, that is to say on Place Masséna, between Avenue FélixThe themes
Each year a new title is chosen for His Majesty, King of Carnival, which becomes the theme of the event and the inspiration for the Ymagiers.
1882: Triboulet
1883: Nice
1884/85: Punchinello
1886/87: No Royal tank
1888: Punchinello
1889: Yachtsman
1890: Cyclist
1891: Nice
1892: Raja
1893: Wedding of Carnival and Madame
1894: Triboulet
1895: Mikado
1896: Toreador
1897: Nice, Abat-Mage
1898: Worldly
1899: Renaissance Rider
1900: The Dandy
1901: Charlatan Male Orchestra
1902: Aeronaut
1903: Renaissance Rider
1904: Emperor of the Orient-Sahara
1905: Buffalo Bill
1906: Harlequin Sun
1907: Driver-Seducer
1908: Diplomat
1909: Nice, Abat-Mage
1910: Carnival at the Conquest of the Pole