237-tir95
Bronze medal from the Paris Mint (Horn hallmark from 1880).
Minted around 1960.
Bronze medal from the Paris Mint (Horn hallmark from 1880).
Minted around 1960.
Obverse with shiny patina, reverse with matte patina.
Some traces of handling.
Engraver : E Fox.
Dimension : 68mm.
Weight : 167 g.
Metal : Bronze.
Hallmark on the edge (mark on the edge) : Cornucopia + bronze.
Quick and neat delivery.
Dimension : 68mm.
Weight : 167 g.
Metal : Bronze.
Hallmark on the edge (mark on the edge) : Cornucopia + bronze.
Quick and neat delivery.
The support is not for sale.
The stand is not for sale.
The stand is not for sale.
André Marie de Chénier, known as André Chénier, son of Louis de Chénier and brother of Marie-Joseph Chénier, is a French poet and journalist born October 30, 1762 in Constantinople and died guillotined in Paris on Thermidor 7 of the year II (25 July 1794) at age 31.
His poetry includes rewritings of ancient poems, personal elegies, philosophical poems and political poems marked by the revolutionary context. The unfinished work of this young 18th century poet, published gradually from 1819, made him a major figure in Hellenism in France1 and an inspiration for romanticism.
During the revolutionary period, he entered into political controversies. Heir to the Enlightenment, he was a member of the constitutional party, admired the Revolution of 1789 but took a violent stand against Jacobinism led by Robespierre, while despising the royalists.
Biography
Childhood and adolescence
André Chénier was born in Galata, a district of Constantinople (today Istanbul in Turkey), to a Greek mother (Elisabeth Lhomaca)2,3 and a French merchant, Louis de Chénier. The family returned to France in 1765, but the father soon left alone to be consul in Morocco4 (city of Safi). André was raised by his aunt Marie and her husband, André Béraut, in Carcassonne5,6,7 He was admitted in 1773 to the Collège de Navarre, which was open to new ideas: history and geography were inspired by Voltaire's Essay on Morals, the philosophy inspired by the sensualism of Condillac8. There he became involved with the sons of great families, notably Charles and Michel de Trudaine, as well as Louis and François de Pange, thanks to whom he was then able to frequent literary and aristocratic circles; several of his poems are dedicated to these friends. The Trudaines and the Panges are also close to Turgot, the Enlightenment and the encyclopedists. All these friends have Condorcet as their mentor9.
Élisabeth Santi-Lomaca-Chénier
Élisabeth Santi-Lomaca-Chénier
The Chénier family in 1783 in Paris
The Chénier family in 1783 in Paris
André in 1773 (11 years old)[10] Museum of Fine Arts of Carcassonne
André in 1773 (11 years old)10
Museum of Fine Arts of Carcassonne
Information Click on a thumbnail to enlarge it.
Poetic activities
To tear him away from an unhappy love for an Opera singer (his Lycoris), he was given an internship as a cadet in Strasbourg in 1782; but his military career as a commoner ended. Shifting all his ambition towards poetry, although without publishing, he conceived major projects, with the hope of becoming “the Homer of the moderns”2. However, after a trip to Switzerland in 1784, he mainly composed Elegies and Bucoliques, where the imitation of antique models11 served the aesthetic expression of an inspiration oriented by his passion for the socialite Michelle Guesnon de Bonneuil (called D' Azan or Camille), then by his romantic friendship for the Italian-English painter Maria Cosway née Hadfield, wife of Richard Cosway, courted by the American ambassador Thomas Jefferson.
From February 1787, upon returning from a quick and mysterious trip to Italy, he occupied himself more actively with philosophical and satirical poems which bear the mark of the ideological and political climate of the pre-revolutionary era; but his precarious situation forced him to contain his combativeness. Hired as private ambassador to the Marquis de la Luzerne, French ambassador to England, he left on December 1, 1787 in the company of Maria Cosway, who was returning to London, where he remained in service until 1790, while having every summer of a holiday in Paris.
Journalism
He contributed to the Journal de la Société in 1789 which had around fifteen issues2. From 1791, he collaborated, like Michel Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély and François de Pange, at the Journal de Paris, organ of the constitutional party, where he condemned the Terror of the Revolution in critical articles against Jacques Pierre Brissot, and others more vehement against the Jacobins, notably Robespierre and Marat2. Worried about his public positions, he managed to leave Paris after August 10, 1792, leaving the Sentier district, where he resided with his parents. At the time of the September massacres, he went to Rouen, then to Le Havre, from where he could have embarked. He nevertheless refused to emigrate and returned to Paris, in order to participate in the attempts made to rescue Louis XVI from the scaffold. He retreated in the spring of 1793 to Versailles, from where he often went to Louveciennes where the property of his friends Lecouteulx2 was located. Discreetly in love with Françoise Lecouteulx, he composed for her the melancholy series of Odes to Fanny12.
Arrest and conviction
Appeal from the last victims of terror in Saint-Lazare prison. 7-9 Thermidor 1794 by Charles Müller.
André Chénier was arrested in Passy (on current rue Bois-Le-Vent13) on March 7
His poetry includes rewritings of ancient poems, personal elegies, philosophical poems and political poems marked by the revolutionary context. The unfinished work of this young 18th century poet, published gradually from 1819, made him a major figure in Hellenism in France1 and an inspiration for romanticism.
During the revolutionary period, he entered into political controversies. Heir to the Enlightenment, he was a member of the constitutional party, admired the Revolution of 1789 but took a violent stand against Jacobinism led by Robespierre, while despising the royalists.
Biography
Childhood and adolescence
André Chénier was born in Galata, a district of Constantinople (today Istanbul in Turkey), to a Greek mother (Elisabeth Lhomaca)2,3 and a French merchant, Louis de Chénier. The family returned to France in 1765, but the father soon left alone to be consul in Morocco4 (city of Safi). André was raised by his aunt Marie and her husband, André Béraut, in Carcassonne5,6,7 He was admitted in 1773 to the Collège de Navarre, which was open to new ideas: history and geography were inspired by Voltaire's Essay on Morals, the philosophy inspired by the sensualism of Condillac8. There he became involved with the sons of great families, notably Charles and Michel de Trudaine, as well as Louis and François de Pange, thanks to whom he was then able to frequent literary and aristocratic circles; several of his poems are dedicated to these friends. The Trudaines and the Panges are also close to Turgot, the Enlightenment and the encyclopedists. All these friends have Condorcet as their mentor9.
Élisabeth Santi-Lomaca-Chénier
Élisabeth Santi-Lomaca-Chénier
The Chénier family in 1783 in Paris
The Chénier family in 1783 in Paris
André in 1773 (11 years old)[10] Museum of Fine Arts of Carcassonne
André in 1773 (11 years old)10
Museum of Fine Arts of Carcassonne
Information Click on a thumbnail to enlarge it.
Poetic activities
To tear him away from an unhappy love for an Opera singer (his Lycoris), he was given an internship as a cadet in Strasbourg in 1782; but his military career as a commoner ended. Shifting all his ambition towards poetry, although without publishing, he conceived major projects, with the hope of becoming “the Homer of the moderns”2. However, after a trip to Switzerland in 1784, he mainly composed Elegies and Bucoliques, where the imitation of antique models11 served the aesthetic expression of an inspiration oriented by his passion for the socialite Michelle Guesnon de Bonneuil (called D' Azan or Camille), then by his romantic friendship for the Italian-English painter Maria Cosway née Hadfield, wife of Richard Cosway, courted by the American ambassador Thomas Jefferson.
From February 1787, upon returning from a quick and mysterious trip to Italy, he occupied himself more actively with philosophical and satirical poems which bear the mark of the ideological and political climate of the pre-revolutionary era; but his precarious situation forced him to contain his combativeness. Hired as private ambassador to the Marquis de la Luzerne, French ambassador to England, he left on December 1, 1787 in the company of Maria Cosway, who was returning to London, where he remained in service until 1790, while having every summer of a holiday in Paris.
Journalism
He contributed to the Journal de la Société in 1789 which had around fifteen issues2. From 1791, he collaborated, like Michel Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély and François de Pange, at the Journal de Paris, organ of the constitutional party, where he condemned the Terror of the Revolution in critical articles against Jacques Pierre Brissot, and others more vehement against the Jacobins, notably Robespierre and Marat2. Worried about his public positions, he managed to leave Paris after August 10, 1792, leaving the Sentier district, where he resided with his parents. At the time of the September massacres, he went to Rouen, then to Le Havre, from where he could have embarked. He nevertheless refused to emigrate and returned to Paris, in order to participate in the attempts made to rescue Louis XVI from the scaffold. He retreated in the spring of 1793 to Versailles, from where he often went to Louveciennes where the property of his friends Lecouteulx2 was located. Discreetly in love with Françoise Lecouteulx, he composed for her the melancholy series of Odes to Fanny12.
Arrest and conviction
Appeal from the last victims of terror in Saint-Lazare prison. 7-9 Thermidor 1794 by Charles Müller.
André Chénier was arrested in Passy (on current rue Bois-Le-Vent13) on March 7
Arrest and conviction
Appeal from the last victims of terror in Saint-Lazare prison. 7-9 Thermidor 1794 by Charles Müller.
André Chénier was arrested in Passy (on current rue Bois-Le-Vent13) on Mars 7, 1794 while visiting his friend, Adélaïde Piscatory, Marquise de Pastoret. Coming from Versailles, he is accompanied by Émilie-Lucrèce d'Estat who, like him, participated in the buying of Convention votes during the trial of Louis XVI. Miss d'Estat, mistress then wife of José Ocariz, the former charge d'affaires with the rank of Spanish ambassador in Paris before the declaration of war, who supervised this vast corruption operationNote 1, kept papers relating to this affair. This very important file that André Chénier had in his hands is actively being sought by the Year II committees.
Knowing that Mlle d'Estat, whose brother and sister have just been guillotined, is herself in great danger, Chénier courageously puts himself forward, creating a kind of confusion on the occasion of which Mlle d'Estat can slip away while he is taken to Saint-Lazare prison. Involved in a case which allowed suspects to be executed without hearing them, he was sentenced to death by the Revolutionary Tribunal, for having “concealed the papers of the Spanish ambassador”. He is also accused as a “former chief adjutant and brigade leader” under the orders of Charles François Dumouriez of having written “a memoir against inhabitants of the commune of Breteuil” when in reality, it is his brother “Savior” Chénier who is the author and who is himself imprisoned in Beauvais14.
Like Jean-Baptiste Coffinhal who addressed Antoine Lavoisier during his trial: “The Republic does not need scientists or chemists”15, Fouquier-Tinville addressed André Chénier with the following sentence: “The Republic does not need a poet” [ref. desired].
André Chénier was guillotined on 7 Thermidor, with the poet Jean-Antoine Roucher and Frédéric de Trenck, two days before Robespierre's arrest. The day before his death, he wrote the ode La Jeune captive, a poem which evokes the figure of his muse, Aimée de Coigny.
Addressing Jean Antoine Roucher, his last words16 spoken before mounting the scaffold were: “I have done nothing for posterity”, adding, pointing to his head: “However, I had something there! » or “It’s a shame, there was something there!” »Note 2. His body, among one thousand three hundred other victims of the Terror and the guillotine, was thrown into the Place de la Nation, in a common grave in the convent of the Canonesses, which later became the Picpus cemetery in Paris17.
He is also known for the following anecdote: waiting for his turn in front of the scaffold, he read a play by Sophocles. When the executioner calls him to tie his hands, Chénier puts his book back in his pocket, not without having dog-eared pages 18, 19.
His younger brother, Marie-Joseph Chénier, writer and playwright, also led a political career. After André's death, the Royalists engaged in a violent defamatory campaign against Marie-Joseph, calling him a Cain and falsely accusing him, to discredit the Republicans, of having allowed his brother to be executed.
Artworks inspired by his poems and life
Portrait of the poet André Chénier (1762-1794)
Horace Vernet, 1825
Private collection20
Bust of André Chénier by the sculptor David d'Angers (1839).
He is, with Chatterton and Gilbert, one of the three “cursed” authors presented by Doctor Noir in Alfred de Vigny's Stello.
To André Chénier by Victor Hugo, poem from book I of Les Contemplations, 1856.
The Young Tarentine by Alexandre Schoenewerk, marble sculpture, 1871, 171 cm x 74 cm x 68 cm. Coll. Orsay Museum, Paris (France).
The Muse of André Chenier by the sculptor Denys Puech.
His destiny inspired the verismo opera by Umberto Giordano with a libretto by Luigi Illica, Andrea Chénier, which premiered at La Scala in Milan on Mars 28, 1896.
Alfred Bruneau has co
Appeal from the last victims of terror in Saint-Lazare prison. 7-9 Thermidor 1794 by Charles Müller.
André Chénier was arrested in Passy (on current rue Bois-Le-Vent13) on Mars 7, 1794 while visiting his friend, Adélaïde Piscatory, Marquise de Pastoret. Coming from Versailles, he is accompanied by Émilie-Lucrèce d'Estat who, like him, participated in the buying of Convention votes during the trial of Louis XVI. Miss d'Estat, mistress then wife of José Ocariz, the former charge d'affaires with the rank of Spanish ambassador in Paris before the declaration of war, who supervised this vast corruption operationNote 1, kept papers relating to this affair. This very important file that André Chénier had in his hands is actively being sought by the Year II committees.
Knowing that Mlle d'Estat, whose brother and sister have just been guillotined, is herself in great danger, Chénier courageously puts himself forward, creating a kind of confusion on the occasion of which Mlle d'Estat can slip away while he is taken to Saint-Lazare prison. Involved in a case which allowed suspects to be executed without hearing them, he was sentenced to death by the Revolutionary Tribunal, for having “concealed the papers of the Spanish ambassador”. He is also accused as a “former chief adjutant and brigade leader” under the orders of Charles François Dumouriez of having written “a memoir against inhabitants of the commune of Breteuil” when in reality, it is his brother “Savior” Chénier who is the author and who is himself imprisoned in Beauvais14.
Like Jean-Baptiste Coffinhal who addressed Antoine Lavoisier during his trial: “The Republic does not need scientists or chemists”15, Fouquier-Tinville addressed André Chénier with the following sentence: “The Republic does not need a poet” [ref. desired].
André Chénier was guillotined on 7 Thermidor, with the poet Jean-Antoine Roucher and Frédéric de Trenck, two days before Robespierre's arrest. The day before his death, he wrote the ode La Jeune captive, a poem which evokes the figure of his muse, Aimée de Coigny.
Addressing Jean Antoine Roucher, his last words16 spoken before mounting the scaffold were: “I have done nothing for posterity”, adding, pointing to his head: “However, I had something there! » or “It’s a shame, there was something there!” »Note 2. His body, among one thousand three hundred other victims of the Terror and the guillotine, was thrown into the Place de la Nation, in a common grave in the convent of the Canonesses, which later became the Picpus cemetery in Paris17.
He is also known for the following anecdote: waiting for his turn in front of the scaffold, he read a play by Sophocles. When the executioner calls him to tie his hands, Chénier puts his book back in his pocket, not without having dog-eared pages 18, 19.
His younger brother, Marie-Joseph Chénier, writer and playwright, also led a political career. After André's death, the Royalists engaged in a violent defamatory campaign against Marie-Joseph, calling him a Cain and falsely accusing him, to discredit the Republicans, of having allowed his brother to be executed.
Artworks inspired by his poems and life
Portrait of the poet André Chénier (1762-1794)
Horace Vernet, 1825
Private collection20
Bust of André Chénier by the sculptor David d'Angers (1839).
He is, with Chatterton and Gilbert, one of the three “cursed” authors presented by Doctor Noir in Alfred de Vigny's Stello.
To André Chénier by Victor Hugo, poem from book I of Les Contemplations, 1856.
The Young Tarentine by Alexandre Schoenewerk, marble sculpture, 1871, 171 cm x 74 cm x 68 cm. Coll. Orsay Museum, Paris (France).
The Muse of André Chenier by the sculptor Denys Puech.
His destiny inspired the verismo opera by Umberto Giordano with a libretto by Luigi Illica, Andrea Chénier, which premiered at La Scala in Milan on Mars 28, 1896.
Alfred Bruneau has co