Medal Corsica Womens Corse Isle Eagle And Head of Moorish 81mm 301g Black &
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Bronze medal, from the Paris Mint ("Horn" hallmark, cornucopia since 1881).
Bronze medal, from the Paris Mint ("Horn" hallmark, cornucopia since 1881).
Minted around 1978.
Some minimal defects, beautiful black and copper patina.
Copy in its box (the box shows some wear).
Artist, engraver, sculptor: Colette Rodenfuser (1923-?) .
Dimensions : 81mm.
Weight : 302 g.
Metal : bronze .
Hallmark on the edge (mark on the edge) : cornucopia + bronze.
Quick and neat delivery.
The stand is not for sale.
The support is not for sale.
Weight : 302 g.
Metal : bronze .
Hallmark on the edge (mark on the edge) : cornucopia + bronze.
Quick and neat delivery.
The stand is not for sale.
The support is not for sale.
In 660 BC. BC, the Etruscans, settled in Tuscany in -780, traded with the Vanacini, a people from Cape Corsica who worked iron and cultivated vines and wheat. Nearly fifty years later, in 616 BC. BC, the Carthaginians set up counters in Corsica, trading with Cagnano. In 565 BC. BC, it was the turn of the Phocaeans to establish themselves by founding Alalia, the city of salt (current Aléria). Thirty years later, in 535 BC. BC, the Etruscans of Tuscany allied with the Carthaginians chased the Phocians from Corsica after a long naval battle where the Phocians lost around sixty of their ships. This battle marks the collapse of the Phocaean thalassocracy. The Corsicans use the alphabet they bring.
In the 5th century BC. BC, the Greeks settle in Corsica
In 453 BC. BC, the Syracusans of Sicily led by Gélon chased out the Etruscans. Apelles, admiral of Syracuse, founded Syracusenus Portus (current Porto-Vecchio). In 384 BC. AD, Dionysius (Dionysus) I, tyrant of Syracuse and successor of Gelon, decides to annihilate Punic pretensions throughout the Tyrrhenian Sea. For this he occupied the small islands, the strong points of the eastern coast and made Syracusenus Portus an advanced base which he used to monitor the surrounding regions. A century later (280 BC). BC), the Carthaginians, supported by Torrean mercenaries already serving in the ranks of the army since the 5th century BC. BC, drive out the Syracusans.
In the 3rd century BC. BC, the Romans conquer Corsica
In 259 BC. BC, following a decision taken five years earlier at the start of the first Punic war, the Romans undertook the conquest of Corsica. At the head of a large fleet, Lucius Cornelius Scipio, surprises Alalia at night. At the time, it seems that the city was free, populated by both Etruscans and Carthaginians. Scipio burns it and renames it Aleria.
In 238 BC. BC, during a second Roman expedition led by Tiberius Gracchus, Corsica was united with Sardinia and became the Roman province of Corsica-Sardinia. The Corsicans treated as vanquished and not as “liberated” revolted. Three years later, a fifth Roman expedition to Corsica was led by Spurius Carvilius Maximus Ruga. According to the Roman Annals, a young Roman named Cristinus gave victory to Carvilius in 232 BC. AD... In 227 BC. AD, new revolt. This period of warfare ends in 162 BC. AD with the “Roman peace”.
The city of Mariana (south of present-day Bastia) was founded in 105 BC.
Sources
When they talk about Corsica, ancient writers are unanimous in representing man there — like the nature that surrounds him — as hostile28:
“The island of Cyrnos was known to the Romans as Corsica. Life is miserable everywhere, the land is nothing but rocks, most of the country is completely impenetrable. Also the bandits who occupy these mountains and live by plunder are wilder than wild beasts. Sometimes the Roman generals make incursions there, and after having defeated them bring back many slaves, and Rome then sees with amazement to what extent they resemble wild animals and breeding animals. In fact, they let themselves die out of disgust with life, or exceed their owner to such an extent with their apathy and insensitivity that they make him regret his purchase, however little he may have spent. There are, however, certain portions of the island which are, strictly speaking, habitable, and where we even find a few small towns, such as Blésinon, Charax, Eniconiae and Vapanes.
— Strabo, Geography, V, II, 7
High Middle age
The port of Bonifacio.
In 455, the invasion of the Vandals, who conquered Roman Africa, marked the end of Roman occupation. The first epidemics of malaria also appear. Under Vandal domination (455-534), Corsica served as a place of relegation for African bishops hostile to the Vandals who were exiled to the island to cut wood for naval construction29.
During April 534, the Byzantine troops of General Belisarius, conqueror of the Vandal kingdom of Africa, chased the Vandals from the islands of the western Mediterranean, including Corsica. This Byzantine victory begins the Byzantine occupation of the island.
In 550, the Ostrogoths of King Totila, at war against the Byzantine Empire, made several incursions into the island.
During the period 585-590, the island was integrated into the exarchate of Carthage.
Pope Gregory the Great opposed the policy of the Byzantine emperor Maurice I in Corsica and Italy in 590, the emperor being hostile to the rapprochement between the Papacy and the Lombards30.
The Lombards invaded the island in 725 and thus took it from the Byzantines. The Lombards are said to have introduced faide to the island, a system of private vengeance of Germanic origin at the origin of vendetta31,32.
Towards the middle of the 8th century the Lombards left, the Byzantine Empire, which did not
In the 5th century BC. BC, the Greeks settle in Corsica
In 453 BC. BC, the Syracusans of Sicily led by Gélon chased out the Etruscans. Apelles, admiral of Syracuse, founded Syracusenus Portus (current Porto-Vecchio). In 384 BC. AD, Dionysius (Dionysus) I, tyrant of Syracuse and successor of Gelon, decides to annihilate Punic pretensions throughout the Tyrrhenian Sea. For this he occupied the small islands, the strong points of the eastern coast and made Syracusenus Portus an advanced base which he used to monitor the surrounding regions. A century later (280 BC). BC), the Carthaginians, supported by Torrean mercenaries already serving in the ranks of the army since the 5th century BC. BC, drive out the Syracusans.
In the 3rd century BC. BC, the Romans conquer Corsica
In 259 BC. BC, following a decision taken five years earlier at the start of the first Punic war, the Romans undertook the conquest of Corsica. At the head of a large fleet, Lucius Cornelius Scipio, surprises Alalia at night. At the time, it seems that the city was free, populated by both Etruscans and Carthaginians. Scipio burns it and renames it Aleria.
In 238 BC. BC, during a second Roman expedition led by Tiberius Gracchus, Corsica was united with Sardinia and became the Roman province of Corsica-Sardinia. The Corsicans treated as vanquished and not as “liberated” revolted. Three years later, a fifth Roman expedition to Corsica was led by Spurius Carvilius Maximus Ruga. According to the Roman Annals, a young Roman named Cristinus gave victory to Carvilius in 232 BC. AD... In 227 BC. AD, new revolt. This period of warfare ends in 162 BC. AD with the “Roman peace”.
The city of Mariana (south of present-day Bastia) was founded in 105 BC.
Sources
When they talk about Corsica, ancient writers are unanimous in representing man there — like the nature that surrounds him — as hostile28:
“The island of Cyrnos was known to the Romans as Corsica. Life is miserable everywhere, the land is nothing but rocks, most of the country is completely impenetrable. Also the bandits who occupy these mountains and live by plunder are wilder than wild beasts. Sometimes the Roman generals make incursions there, and after having defeated them bring back many slaves, and Rome then sees with amazement to what extent they resemble wild animals and breeding animals. In fact, they let themselves die out of disgust with life, or exceed their owner to such an extent with their apathy and insensitivity that they make him regret his purchase, however little he may have spent. There are, however, certain portions of the island which are, strictly speaking, habitable, and where we even find a few small towns, such as Blésinon, Charax, Eniconiae and Vapanes.
— Strabo, Geography, V, II, 7
High Middle age
The port of Bonifacio.
In 455, the invasion of the Vandals, who conquered Roman Africa, marked the end of Roman occupation. The first epidemics of malaria also appear. Under Vandal domination (455-534), Corsica served as a place of relegation for African bishops hostile to the Vandals who were exiled to the island to cut wood for naval construction29.
During April 534, the Byzantine troops of General Belisarius, conqueror of the Vandal kingdom of Africa, chased the Vandals from the islands of the western Mediterranean, including Corsica. This Byzantine victory begins the Byzantine occupation of the island.
In 550, the Ostrogoths of King Totila, at war against the Byzantine Empire, made several incursions into the island.
During the period 585-590, the island was integrated into the exarchate of Carthage.
Pope Gregory the Great opposed the policy of the Byzantine emperor Maurice I in Corsica and Italy in 590, the emperor being hostile to the rapprochement between the Papacy and the Lombards30.
The Lombards invaded the island in 725 and thus took it from the Byzantines. The Lombards are said to have introduced faide to the island, a system of private vengeance of Germanic origin at the origin of vendetta31,32.
Towards the middle of the 8th century the Lombards left, the Byzantine Empire, which did not
Since the 10th century, the Obertenghi marquises have probably held rights over Corsica due to their title of count of the city of Luni to which the island is attached [ref. necessary]. The Pope cedes Corsica, in return for an annual fee of fifty pounds, currency of Lucca, to the Republic of Pisa38. In 1018, the Marquises of Massa arrived in Corsica39.
In 1077, Gregory VII attempted to reconquer Corsica through his vicar Landolfo, bishop of Pisa. He charged him with reorganizing the island's dioceses. From 1077 to 1092, as part of the ecclesiastical reform, a religious network of the territory through a network of pieves was established.
Then, in 1091, Pope Urban II enfeoffed Corsica to one of the latter's successors, Daiberto. Urban II then named Archbishop Daibertus bishop of Pisa, in 1092, he became metropolitan-suzerain of the six Corsican dioceses: Nebbio, Mariana, Accia, Sagone, Ajaccio and Aléria.
In 1095, Marquis Ugo appeared with the title of Marquis of Corsica and exercised authority over the entire island40; he probably died shortly after 1124, without direct descendants40.
Catholicism influenced Corsica: the Mariana Cathedral was consecrated in 1119. Under the influence of the Church, the dead, until then buried on the sides of the roads, were buried around and in churches from 1130. Then, in 1133, the bishoprics were separated into two groups (one for Genoa and one for Pisa), Genoa obtaining on this occasion from Pope Innocent II the dioceses of Nebbio, Mariana, Accia, Pisa retaining Sagone, Ajaccio and Aléria.
The period between approximately 1150 and 1250 marked the birth of lordships: taking advantage of the decline in the authority of the Marquis of Massa, the local aristocracy appropriated their rights. The first private fortifications were built during the same period when the Genoese settled in Bonifacio, in 1195 to be precise.
In 1268, Sinucello Della Rocca, known as “Giudice della Rocca” or Cinarca, was master of all of Corsica except Cap Corse and Bonifacio, with the help of Pisa, Genoa then took the war to Balagne and settled in Calvi , building a citadel. This war will lead to the naval battle of Meloria where Enrico Da Mare (son of Ansaldo, co-lord of Rogliano, admiral of Genoa) defeated the Pisan navy in 1284. That same year, Corsica and all of Liguria became the property of Genoa, which became dominant in the Mediterranean: Pisa was ousted.
Pope Boniface VIII created the kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica, granted in an area subservient to the crown of Aragon, in 1297.
The year 1336 marks the death of John Avogari (son of Oberto); his fiefdom is therefore shared between his sons: Brando to Piero, Nonza to Lucchino and Canari to André.
From 1347 to 1348, the black plague which affected all of Europe left only a third of the inhabitants in Corsica, according to the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani8.
In 1348, the death of Galeotto Da Mare (known as Giachetto, great-grandson of Ansaldo) occurred; his fiefdom is shared between his children: Babiano has everything except Centuri for Crescione; Morsiglia goes to Nicolas (son of Crescione) but soon after he is also lord of Centuri; Pino goes to Bartolomeo (Crescione's brother).
Sambucucciu d'Alandu led a popular revolt in 1358, he expelled the lords from their fiefs, who were replaced by Caporali. All the castles were demolished, apart from 6 including those of Nonza and San Colombano. The people administer themselves and the emancipated communes unite into a confederation of the Terra del Comune, opposed to Cap Corse and the Terra dei Signori. The territory between Brando and Aléria, Corte and the sea, liberated, was allied with the Republic of Genoa in 1359.
The year 1363 was marked by the persecution of the Ghjuvannali. 20,000 people are excommunicated.
1372: Aragon realizes its rights over Corsica. He helps Arrigo Della Rocca, descendant of Giudice, Count of Corsica. Genoa subjugates the island to Genoese gentlemen. Arrigo agrees with them to found the society of Maona and to be governor of Rocca.
1378: August 27, Genoa chartered the island to an industrial and financial company, composed of six members and designated under the name “Maona”.
1383: foundation of Bastia by Genoa.
1394: Arrigo Della Rocca expels all the lords from their castles and declared himself lord of the entire island to form the Italian principality of Corsica, in the same way as the other region-states of Italy.
1397: Arrigo, master of almost all of Corsica for twelve years, is defeated by Genoa and the Corsicans who rise up against him.
1401: death of Count of Corsica Arrigo Della Rocca. His son went to the Genoa camp because he noticed the intentions of foreign invasion, on Corsica in particular, from France and the kingdom of Aragon.
1420: intervention, with his fleet, of King Alfonso V of Aragon. Vincentello d'Istria takes Bastia, fails after his siege at Bonifacio whose population will suffer famine, and cannot keep Calvi for long
In 1077, Gregory VII attempted to reconquer Corsica through his vicar Landolfo, bishop of Pisa. He charged him with reorganizing the island's dioceses. From 1077 to 1092, as part of the ecclesiastical reform, a religious network of the territory through a network of pieves was established.
Then, in 1091, Pope Urban II enfeoffed Corsica to one of the latter's successors, Daiberto. Urban II then named Archbishop Daibertus bishop of Pisa, in 1092, he became metropolitan-suzerain of the six Corsican dioceses: Nebbio, Mariana, Accia, Sagone, Ajaccio and Aléria.
In 1095, Marquis Ugo appeared with the title of Marquis of Corsica and exercised authority over the entire island40; he probably died shortly after 1124, without direct descendants40.
Catholicism influenced Corsica: the Mariana Cathedral was consecrated in 1119. Under the influence of the Church, the dead, until then buried on the sides of the roads, were buried around and in churches from 1130. Then, in 1133, the bishoprics were separated into two groups (one for Genoa and one for Pisa), Genoa obtaining on this occasion from Pope Innocent II the dioceses of Nebbio, Mariana, Accia, Pisa retaining Sagone, Ajaccio and Aléria.
The period between approximately 1150 and 1250 marked the birth of lordships: taking advantage of the decline in the authority of the Marquis of Massa, the local aristocracy appropriated their rights. The first private fortifications were built during the same period when the Genoese settled in Bonifacio, in 1195 to be precise.
In 1268, Sinucello Della Rocca, known as “Giudice della Rocca” or Cinarca, was master of all of Corsica except Cap Corse and Bonifacio, with the help of Pisa, Genoa then took the war to Balagne and settled in Calvi , building a citadel. This war will lead to the naval battle of Meloria where Enrico Da Mare (son of Ansaldo, co-lord of Rogliano, admiral of Genoa) defeated the Pisan navy in 1284. That same year, Corsica and all of Liguria became the property of Genoa, which became dominant in the Mediterranean: Pisa was ousted.
Pope Boniface VIII created the kingdom of Sardinia and Corsica, granted in an area subservient to the crown of Aragon, in 1297.
The year 1336 marks the death of John Avogari (son of Oberto); his fiefdom is therefore shared between his sons: Brando to Piero, Nonza to Lucchino and Canari to André.
From 1347 to 1348, the black plague which affected all of Europe left only a third of the inhabitants in Corsica, according to the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani8.
In 1348, the death of Galeotto Da Mare (known as Giachetto, great-grandson of Ansaldo) occurred; his fiefdom is shared between his children: Babiano has everything except Centuri for Crescione; Morsiglia goes to Nicolas (son of Crescione) but soon after he is also lord of Centuri; Pino goes to Bartolomeo (Crescione's brother).
Sambucucciu d'Alandu led a popular revolt in 1358, he expelled the lords from their fiefs, who were replaced by Caporali. All the castles were demolished, apart from 6 including those of Nonza and San Colombano. The people administer themselves and the emancipated communes unite into a confederation of the Terra del Comune, opposed to Cap Corse and the Terra dei Signori. The territory between Brando and Aléria, Corte and the sea, liberated, was allied with the Republic of Genoa in 1359.
The year 1363 was marked by the persecution of the Ghjuvannali. 20,000 people are excommunicated.
1372: Aragon realizes its rights over Corsica. He helps Arrigo Della Rocca, descendant of Giudice, Count of Corsica. Genoa subjugates the island to Genoese gentlemen. Arrigo agrees with them to found the society of Maona and to be governor of Rocca.
1378: August 27, Genoa chartered the island to an industrial and financial company, composed of six members and designated under the name “Maona”.
1383: foundation of Bastia by Genoa.
1394: Arrigo Della Rocca expels all the lords from their castles and declared himself lord of the entire island to form the Italian principality of Corsica, in the same way as the other region-states of Italy.
1397: Arrigo, master of almost all of Corsica for twelve years, is defeated by Genoa and the Corsicans who rise up against him.
1401: death of Count of Corsica Arrigo Della Rocca. His son went to the Genoa camp because he noticed the intentions of foreign invasion, on Corsica in particular, from France and the kingdom of Aragon.
1420: intervention, with his fleet, of King Alfonso V of Aragon. Vincentello d'Istria takes Bastia, fails after his siege at Bonifacio whose population will suffer famine, and cannot keep Calvi for long
The great Corsican revolt and the advent of the Corsican republic (1729-1816)
1729: first Corsican uprising against Genoa following poor harvests and new taxes, the trigger of which is attributed to Anton Francescu Lanfranchi44
1730: June, arrivals of the new governor Giovanni Francesco Gropallo, and the commissioner Camillo Doria in charge of full military powers.
1730: in December, consultation of Saint-Pancrace and rebellion of the Corsicans against Genoa; Corsica declares its independence
1731: at the request of Genoa, imperial troops commanded by Baron de Wachtendonck arrive in Corsica.
1732: January 14, Colonel de Vins with six hundred German soldiers tried to occupy Calenzana and suffered a heavy defeat
1732: Mars 26, Paolo Battista Rivarola is appointed commissioner general
1732: April 7, the Prince of Württemberg arrives in Calvi with new German troops.
1732: Peace of Corte which will not be respected.
1733: Wachtendonck and the last German troops leave Corsica
Pascal Paoli.
1733: July, Paolo Geronimo Pallavicini general commissioner replacing Rivarola
1733: second Corsican uprising against Genoa.
1734: at the beginning of September, Ugo Fieschi and Pier Maria Giustiniani, senators, were appointed general commissioners, replacing Pallavicini. They announce themselves as messengers of peace
1735: January 30, adoption of a regulation which ratifies the first declaration of independence of Corsica by the consulta of Orezza (the “consult” of Sébastien Costa)
1735: May 2, Genoa sends a general commissioner for Beyond the Mountains, Ottavio Grimaldi. Felice Pinelli returns to Corsica as general commissioner of En-deçà des monts.
1736: at the end of January, Commissioner General Rivarola arrives.
1736: an adventurer, Théodore de Neuhoff, ex-spy in Scotland to study the reestablishment of the Stuarts, becomes king of Corsica.
1737: November 10 at Fontainebleau, convention between France and Genoa for the sending of troops to Corsica.
1737: December, Marquis Giovan Battista de Mari is appointed commissioner general, replacing Rivarola.
1738: February, Louis de Frétat, Count of Boissieux, field marshal, head of the French expeditionary force arrives in Corsica. He comes to negotiate, following the orders received, and refuses to open hostilities as requested by the Genoese.
1738: September 24, Frédéric de Neuhoff, nephew of King Théodore, arrives in Ajaccio and Sagone to try to revolt western Corsica.
1738: October 18, ratification at Fontainebleau, between France and Genoa, of a Regulation for the government of Corsica.
1738: December 14, the French who are heading towards Borgu are attacked. The detachment installed in the village managed to free itself. They retreat with losses.
1739: January 13, Lieutenant-General Jean-Baptiste-François des Marets, Marquis de Maillebois, receives instructions to go command the King's army in Corsica, replacing the ill Boissieux (he dies on the night of the 1st to the 2nd FEBRUARY).
1739: April, Maillebois organizes in Balagne, companies of Corsican volunteers in the service of France. These companies constitute the first cores of the future Royal-Corsica regiment.
1739: May, the pieves of Casinca, Ampugnani, Campulori, as well as Corte and Nebbiu, provide companies of Corsican volunteers to Maillebois, who will have with the six infantry battalions, hussars and artillery landed in Bastia, of an army of 16 battalions of 510 men each, two squadrons of hussars of 100 men and 60 miquelets. With the Genoese troops, the numbers amounted to ten or eleven thousand soldiers.
1739: December, the island is largely subjugated. French troops begin to re-embark.
1740: June, Marquis Domenico Maria Spinola, former doge, is appointed commissioner general, replacing Giovan Battista de'Mari.
1740: October 3, Frédéric de Neuhoff who submitted, and his retinue leave Corsica.
1741: end of June, publication of the population count ordered by Maillebois (promoted marshal on February 11): Corsica has 339 parishes, 427 villages, 26,854 fires, 120,389 inhabitants
1741: September 6, the last French troops leave Calvi for Antibes.
The bombardment of Bastia during the War of the Austrian Succession in 1745.
1742: to deal with emerging unrest, the Genoese send new troops to the island.
1743: February 1, Théodore reappears aboard an English ship off L'Île-Rousse.
1743: February 22, death of Commissioner Spinola in Bastia. Gian Benedetto Speroni takes over.
1743: February 28, Théodore is in the Gulf of Ajaccio with five English ships. The squadron attacks a Spanish ship placed under the protection of Genoese guns. He intends to seize Ajaccio.
1729: first Corsican uprising against Genoa following poor harvests and new taxes, the trigger of which is attributed to Anton Francescu Lanfranchi44
1730: June, arrivals of the new governor Giovanni Francesco Gropallo, and the commissioner Camillo Doria in charge of full military powers.
1730: in December, consultation of Saint-Pancrace and rebellion of the Corsicans against Genoa; Corsica declares its independence
1731: at the request of Genoa, imperial troops commanded by Baron de Wachtendonck arrive in Corsica.
1732: January 14, Colonel de Vins with six hundred German soldiers tried to occupy Calenzana and suffered a heavy defeat
1732: Mars 26, Paolo Battista Rivarola is appointed commissioner general
1732: April 7, the Prince of Württemberg arrives in Calvi with new German troops.
1732: Peace of Corte which will not be respected.
1733: Wachtendonck and the last German troops leave Corsica
Pascal Paoli.
1733: July, Paolo Geronimo Pallavicini general commissioner replacing Rivarola
1733: second Corsican uprising against Genoa.
1734: at the beginning of September, Ugo Fieschi and Pier Maria Giustiniani, senators, were appointed general commissioners, replacing Pallavicini. They announce themselves as messengers of peace
1735: January 30, adoption of a regulation which ratifies the first declaration of independence of Corsica by the consulta of Orezza (the “consult” of Sébastien Costa)
1735: May 2, Genoa sends a general commissioner for Beyond the Mountains, Ottavio Grimaldi. Felice Pinelli returns to Corsica as general commissioner of En-deçà des monts.
1736: at the end of January, Commissioner General Rivarola arrives.
1736: an adventurer, Théodore de Neuhoff, ex-spy in Scotland to study the reestablishment of the Stuarts, becomes king of Corsica.
1737: November 10 at Fontainebleau, convention between France and Genoa for the sending of troops to Corsica.
1737: December, Marquis Giovan Battista de Mari is appointed commissioner general, replacing Rivarola.
1738: February, Louis de Frétat, Count of Boissieux, field marshal, head of the French expeditionary force arrives in Corsica. He comes to negotiate, following the orders received, and refuses to open hostilities as requested by the Genoese.
1738: September 24, Frédéric de Neuhoff, nephew of King Théodore, arrives in Ajaccio and Sagone to try to revolt western Corsica.
1738: October 18, ratification at Fontainebleau, between France and Genoa, of a Regulation for the government of Corsica.
1738: December 14, the French who are heading towards Borgu are attacked. The detachment installed in the village managed to free itself. They retreat with losses.
1739: January 13, Lieutenant-General Jean-Baptiste-François des Marets, Marquis de Maillebois, receives instructions to go command the King's army in Corsica, replacing the ill Boissieux (he dies on the night of the 1st to the 2nd FEBRUARY).
1739: April, Maillebois organizes in Balagne, companies of Corsican volunteers in the service of France. These companies constitute the first cores of the future Royal-Corsica regiment.
1739: May, the pieves of Casinca, Ampugnani, Campulori, as well as Corte and Nebbiu, provide companies of Corsican volunteers to Maillebois, who will have with the six infantry battalions, hussars and artillery landed in Bastia, of an army of 16 battalions of 510 men each, two squadrons of hussars of 100 men and 60 miquelets. With the Genoese troops, the numbers amounted to ten or eleven thousand soldiers.
1739: December, the island is largely subjugated. French troops begin to re-embark.
1740: June, Marquis Domenico Maria Spinola, former doge, is appointed commissioner general, replacing Giovan Battista de'Mari.
1740: October 3, Frédéric de Neuhoff who submitted, and his retinue leave Corsica.
1741: end of June, publication of the population count ordered by Maillebois (promoted marshal on February 11): Corsica has 339 parishes, 427 villages, 26,854 fires, 120,389 inhabitants
1741: September 6, the last French troops leave Calvi for Antibes.
The bombardment of Bastia during the War of the Austrian Succession in 1745.
1742: to deal with emerging unrest, the Genoese send new troops to the island.
1743: February 1, Théodore reappears aboard an English ship off L'Île-Rousse.
1743: February 22, death of Commissioner Spinola in Bastia. Gian Benedetto Speroni takes over.
1743: February 28, Théodore is in the Gulf of Ajaccio with five English ships. The squadron attacks a Spanish ship placed under the protection of Genoese guns. He intends to seize Ajaccio.
Main article: Kingdom of Corsica (1794-1796).
1796: French troops retake the island which had been evacuated by the British.
1796: Corsica has 150,000 inhabitants.
1797; the reestablishment of laws against the clergy provoked in Castagniccia the insurrection of “La Crucetta” crushed by General Vaubois. General Augustin Giafferi, 80 years old, leader of the insurgents, was shot in Bastia.
1801: all Corsican dioceses are incorporated into the diocese of Ajaccio. General Joseph Morand is responsible for pacifying the island.
1804: Napoleon Bonaparte becomes Emperor of the French.
1805: Decree of suspension which grants a period of time for the use of the French language in public documents in Corsica, an Italian-speaking region until 1858.
1807: February, death of Pascal Paoli in London.
1808: in Isolaccio, in Fiumorbo, General Joseph Morand had 167 men arrested, 9 shot and sent to the Toulon penal colony48.
1811: Golo and Liamone are reunited, the department of Corsica is restored with Ajaccio as its capital.
1812: Each parish opens a cemetery, the dead are no longer buried in churches.
1814: Napoleon I abdicates; he becomes sovereign of the island of Elba. The English occupied Bastia, Calvi, Ajaccio, Bonifacio for a month. Napoleon returned to power in Paris, then beaten again in June 1815 at Waterloo by the European coalition, was deported, this time to the island of Saint Helena.
1815: The Marquis de Rivière was called, in November, to command the 23rd military division (Corsica). “His prudence and firmness” dissipated the insurrectional troubles which devastated this island49.
1816: a thousand Fium'Orbais rise up against the anti-Bonapartist Louis XVIII; 8,000 soldiers cannot subdue them. General Amédée Willot reconciles everyone.
1821: Napoleon Bonaparte dies on Saint Helena.
1830: the cantons no longer bear the names of the old pieves but those of the capitals.
1840: Prosper Mérimée's trip to the island.
1849: August 10, appointment of the first “Monsieur Corsican” in the history of the island. Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, then President of the Republic, gave Jacques Pierre Abbatucci (future Keeper of the Seals) the mission of making a report on the needs of Corsica, and charged him with monitoring files relating to the Island with the various ministries concerned.
The coup d'état of December 2, 1851 by Napoleon III was widely supported in Corsica, a Catholic, conservative and monarchist department; it is even one of the four departments where no opponent is arrested50.
1859: August 4, the Court of Cassation reaffirms that the French language is the only official language in Corsica51, Italian being until then the most used language on the island[ref. necessary]. The Italian language is now banned in the administration[ref. necessary] (the Corsican language not yet being written and considered a form of Italian.)
1880: construction of the rudder of Corsica by military engineers in Bonifacio; this was a port monitoring site52.
1881: Corsica has 273,000 inhabitants.
1890: in the space of a century, the island's population almost doubled.
1918: with 9800 (ref. Men's Memory site bringing together all the files on "deaths for France") at the end of four years of war, Corsica is one of the departments which pays, in proportion to its population, the heaviest price in human lives, the department ranks 31st in metropolitan France (between Haute-Saône and Meuse) with a mortality rate of 3.6% (deaths due to war in relation to population)
1921: on May 15 at 2 a.m., the dilapidated liner Rion coming from Constantinople arrived in the bay of Ajaccio with 3,422 Russian refugees on board. After a health quarantine, the passengers disembark. Some stay permanently, making roots on the island.
Main article: Exodus of White Russians in Corsica.
1939: ban on the newspaper A Muvra, considered pro-Italian.
WWI
Monument to the dead in Marignana (Sevidentro).
48,000 men were mobilized in Corsica, in addition to the 9,000 men already under the flag when the conflict broke out. This relatively high figure is explained by the fact that the island has the status of a “stronghold”, which allows enlistment in the territorial army and its reserve of older soldiers (minimum 37 years and 48 years at least). maximum). The mission of the territorial infantry is the protection of coasts and strongholds, and not engagement on the front line. However, in the confusion of the first months of the war, some older soldiers were sent to the continental front, which led to protests in the National Assembly in April 1915.
The mobilization of Corsican conscripts obeyed stricter rules than those in force in mainland France, as declared by the Prime Minister.
1796: French troops retake the island which had been evacuated by the British.
1796: Corsica has 150,000 inhabitants.
1797; the reestablishment of laws against the clergy provoked in Castagniccia the insurrection of “La Crucetta” crushed by General Vaubois. General Augustin Giafferi, 80 years old, leader of the insurgents, was shot in Bastia.
1801: all Corsican dioceses are incorporated into the diocese of Ajaccio. General Joseph Morand is responsible for pacifying the island.
1804: Napoleon Bonaparte becomes Emperor of the French.
1805: Decree of suspension which grants a period of time for the use of the French language in public documents in Corsica, an Italian-speaking region until 1858.
1807: February, death of Pascal Paoli in London.
1808: in Isolaccio, in Fiumorbo, General Joseph Morand had 167 men arrested, 9 shot and sent to the Toulon penal colony48.
1811: Golo and Liamone are reunited, the department of Corsica is restored with Ajaccio as its capital.
1812: Each parish opens a cemetery, the dead are no longer buried in churches.
1814: Napoleon I abdicates; he becomes sovereign of the island of Elba. The English occupied Bastia, Calvi, Ajaccio, Bonifacio for a month. Napoleon returned to power in Paris, then beaten again in June 1815 at Waterloo by the European coalition, was deported, this time to the island of Saint Helena.
1815: The Marquis de Rivière was called, in November, to command the 23rd military division (Corsica). “His prudence and firmness” dissipated the insurrectional troubles which devastated this island49.
1816: a thousand Fium'Orbais rise up against the anti-Bonapartist Louis XVIII; 8,000 soldiers cannot subdue them. General Amédée Willot reconciles everyone.
1821: Napoleon Bonaparte dies on Saint Helena.
1830: the cantons no longer bear the names of the old pieves but those of the capitals.
1840: Prosper Mérimée's trip to the island.
1849: August 10, appointment of the first “Monsieur Corsican” in the history of the island. Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, then President of the Republic, gave Jacques Pierre Abbatucci (future Keeper of the Seals) the mission of making a report on the needs of Corsica, and charged him with monitoring files relating to the Island with the various ministries concerned.
The coup d'état of December 2, 1851 by Napoleon III was widely supported in Corsica, a Catholic, conservative and monarchist department; it is even one of the four departments where no opponent is arrested50.
1859: August 4, the Court of Cassation reaffirms that the French language is the only official language in Corsica51, Italian being until then the most used language on the island[ref. necessary]. The Italian language is now banned in the administration[ref. necessary] (the Corsican language not yet being written and considered a form of Italian.)
1880: construction of the rudder of Corsica by military engineers in Bonifacio; this was a port monitoring site52.
1881: Corsica has 273,000 inhabitants.
1890: in the space of a century, the island's population almost doubled.
1918: with 9800 (ref. Men's Memory site bringing together all the files on "deaths for France") at the end of four years of war, Corsica is one of the departments which pays, in proportion to its population, the heaviest price in human lives, the department ranks 31st in metropolitan France (between Haute-Saône and Meuse) with a mortality rate of 3.6% (deaths due to war in relation to population)
1921: on May 15 at 2 a.m., the dilapidated liner Rion coming from Constantinople arrived in the bay of Ajaccio with 3,422 Russian refugees on board. After a health quarantine, the passengers disembark. Some stay permanently, making roots on the island.
Main article: Exodus of White Russians in Corsica.
1939: ban on the newspaper A Muvra, considered pro-Italian.
WWI
Monument to the dead in Marignana (Sevidentro).
48,000 men were mobilized in Corsica, in addition to the 9,000 men already under the flag when the conflict broke out. This relatively high figure is explained by the fact that the island has the status of a “stronghold”, which allows enlistment in the territorial army and its reserve of older soldiers (minimum 37 years and 48 years at least). maximum). The mission of the territorial infantry is the protection of coasts and strongholds, and not engagement on the front line. However, in the confusion of the first months of the war, some older soldiers were sent to the continental front, which led to protests in the National Assembly in April 1915.
The mobilization of Corsican conscripts obeyed stricter rules than those in force in mainland France, as declared by the Prime Minister.
1957: creation of SETCO (Society for Tourist Facilities of Corsica) in order to promote the creation of tourist complexes (hotels, holiday villages, etc.). Creation of SOMIVAC (Society for the agricultural development of Corsica). 90% of the land previously promised to Corsican farmers will be reserved for returnees from Algeria. Corsica welcomed around 6,000 before 1962 and, as we have seen, 8,000 after 60.
1957: massive arrival of returnees from Algeria (until 1965); allocation of vast agricultural lands to repatriated Pied-Noir farmers, to the detriment of local farmers.
1959: founding of the November 29 Movement.
1960: in April, the Debré government decided to create an underground nuclear experimentation center in the disused Argentella mines, south of Calvi: unanimous protest. The Government is backing down. Nuclear tests, which can no longer be carried out in Algeria, will now be carried out in Polynesia.
from 1965 to mid-1970: radicalization of demands, first regionalist then autonomist and finally nationalist. The island is in a state of isolation and considerable technical delays: few roads, difficult and costly communications with the mainland, poor health facilities, a deplorable school map, no university.
1970: Corsica is administratively detached from Provence-Côte d'Azur and becomes the 22nd metropolitan region (decree of January 9, 1970).
1972:
1957: massive arrival of returnees from Algeria (until 1965); allocation of vast agricultural lands to repatriated Pied-Noir farmers, to the detriment of local farmers.
1959: founding of the November 29 Movement.
1960: in April, the Debré government decided to create an underground nuclear experimentation center in the disused Argentella mines, south of Calvi: unanimous protest. The Government is backing down. Nuclear tests, which can no longer be carried out in Algeria, will now be carried out in Polynesia.
from 1965 to mid-1970: radicalization of demands, first regionalist then autonomist and finally nationalist. The island is in a state of isolation and considerable technical delays: few roads, difficult and costly communications with the mainland, poor health facilities, a deplorable school map, no university.
1970: Corsica is administratively detached from Provence-Côte d'Azur and becomes the 22nd metropolitan region (decree of January 9, 1970).
1972:
| Métal | Bronze |
| Type | Médailles françaises |