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169-tir80
Bronze medal from the Paris Mint (cornucopia hallmark from 1880).
Bronze medal from the Paris Mint (cornucopia hallmark from 1880).
Minted in 1977.
Some traces of handling, scratches.
Artist / Graworm / sculptorr : Robert Fleury COIN (1901-1988).
Dimension : 80 mm by 60 mm.
Weight : 244 g.
Dimension : 80 mm by 60 mm.
Weight : 244 g.
Metal : bronze .
Hallmark on the edge (mark on the edge) : cornucopia + bronze + 1977.
Hallmark on the edge (mark on the edge) : cornucopia + bronze + 1977.
Quick and neat delivery.
The support is not for sale.
Stand is not for sale.
Joan of Flanders, Joan of Hainaut or Joan of Constantinople1, born on an unknown date between 1194 and 1200, and died on December 5, 1244, is a politician of the Middle Ages who governed Flanders and Hainaut in the first half of the 13th century . She was Countess of Flanders and Hainaut from 1205 to 1244.
Eldest daughter of Emperor Baldwin of Constantinople and Marie de Champagne, her parents died in the Crusades in 1205. She was raised in Paris under the tutelage of King Philip Augustus, who married her to Ferrand of Portugal in 1212. The latter quickly turned against his French overlord, provoking a war which ended with the defeat of Bouvines and the imprisonment of the young count. Joan then governs Flanders and Hainaut alone. She must face the rivalry of her sister Marguerite, then the sedition of her counties led by an impostor who claims to be her father. At the end of this civil war, her husband Ferrand was released, but died shortly after. She married Thomas of Savoy for the second time. Joan died in 1244 at Marquette Abbey.
Countess Jeanne led a policy favorable to the economic development of her counties and granted numerous franchise charters to Flemish cities. She played an important role in the development of mendicant orders, beguines, victorines and hospital communities in her counties, without neglecting traditional orders. Under his reign, women's foundations, previously rare, multiplied, transforming the place of women in society and in the church.
The Third Continuation, one of the novels of the Grail tale, was written for Joan of Constantinople, as was the Life of Saint Marthe by Wauchier de Denain. The first novel in the Dutch language, Van den vos Reynaerde, was written by a cleric close to him.
Until the 19th century, researchers maintained a very negative image, until it was rehabilitated. There are several painted or sculpted representations of the countess in France and Belgium, as well as two giants. The exact date of birth of Joan of Constantinople is unknown, several hypotheses having been put forward without tangible evidence. We simply know that, like her younger sister Marguerite, she was baptized in the Saint-Jean church in Valenciennes2.
In 1202, Joan's father, Baudouin, Count of Flanders and Hainaut, left his lands to participate in the Fourth Crusade. After the capture of Constantinople, he was proclaimed emperor by the crusaders on May 9, 12043. His wife Marie de Champagne decides to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land before joining him. She dies upon arriving in Acre. Then Baldwin himself disappeared during the battle of Adrianople against the Bulgarians of John Kalojan, on April 14, 1205. His exact fate, dead or prisoner, is unknown, but his body has not been found3.
After the disappearance of the count and his wife, the counties of Flanders and Hainaut were administered by a council composed of the chancellor of Flanders, the provost of Lille and the castellans of Lille and Saint-Omer. The education of Jeanne and her younger sister Marguerite was assumed by their paternal uncle Philippe I, Count of Namur3. But, from 1208, the latter delegated this responsibility to the king of France Philippe-Auguste4. They were raised in Paris, in the company of the young Thibaud de Champagne3.
From 1206, Philippe Auguste imposed on Philippe de Namur not to marry his nieces without his consent. Two years later, an agreement was concluded under which the King of France agreed not to marry them before their majority without the consent of the Count of Namur, but that the latter would not oppose the royal choice after their majority. . Finally, in the event that one or the other of the two sisters refused the candidate of Philippe Auguste, the agreement provided that she would be handed over to the Count of Namur, and would undertake to serve the king and pay him compensation. financial3.
In 1211, Enguerrand de Coucy offered Philippe Auguste the sum of fifty thousand pounds to marry Jeanne, while his brother Thomas would marry Marguerite. The Flemish nobility is hostile to this project. Mathilde of Portugal, dowager countess and widow of Philippe of Alsace, then proposed to marry Jeanne to her nephew Ferdinand of Portugal, (1188-1233) known as Ferrand of Portugal, for the same sum. The marriage was celebrated in Paris2 on January 12, 1212[insufficient source]3. After this date Ferrand of Portugal was known as Ferrand of Flanders.
Youth
Main article: Philip II of France.
Seal of Joan of Constantinople. She chose a round seal, like the men, and is depicted on horseback, a falcon in her hand, in an aristocratic attitude.
During their return trip to Flanders, the new couple were captured by Jeanne's cousin, Prince Louis (the future Louis VIII of France), eldest son of Philippe-Auguste. Louis' goal was to recover a vast portion of the territory including Artois that Elisabeth de Vermandois had brought as a dowry to Flanders through her marriage to Philippe d'Alsace, Count of Flanders.
After ceding the towns of Aire-sur-la-Lys and Saint-Omer (by the Treaty of Pont-à-Vendin, February 24, 1211), Joan and Ferrand of Flanders joined the former allies of Baudouin, the king John of England and Emperor Otto IV, in an alliance against France. They conciliated the powerful Ghent bourgeoisie, who had initially refused to recognize Ferrand as count, by granting the annual election of the four industrial tribunals, who chose with the countess the aldermen of the city. Then, they authorized the inhabitants of Ghent and Ypres to fortify their cities, and Ferrand dismissed from their functions the castellans of Bruges and Ghent, reputed to be pro-French5.
Philippe Auguste bringing back Ferrand of Portugal, count of Flanders, and Renaud, count of Boulogne, taken prisoner at the battle of Bouvines. Grandes Chroniques de France, Paris, 14th century Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MF 2813, f° 253 v° .
Philippe Auguste reacted by attacking Lille, which he burned (with the exception of the fortified castrum and churches) in 12133. At Damme, the French fleet is destroyed by the English. At the battle of Roche-aux-Moines, July 2, 1214, Prince Louis defeated the English army. Then Philippe Auguste inflicted a decisive defeat on his adversaries at Bouvines on July 27, 1214, where Ferrand was taken prisoner6. During the twelve years that Ferrand of Flanders remained a prisoner of the French, Joan governed alone.
Alone in power, Jeanne begins by ordering the reconstruction of the ramparts of Lille, but fearing a new French offensive, she ends up submitting to the King of France. She then tries to have her marriage annulled by the Pope, since it has not been consummated. In 1221, she sought in particular to marry Pierre Mauclerc, baillist of Brittany, widower of Alix de Thouars. But Philippe Auguste opposed it3.
Conflict with Marguerite
In 1213, Marguerite, younger sister of Jeanne, married BouchaRetour de Baudouin
Main article: Louis VIII of France.
According to the Chronicles of Hainaut, the governor of Flanders and Hainaut Arnoul de Gavre recognized his uncle Josse de Materne, dressed as a Franciscan, in Valenciennes. By questioning him, he learned that Count Baudouin and his companions had managed to escape the Bulgarians after twenty years of captivity7. The Rhymed Chronicle of Philippe Mouskes reports, at the same time, that a mysterious stranger distributed large sums of money by announcing the return of Baudouin7. In 1225, a hermit living near Mortagne, in the forest between Valenciennes and Tournai, admitted to being Count Baudouin. He then demanded the restitution by Jeanne of her sovereignty rights over the counties of Flanders and Hainaut8.
Baldwin creates knights, seals acts, behaves like a true count7. Quickly, he was supported by the Hennuyer nobles, notably Jean de Nesle and Robert de Dreux. Then he
Eldest daughter of Emperor Baldwin of Constantinople and Marie de Champagne, her parents died in the Crusades in 1205. She was raised in Paris under the tutelage of King Philip Augustus, who married her to Ferrand of Portugal in 1212. The latter quickly turned against his French overlord, provoking a war which ended with the defeat of Bouvines and the imprisonment of the young count. Joan then governs Flanders and Hainaut alone. She must face the rivalry of her sister Marguerite, then the sedition of her counties led by an impostor who claims to be her father. At the end of this civil war, her husband Ferrand was released, but died shortly after. She married Thomas of Savoy for the second time. Joan died in 1244 at Marquette Abbey.
Countess Jeanne led a policy favorable to the economic development of her counties and granted numerous franchise charters to Flemish cities. She played an important role in the development of mendicant orders, beguines, victorines and hospital communities in her counties, without neglecting traditional orders. Under his reign, women's foundations, previously rare, multiplied, transforming the place of women in society and in the church.
The Third Continuation, one of the novels of the Grail tale, was written for Joan of Constantinople, as was the Life of Saint Marthe by Wauchier de Denain. The first novel in the Dutch language, Van den vos Reynaerde, was written by a cleric close to him.
Until the 19th century, researchers maintained a very negative image, until it was rehabilitated. There are several painted or sculpted representations of the countess in France and Belgium, as well as two giants. The exact date of birth of Joan of Constantinople is unknown, several hypotheses having been put forward without tangible evidence. We simply know that, like her younger sister Marguerite, she was baptized in the Saint-Jean church in Valenciennes2.
In 1202, Joan's father, Baudouin, Count of Flanders and Hainaut, left his lands to participate in the Fourth Crusade. After the capture of Constantinople, he was proclaimed emperor by the crusaders on May 9, 12043. His wife Marie de Champagne decides to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land before joining him. She dies upon arriving in Acre. Then Baldwin himself disappeared during the battle of Adrianople against the Bulgarians of John Kalojan, on April 14, 1205. His exact fate, dead or prisoner, is unknown, but his body has not been found3.
After the disappearance of the count and his wife, the counties of Flanders and Hainaut were administered by a council composed of the chancellor of Flanders, the provost of Lille and the castellans of Lille and Saint-Omer. The education of Jeanne and her younger sister Marguerite was assumed by their paternal uncle Philippe I, Count of Namur3. But, from 1208, the latter delegated this responsibility to the king of France Philippe-Auguste4. They were raised in Paris, in the company of the young Thibaud de Champagne3.
From 1206, Philippe Auguste imposed on Philippe de Namur not to marry his nieces without his consent. Two years later, an agreement was concluded under which the King of France agreed not to marry them before their majority without the consent of the Count of Namur, but that the latter would not oppose the royal choice after their majority. . Finally, in the event that one or the other of the two sisters refused the candidate of Philippe Auguste, the agreement provided that she would be handed over to the Count of Namur, and would undertake to serve the king and pay him compensation. financial3.
In 1211, Enguerrand de Coucy offered Philippe Auguste the sum of fifty thousand pounds to marry Jeanne, while his brother Thomas would marry Marguerite. The Flemish nobility is hostile to this project. Mathilde of Portugal, dowager countess and widow of Philippe of Alsace, then proposed to marry Jeanne to her nephew Ferdinand of Portugal, (1188-1233) known as Ferrand of Portugal, for the same sum. The marriage was celebrated in Paris2 on January 12, 1212[insufficient source]3. After this date Ferrand of Portugal was known as Ferrand of Flanders.
Youth
Main article: Philip II of France.
Seal of Joan of Constantinople. She chose a round seal, like the men, and is depicted on horseback, a falcon in her hand, in an aristocratic attitude.
During their return trip to Flanders, the new couple were captured by Jeanne's cousin, Prince Louis (the future Louis VIII of France), eldest son of Philippe-Auguste. Louis' goal was to recover a vast portion of the territory including Artois that Elisabeth de Vermandois had brought as a dowry to Flanders through her marriage to Philippe d'Alsace, Count of Flanders.
After ceding the towns of Aire-sur-la-Lys and Saint-Omer (by the Treaty of Pont-à-Vendin, February 24, 1211), Joan and Ferrand of Flanders joined the former allies of Baudouin, the king John of England and Emperor Otto IV, in an alliance against France. They conciliated the powerful Ghent bourgeoisie, who had initially refused to recognize Ferrand as count, by granting the annual election of the four industrial tribunals, who chose with the countess the aldermen of the city. Then, they authorized the inhabitants of Ghent and Ypres to fortify their cities, and Ferrand dismissed from their functions the castellans of Bruges and Ghent, reputed to be pro-French5.
Philippe Auguste bringing back Ferrand of Portugal, count of Flanders, and Renaud, count of Boulogne, taken prisoner at the battle of Bouvines. Grandes Chroniques de France, Paris, 14th century Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MF 2813, f° 253 v° .
Philippe Auguste reacted by attacking Lille, which he burned (with the exception of the fortified castrum and churches) in 12133. At Damme, the French fleet is destroyed by the English. At the battle of Roche-aux-Moines, July 2, 1214, Prince Louis defeated the English army. Then Philippe Auguste inflicted a decisive defeat on his adversaries at Bouvines on July 27, 1214, where Ferrand was taken prisoner6. During the twelve years that Ferrand of Flanders remained a prisoner of the French, Joan governed alone.
Alone in power, Jeanne begins by ordering the reconstruction of the ramparts of Lille, but fearing a new French offensive, she ends up submitting to the King of France. She then tries to have her marriage annulled by the Pope, since it has not been consummated. In 1221, she sought in particular to marry Pierre Mauclerc, baillist of Brittany, widower of Alix de Thouars. But Philippe Auguste opposed it3.
Conflict with Marguerite
In 1213, Marguerite, younger sister of Jeanne, married BouchaRetour de Baudouin
Main article: Louis VIII of France.
According to the Chronicles of Hainaut, the governor of Flanders and Hainaut Arnoul de Gavre recognized his uncle Josse de Materne, dressed as a Franciscan, in Valenciennes. By questioning him, he learned that Count Baudouin and his companions had managed to escape the Bulgarians after twenty years of captivity7. The Rhymed Chronicle of Philippe Mouskes reports, at the same time, that a mysterious stranger distributed large sums of money by announcing the return of Baudouin7. In 1225, a hermit living near Mortagne, in the forest between Valenciennes and Tournai, admitted to being Count Baudouin. He then demanded the restitution by Jeanne of her sovereignty rights over the counties of Flanders and Hainaut8.
Baldwin creates knights, seals acts, behaves like a true count7. Quickly, he was supported by the Hennuyer nobles, notably Jean de Nesle and Robert de Dreux. Then he