The set consists of 9 copies of banknotes from 1940 issued in the General Government.

1.  100 zlotys, 09/11/1934 (1939) (Miłczak 90a)

2.  500 zlotys, March 1, 1940 (Miłczak 98a)

3.  100 zlotys, March 1, 1940 (Miłczak 97a)

4.   50 zlotys, March 1, 1940 (Miłczak 96)

5.   20 zlotys, March 1, 1940 (Miłczak 95a)

6.   10 zlotys, March 1, 1940 (Miłczak 94a)

7.    5 zlotys, March 1, 1940 (Miłczak 93)

8.    2 zlotys, March 1, 1940 (Miłczak 92)

9.    1 zloty, 1 March 1940 (Miłczak 91)

General Government General Governorate (1939-1945) (General Government, abbreviated as GG; German Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete, literally General Governorate for the occupied Polish territories) an administrative and territorial unit created on the basis of the decree of Adolf Hitler of October 12, 1939 with effect from October 26, 1939, which encompassed a part of the territory of the Second Polish Republic occupied by Germany, which was not directly incorporated into the Reich.

The proclamation of the General Government by the Reich was contrary to international law (Hague Convention IV of 1907) and, consequently, unlawful and illegal. Therefore, the General Government was not a subject of international or public law. All acts of the authorities of the General Government, constituting only the occupying power, were ineffective in international legal relations. Genesis The idea of ​​creating the General Government is rooted in the idea of ​​Mitteleuropa.

During World War I, it was used by the ruling political elite of Germany, setting war goals and plans for a new European order after a possible victory for the central states.

Mitteleuropa was to be created by puppet states (including the Kingdom of Poland) under the political, economic and military control of the Reich.

The region was to be an economically exploited hinterland for the German empire, and its resources were to be used to successfully compete with England on the world stage in order to gain the position of a leading power.

The economic organization would be based on the domination of Germany, which would impose a number of favorable economic agreements with its subordinate satellite states, such as Ukraine and Poland.

It was also hoped that the mood of the working class in Germany could be calmed down with the help of territorial annexations, settlement and the better economic condition of Germany.

The population in the subordinated areas would be gradually Germanized, also through ethnic cleansing of the native population and parallel German settlement. The German plan of Mitteleuropa during World War I provided for the annexation of a large part of Polish territory and the expulsion of Poles and Jews from these lands, gradually replaced by German colonists.

Poland itself was to be gradually Germanized, also by reducing the Polish population as a result of famines.

One month before the outbreak of World War II, on August 4, 1939, the map entitled The "Future Map of Europe" with a graphic representation of Mitteleuropa from World War I was published by the Polish newspaper Ilustrowany Kuryer Codzienny.

The map by Albert Rymann showed Germany (German: Deutsches Kaiserreich) with the adjacent satellite state of the Kingdom of Poland (German: Koenigreich Polen) with a small annotation deutscher Bundesstaat, meaning "federal state of the German Reich".

The same concept of establishing a satellite Polish state was included in the plans for the Second World War. The concept was implemented in the shape of the General Government and it was the implementation of the post-war goals of German policy in Eastern Europe, defined, among others, by in the General Eastern Plan and the assumptions of the occupation policy of the Third Reich on Polish territory. They were implemented through the physical elimination of most of the Polish intelligentsia and the so-called leaders in the "Intelligenzaktion" action, Germanization, resettlement and extermination of the population (in order to prepare this area for German colonization) and the maximum economic exploitation for the war needs of the Third Reich.

In the period until 1944, the German occupation authorities treated the General Government practically as a colony that provided slave and low-skilled labor, natural resources for industry and food.

In 1939–1940, it was also planned to create a Polish residual state (German: Reststaat) dependent on the Reich, but this concept was abandoned due to several important factors.

Germany, despite the fact that some figures in the political life of the time in Poland expressed readiness for certain negotiations, ultimately could not find a Polish equivalent of Hacha or Quisling and the elite willing to collaborate.

The decisive factor that prevented the creation of the "Polish residual state" was the negation of these plans by the USSR (remaining in alliance with the Third Reich at the time), denying the idea of ​​preserving Poland in any shape. Until the formation of a possible collaborative government "based on the oppressed so far by the Polish government. Peasants ”were to serve the repeated talks conducted by the Germans with Wincenty Witos, the leader of the peasants, which he strongly rejected.

Under the decree of Hans Frank of October 26, Krakow became the seat of the occupation authorities of the General Government, and German became the official language.

Occupation forces of 50,000 were stationed in Krakow, a city with a population of 200,000. armed Germans and Ukrainian policemen. There were separate German districts in the city, including one built from scratch, inhabited by officials of the General Government and officers (area of ​​Królewska Street - then Reichstrasse). Statistically, every fifth person walking down Krakow's street was German.

The capital of Poland, Warsaw, was to be destroyed and reduced to the role of a provincial transit center (these assumptions were set out in the so-called Pabst plan), Polish higher and secondary education was liquidated, museums, theaters and most libraries were closed, cultural goods were systematically removed and destroyed, most of the property was seized belonging to Poles and Jews, confiscated, among others most of the key industrial plants and land estates were intended to expropriate peasants from farms ranging from 2 to 10 hectares, agriculture was intensively exploited by the system of compulsory quotas. Some elements of the structure of the Polish state were left:

The Polish Police subordinate to the German Order Police, the currency (Polish zloty), strongly reduced education, the self-government of rural and urban communes (village heads, mayors), limited judiciary, the tax apparatus, the Polish Red Cross and the Food Cooperative were allowed to operate "Społem".

The General Government was a structure entirely subordinated to the German Reich, not recognized internationally, with certain characteristics of a para-state, controlled and dominated by police factors (having the powers of the judiciary, executive and, to a limited extent, legislative).

However, the status of the General Government was not clearly defined and the legal and administrative nature was specific.

It was not an area characterized by sovereignty, nor was it part of the territory of the Third Reich.

The people who lived there did not have the citizenship of the Governorate or the citizenship of the Reich.

The Polish legal order defined before September 1939 was in force, with the exception of certain matters regulated differently by the German authorities.

The Governor-General, being the highest organ of power, did not have full power in the area under his control - he shared the legislative power, exercised by the issued ordinances (being the main source of law in the General Government) with the Council of Ministers for the Defense of the Reich and the plenipotentiary for the Four-Year Plan.

These bodies had the same power to issue ordinances as the Governor General. He shared the executive power mainly with the higher SS and Police commander (German: der Höhere SS- und Polizeiführer), who, although formally subordinated to the Governor General, was practically appointed by Heinrich Himmler and carried out directly his orders.

For this reason, the higher commander of the SS and the Police was granted the right to issue legal acts throughout the entire GG by the decision of the Governor General. The General Government, although completely dependent on the German Reich, had certain features of separateness in the sphere of administration, economy and finance

It was separated by a customs and foreign exchange border, had its own currency, a newly established Bank of Issue in Poland operated, which in Krakow printed nominally Polish money, the so-called . milling machines.

The General Government also had its own government, which was an advisory and executive body to the General Governorate. Josef Bühler was the head of the government throughout the occupation. Maintaining such a specific legal system in the Governorate is not fully explained. The Supreme National Tribunal, examining Nazi crimes during the German occupation of Poland in the years 1946–1948, recognized the government of the General Government as a criminal organization. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Generalne_gubernatorstwo_1945.png

Population Due to war migrations not included in any statistics, forced resettlement used by the German authorities in the occupied territories of Poland and the policy of systematic extermination of various population groups, precise determination of the demographic structure in the General Government is problematic.

Between April 18 and 28, 1940, the Soviet authorities legally released 60,000 people to the GG, of which 25,000 in Przemyśl and 15,000 in Włodzimierz Wołyński. According to official German data, the General Government covered the area of ​​94.1 thousand inhabitants until June 1941. km², inhabited by 12.1 million people, including the following population groups (according to data from December 1940): Poles - 10 million (in 1939 the number of Poles in the General Government was 11.38 million). Jews - 1,350 thousand (the number is also mentioned 1.5 million in 1940). Ukrainians - 500,000 Other groups - 300,000, incl. Volksdeutsche (until 1939 Polish citizens of German nationality) - 90,000, Highlanders (until 1939 Polish citizens were classified by the Germans as the so-called Goralenvolk) - 80,000, and Ruthenians.

After the Third Reich attacked the USSR, the territories occupied militarily by the USSR from the aggression on Poland on September 17, 1939 and the annexed provinces of Stanisławowski, Tarnopol and parts of the Lviv province under the name of the Galician district became part of the General Government under Hitler's decree of August 1, 1941. was 145.2 thous. km², inhabited by 16.6–16.8 million inhabitants, including: Poles - 11 200 thousand (10 million in the GG in 1940 and approx. 1.1-1.2 million in the territories of former Eastern Galicia occupied by the USSR - after the Soviet authorities deported no less than 200,000 Poles into the USSR from this area during the occupation 1939-1941 ). Jews - 1,900 thousand (1.35 million in the General Government in 1940 and approx. 0.55 million in Eastern Galicia) Official German data differ from the declaration of the General Governor Hans Frank, who at the meeting of the government of the General Government on December 16, 1941 stated that the number of Jews in the General Government The governorate is 2.5 million. Ukrainians and Ruthenians - 3,700,000 (530,000 Ukrainians in the General Government in 1940 and approx. 3.2 million) in Eastern Galicia (occupied by the USSR in 1939–1941). By 1943, approximately 330,000 German and ethnic Germans had been settled in the General Government. The number of Jews in 1943, systematically deported to the territory of the General Government from the occupied countries of Europe and from the remaining occupied Polish lands (earlier in 1942, about 2 million Jews were murdered in the General Government under Operation Reinhardt), amounted to 1.5 million people.

During the German occupation, the Volksliste was signed by approximately 1,800,000 Polish citizens, mostly from the territories of the Republic of Poland annexed by the Third Reich.

The government of the Republic of Poland in exile and the authorities of the Polish Underground State accepted the admission of the Volkslist in the annexed territories (mainly in Silesia and Pomerania) as a measure to protect the Polish population in these areas from forced displacement to the General Government and other police repressions by the occupant.

The parade of German troops in Krakow on October 25, 1940 (Sunday) on the occasion of the first anniversary of the establishment of the General Government Authorities of the General Government

The supreme authority was exercised by the general governor (German: Generalgouverneur) with his seat in Krakow. Warsaw was reduced to the role of the seat of the Warsaw district authorities. The Governor-General exercised power with the assistance of the Governor General's Office (German: Amt des Generalgouverneurs), renamed the Government of the General Government (Regierung des Generalgouvernements) on 9 December 1940. From 1940, the main office of the General Government was located in the buildings of the AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków The position of Governor-General was held by Hans Frank throughout its existence. Josef Bühler was his deputy and secretary of state in the government of the General Government. GG authorities from the left Ernst Kundt, Ludwig Fischer, Hans Frank, Otto Wächter, Ernst Zörner, Richard Wendler. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Krzeszowice_6.jpg Potocki Palace in Krzeszowice, Hans Frank's residence until 1944 Collaboration In Poland, there was no creation of collaborative power structures (government, military structures or Polish Waffen-SS units), which was an exception among European countries occupied by the Third Reich. The Germans never proposed a specific offer to create a collaborative government, and there was no willingness on the part of the Polish elite to cooperate. Some activists or less significant organizations were involved in ideological collaboration, incl. Feliks Burdecki, Jan Emil Skiwski, National Radical Organization, Goralenvolk, Ukrainian Central Committee.

Collaboration with the German occupier was greatest among the pre-war Polish citizens associated in various organizations of the German minority, classified by the Nazis as Volksdeutsche. They recruited mainly from members of openly National Socialist organizations operating in pre-war Poland, such as the Young German Party in Poland (German Jungdeutsche Partei in Polen abbreviation JDP) operating throughout Poland; The German Union (German: Deutsche Vereinigung, DtV) operating in (Gdańsk Pomerania); Deutscher Volksbund (Silesia) and Deutscher Volksverband (Łódź Province). In total, they united 25% of the German minority living in the territory of the Second Polish Republic. From these organizations, the Germans formed the Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz in occupied Poland, which was transformed into Sonderdienst in 1940. After the introduction of exclusively German authorities, some institutions of the Polish state were adapted (or new structures were created for this purpose) to the security and administration apparatus - e.g. the Polish police known as the "navy blue".

However, it was completely subordinated to the Germans, Police Battalion No. 202, Police Battalion No. 107, from August 1942, police units were also created, consisting of the local Polish and Ukrainian population, known as "Schutzmannschaften" (security units). The Ukrainian Auxiliary Police and the Jewish Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst were also created. On May 3, 1940, governor Frank announced that the Ukrainians were to keep the church, culture, language, and self-help organizations, but that they had to show loyalty. They can be admitted to the state or municipal police. On the other hand, it firmly rejected attempts to create a Ukrainian state. There were also cases of collaboration on the military plane, incl. for some time now the NSZ Świętokrzyska Brigade. Also auxiliary police units (mainly in the East), the Ukrainian Legion under the command of Roman Suszka, the battalions: "Nachtigall" and "Roland" under the nominal command of Roman Shukhevych and Yevhen Pobihuszcze, and the Ukrainian 14th Waffen SS Grenadier Division. However, attempts to create the Goralischer Waffen SS Legion and the Polish armed forces ended in failure. One of the main tasks of the special units of the Einsatzgruppen was the extermination of the Jews. At the same time, efforts were made to ensure that the local Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Polish or Belarusian population joined the killing of Jews. Informing became a dangerous example of cooperation with the occupant, which caused that about 33% of arrests made by the German security apparatus were caused by the provision of this type of information. According to the estimates of one of the authors made in 1964, over 5,000 informers were included in the German files in the entire Krakow district. With time, most of the exposures of Polish underground units (referred to as the so-called "dumps") were caused by denunciations - this was prevented by the immediate liquidation of informers, and by June 1944 almost 2,000 people dealing with denunciation were liquidated in this way [35].

The Reich Main Security Office reported with satisfaction in 1943 that "the planned action of Polish national groups against communist gangs has been taking place since September," and the security police "have repeatedly been the addressee of various proposals from these groups," describing their goals as "the destruction of communist, Jewish and Jewish elements. criminal ". The RSHA also cited specific cases of anti-communist action in its reports. Collaboration was commonly regarded as social contacts with the occupant or sexual relations (including prostitution) with the Germans. The Gestapo informants managed to infiltrate the Miecz i Pług organization, they also tried to infiltrate the Home Army (see Nadwywiad).

The resistance movement also liquidated the so-called szmalcowników, i.e. people who extort a ransom on hiding Jews and help Poles, or who denounced them to the Germans for money.

Polish workers who engaged in cooperation in the German propaganda apparatus (e.g. in the Polish-language German press or in the production of German propaganda films and performances, e.g. actor Bogusław Samborski, Halina Rapacka) were mostly motivated by economic factors. Some of them were eliminated for proven cooperation with Germany, and in 1941 a death sentence was carried out at the Gestapo confidant, actor Igo Symie.

In October 1942, the Government Delegate for Poland denounced those who helped Germany in the destruction of the Polish nation as traitors, calling them to come to their senses and warning against the consequences of their activities (including the death penalty). Over time, economic cooperation with the occupant grew in size, but it was often done with the consent of underground organizations and usually did not bear the hallmarks of collaboration (as a reaction, for example, to the widespread impoverishment of society and the tragic supply situation).

Enables you to get the so-called The "black market" was mostly based on the corrupt German occupation apparatus, and organizing fictitious (so-called "bogus") employment in Polish enterprises cooperating economically with Germany made it possible to obtain legal documents.

The margin surrounded by social disapproval was the use of expropriated Jewish property and cooperation with German commissioners (Ger. Treuhander) for this purpose.

With time, economic relations were used to fight the occupying forces on an ad hoc basis - patriotic behavior was seen as theft at workplaces (treated as sabotage), smuggling and any forgery or theft to the detriment of the occupant.

Copies of banknotes are professionally printed in the printing house while maintaining the true colors of originals.

In the case of purchasing several items, we will refund the overpayment for the shipment.