Step 1: Timing

Direct sow short rows starting just after the last frost date, through summer, and into the fall. Where winters are mild they can be started right into October. Optimal soil temperature for germination: 18-21°C (66-70°F). Seeds should sprout in 7-14 days.

Step 2: Starting

Sow 5mm-1cm (¼-½”) deep in rows spaced 60cm (24″) apart, and thin to 15-20cm (6-8″) apart in the row.

Step 3: Growing

Ideal pH: 6.0-6.8.

Humus-rich, deeply cultivated soil is key. Add plenty of well rotted compost or manure to the beds and cultivate to a depth of 20cm (8″). Dig in 1 cup of complete organic fertilizer for every 3m (10′) of row. The real secret to success with turnips is speed. Sow short rows every 2-3 weeks, thin them quickly, keep them watered, harvest, and then sow some more.

Step 4: Germination

At least 80% of seeds will germinate in optimal conditions. Usual seed life: 4 years.

Step 5: Harvest

Gather greens and roots throughout summer as needed. Their immature seed pods are also tasty.