This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Border Collie" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

Border Collie
Origin	Anglo-Scottish border
hideTraits Height Males 48–60 cm (19–24 in) Females 46–56 cm (18–22 in) Weight Males 14–25 kg (31–55 lb) Females 12–19 kg (26–42 lb) Coat smooth or rough, double coat Colour any; black-and-white and black tricolour (black, tan, white) most common Life span over 10 years[1]: 53
hideKennel club standards KC standard Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard
Dog (domestic dog)

The Border Collie is a British breed of herding dog of the collie type of medium size. It originates in the region of the Anglo-Scottish border, and descends from the traditional sheepdogs once found all over the British Isles. It is kept mostly as a working sheep-herding dog or as a companion animal.^[2] It competes with success in sheepdog trials. It has been claimed that it is the most intelligent breed of dog.^[3]

History[edit]

The border collie is descended from landrace collies, a type found widely in the British Isles. The name for the breed came from its probable place of origin along the Anglo-Scottish border.^[4] Mention of the "collie" or "Colley" type first appeared toward the end of the 19th century, although the word "collie" is older than this and has its origin in the Scots language. It is also thought that the word 'collie' comes from the old Celtic word for useful. Many of the best border collies today can be traced back to a dog known as Old Hemp.^[5]: 4

In 1915, James Reid, Secretary of the International Sheep Dog Society (ISDS) in the United Kingdom first used the term "border collie" to distinguish those dogs registered by the ISDS from the Kennel Club's collie (or Scotch collie, including the rough collie and smooth collie) which originally came from the same working stock but had developed a different, standardised appearance following introduction to the show ring in 1860 and mixture with different breeds.^[6]

Old Hemp[edit]

Old Hemp, a tricolour dog, was born in Northumberland, England in September 1893 and died in May 1901.^[7] He was bred by Adam Telfer from Roy, a black and tan dog, and Meg, a black-coated, strong-eyed dog. Hemp was a quiet, powerful dog to which sheep responded easily. Many shepherds used him for stud and Hemp's working style became the Border Collie style. All pure border collies alive today can trace an ancestral line back to Old Hemp.^[8] He was believed to have sired as many as 200 pups over the span of his life.^[9]

Wiston Cap[edit]

Wiston Cap (b. 28 September 1963)^[10] is the dog that the International Sheep Dog Society (ISDS) badge portrays in the characteristic border collie herding pose. He was a popular stud dog in the history of the breed, and his bloodline can be seen in most bloodlines of the modern-day collie.^[7] Bred by W. S. Hetherington and trained and handled by John Richardson, Cap was a biddable and good-natured dog. His bloodlines all trace back to the early registered dogs of the studbook, and to J. M. Wilson's Cap, whose name occurs 16 times within seven generations in his pedigree. Wiston Cap sired three Supreme Champions and is grand-sire of three others, one of whom was E. W. Edwards' Bill, who won the championship twice.

Introduction to New Zealand and Australia[edit]

Collies were listed as imports to New Zealand as early as 1858, but the type was not specified.^[11] In the late 1890s James Lilico^[12] (1861?–1945) of Christchurch, New Zealand, imported a number of working dogs from the United Kingdom. These included Hindhope Jed, a black, tan and white^[13] born in Hindhope, Scotland in 1895, as well as Maudie, Moss of Ancrum, Ness and Old Bob.

It is unclear whether Hindhope Jed was a descendant of Old Hemp. Born two years after him, she is mentioned in a British Hunts and Huntsmen article concerning a Mr John Elliot of Jedburgh:^[14]

Mr. Elliot himself is well known for his breed of collies. His father supplied Noble to the late Queen Victoria and it was from our subject that the McLeod got Hindhope Jed, now the champion of New Zealand and Australia.^[15]

When her departure to New Zealand, Hindhope Jed was already in pup to Captain, another of the then-new "border" strain. Hindhope Jed had won three trials in her native Scotland, and was considered to be the "best to cross the equator".^[16]

In 1901 the King and Mcleod stud was created by Charles Beechworth King (b. 1855, Murrumbidgee, NSW), his brother and Alec McLeod at Canonbar, near Nyngan (north-west of Sydney), brought Hindhope Jed to Australia, where she enjoyed considerable success at sheepdog trials.

The New Zealand Heading Dog breed was developed from Border Collies.

Description[edit]

Border Collies are, on average, medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is often thick and prone to shedding. They have a double coat that varies from smooth to rough and is occasionally curled. While black and white is the most common colouring of the Border Collie, the breed appears in just about any colour and pattern known to occur in dogs. Some of these include black tricolour (black/tan/white), liver and white, and red tricolour (red/tan/white) which have also been seen regularly, and other colours such as blue, lilac, red merle, blue merle, brindle, and Australian red (also known as ee red, blonde, recessive red, or gold) which is seen less frequently. Some border collies may also have single-colour coats.^[4]

Eye colour varies from brown to green, and occasionally eyes of differing colour occur; this is usually seen with merles. This trait is known as heterochromia. The ears of the border collie are also variable — some have fully erect ears, some fully dropped ears, and others semi-erect ears (similar to those of the rough collie). Although working border collie handlers sometimes have superstitions about the appearance of their dogs (handlers may avoid mostly white dogs due to the unfounded idea that sheep will not respect a white or almost all white dog),^[17] in general, the American Border Collie Association considers a dog's appearance to be irrelevant.^[18] Instead, it is considered more useful to identify a working border collie by its attitude and ability.

Dogs bred for show are more homogeneous in appearance than working border collies since to win in conformation showing they must conform closely to breed club standards that are specific on many points of the structure, coat, and colour. Kennel clubs specify, for example, that the border collie must have a "keen and intelligent" expression, and that the preferred eye colour is dark brown. In deference to the dog's working origin, scars and broken teeth received in the line of duty are not to be counted against a border collie in the show ring. The males' height from withers comes from 48 to 56 centimetres (19 to 22 in), females from 46 to 53 centimetres (18 to 21 in).

It has been claimed to be the most intelligent breed of dog.^[3][19]

Health[edit]

Life span[edit]

The natural life span of the border collie is between 12 and 15 years, with an average lifespan of 12 years and the ability to live up to 18 years.^[20] The median longevities of breeds of similar size are usually 12 to 13 years.^[21]

Leading causes of death are cancer (23.6%), old age (17.9%) and cerebral vascular afflictions (9.4%).^[20] Other conditions that occur more frequently in Border Collies than other breeds include:

• Collie eye anomaly
• Hip dysplasia
• Epilepsy
• Hearing loss^[22]
• Elbow dysplasia
• Addison Disease

Common health problems[edit]

Collie eye anomaly (CEA) and epilepsy are considered the primary genetic diseases of concern in the breed at this time.^[23]

CEA is a congenital, inherited eye disease involving the retina, choroid, and sclera that sometimes affects border collies. In border collies, it is generally a mild disease and rarely significantly impairs vision. However other eye conditions such as PRA^[24] slowly disintegrates the retina and can cause border collies to lose almost all of their vision at night which can progress into complete daytime blindness. There is now a DNA test available for CEA^[25] and, through its use, breeders can ensure that they will not produce affected pups.

There are different types of hip testing available including OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) and PennHip. Radiographs are taken and sent to these organisations to determine a dog's hip and elbow quality.

Elbow dysplasia may also occur in the breed. Dogs homozygous for the merle gene, sometimes referred to as "double merles", are likely to have sight and/or hearing defects.

Two types of hearing loss occur in the breed. The first type is pigment associated and is found in border collie puppies, although the puppies can have congenital sensorineural deafness from birth as well.^[26] The second type is known as adult-onset hearing loss.^[27] These dogs have a normal auditory brainstem response test as pups but gradually lose their hearing some time between one and eight years of age. A study is currently underway at The Translational Genomics Research Institute to identify the genetic cause of adult-onset hearing loss in the breed.

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a rare but serious disease that is limited to show border collies. NCL results in severe neurological impairment and early death; afflicted dogs rarely survive beyond two years of age. The mutation causing the form of the disease found in border collies was identified by Scott Melville in the laboratory of Alan Wilton of the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales.^[28] There is no treatment or cure, but a DNA test is now available to detect carriers as well as affected dogs.

Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome (TNS) is a hereditary disease in which the bone marrow produces neutrophils (white cells) but is unable to effectively release them into the bloodstream. Affected puppies have an impaired immune system and will eventually die from infections they cannot fight. The mutation responsible for TNS has been found in border collies, in English working dogs, in show dogs that had originated in Australia and New Zealand, and in unrelated Australian working dogs. This indicates that the gene is widespread and probably as old as the breed itself. TNS was identified by Jeremy Shearman in the laboratory of Alan Wilton of the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales. There is no cure, but a DNA test is now available to detect carriers as well as affected dogs.^[29]

Other diseases found less commonly include juvenile cataracts, osteochondritis, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus and canine cyclic neutropaenia, carpal soft-tissue injury.^[30]

A syndrome of exercise-induced collapse similar to that seen in Labrador retrievers, otherwise termed Border Collie Collapse and triggered by episodes of collapse associated with periods of intense exercise has been described in Border Collies in North America, Europe and Australia; and is currently the subject of further investigation.^[31] Border Collie Collapse or "the wobbles" is a disease found in many herding/working breeds. The cause is currently unknown. Border Collie Collapse seems to be related to high-intensity exercises that are found to be particularly exciting to the individual dog. For example, some dogs cannot retrieve a tennis ball, as they find this activity highly stimulating, but can run for several miles with no symptoms of Border Collie Collapse. Symptoms commonly include disorientation, mental dullness, loss of attention, unsteady hind legs, dragging of hind legs, and ultimately the need to sit or lie down. Loss of consciousness and seizure-like trembling/spasms are not characteristics of Border Collie Collapse. There is no current diagnostic test or veterinary workup that can confirm Border Collie Collapse and the diagnosis is often given as a diagnosis of exclusion or based on clinical symptoms. There is no current treatment recommended, and it is advised to limit the episodes by avoiding the activities that trigger the collapse.^[32]

Breed standards[edit]

There are two types of tests, or standards, to determine the breeding quality of a Border Collie: the original ISDS sheepdog trial and appearance.

ISDS sheepdog trial[edit]

The original test is the ISDS sheepdog trial. It is still used today, where a dog and handler collect groups of livestock and move them quietly around a course. There are certain standard elements to this test depending on the level: national or international. For both levels, sheep must be gathered as calmly as possible without being distressed.^[33] For a national competition, normally held between England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, trials run over a 400-yard course.^[34] International courses use a 400-yard course for the qualifying trials, but on the third and final day, trials are held in a course of 800 yards.^[34]

The international test involves a "double fetch", where the sheepdog must gather 10 sheep from 800 yards away, bring them on an angle to the centre of the field, and then be sent back in another direction to gather another 10 sheep, also placed 800 yards from the handler. Five of those 20 sheep will have collars on, and at the end of a triangular drive, the sheep are gathered into a circular "shedding ring" and the 15 sheep without collars are driven away as the five collared sheep are kept inside the ring and then penned.^[33][35] Sheepdogs must be directed through obstacles at varying distance from the handler, and then the dog must demonstrate the ability to do work close at hand by penning the sheep and sorting them out.^[36]

Appearance[edit]

In nearly every region of the world, the border collie is now also a breed that is shown in a ring or bench shows. For the people who participate in these events, the Border Collie is defined by the breed standard, which is a description of how the dog should look. In New Zealand and Australia, where the breed has been shown throughout most of the twentieth century, the Border Collie standards have produced a dog with a long double coat (smooth coats are allowed), a soft dark eye, a body slightly longer than tall, a well-defined stop, semi-pricked ears, as well as a gentle and friendly temperament. This style of Border Collie has become popular in winning show kennels around the world, as well as among prestigious judges. Breed standards state that its tail must be slightly curved and must stop at the hock. The fur must be lush. It should show good expression in its eyes and must be intelligent. It is energetic with most commonly a black and white coat (sometimes brown). It should have a powerful herding instinct.

Criticism of show dog conformity based on appearance[edit]

Other enthusiasts oppose the use of border collies as show dogs, for fear that breeding for appearance will lead to a decline in the breed's working dog traits. Few handlers of working Border Collies participate in conformation shows, as working dogs are bred to a performance standard rather than an appearance standard. Likewise, conformation-bred dogs are seldom seen on the sheepdog trial field, except in Kennel Club-sponsored events. Dogs registered with either working or conformation-based registries are seen in other performance events such as agility, obedience, tracking or flyball; however, these dogs do not necessarily conform to the breed standard of appearance as closely as the dogs shown in the breed rings as this is not a requirement in performance events, nor do they necessarily participate in herding activities.

Registries[edit]

United Kingdom[edit]

In the United Kingdom the dogs can be registered with the national Kennel Club like any other recognised breed; a breed society, the International Sheep Dog Society,^[37] registers only dogs with proven herding ability.^{[citation needed]}

United States[edit]

Two of the principal registries for border collies in the United States are the American Border Collie Association (ABCA) and the National Border Collie Association (NBCA), both of which are dedicated to the preservation of the traditional working dog.^[38] The breed was also recognised in 1995 by the American Kennel Club (AKC) after occupying the AKC's Miscellaneous Class for over 50 years. The recognition was under protest^[39] from the majority of border collie affiliated groups, such as the United States Border Collie Club, which felt that emphasis on the breed's working skills would be lost under AKC recognition. AKC registrations have gradually increased since recognition and by 2004 there were 1,984 new AKC registrations of border collies, with a further 2,378 for the year 2005.^[40] By contrast, the American Border Collie Association registers approximately 20,000 border collies annually.^[41] Because of the inherent tension between the goals of breeding to a working standard and to an appearance standard, the American Border Collie Association voted in 2003 that dogs who attained a conformation championship would be delisted from the ABCA registry, regardless of ability. Cross-registration is allowed between the working registries, and AKC accepts dogs registered with ABCA, NASDS, and NBCA. but none of the working registries in the U.S. honours AKC pedigrees, with the exception of the NBCA which will accept a transfer of registration from AKC.

Australia[edit]

In Australia, Border collies are registered with an Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC) affiliated state control body or with a working dog registry. Between 2,011 and 2,701 ANKC pedigreed border collies have been registered with the ANKC each year since 1986.^[42] Inclusion on the ANKC affiliate's main register allows border collies to compete in conformation, obedience, agility, tracking, disc dog, herding and other ANKC-sanctioned events held by an ANKC affiliated club, while inclusion on the limited register prohibits entry in conformation events. The ANKC provides a breed standard; however, this applies to conformation events only and has no influence on dogs entering performance events. Non-ANKC pedigreed dogs may also be eligible for inclusion on an ANKC associate or sporting register and be able to compete in ANKC performance or herding events. Agility organisations such as the Agility Dog Association of Australia (ADAA) have their own registry which allows the inclusion of any dog wishing to compete in their events.

Canada[edit]

In Canada, Agriculture Canada has recognised the Canadian Border Collie Association^[43] as the registry under the Animal Pedigree Act for any border collie that is designated as a "Pure Breed" in Canada.

The criteria used are based on herding lineage rather than appearance. It is a two-tiered registry in that dogs imported that are registered with a foreign Kennel Club that does hold conformation shows are given a "B" registration, whereas those that come directly from other working registries are placed on the "A" registry.

Recently, the Canadian Kennel Club has polled its members to decide if border collies should be included on the CKC "Miscellaneous List". This designation would allow border collie owners the ability to compete in all CKC events, but the CKC would not be the registering body. People who compete in performance events support the move. The CBCA is against this designation.

South Africa[edit]

The registration of working sheepdogs in South Africa is the responsibility of the South African Sheepdog Association. ISDS-registered dogs imported into the country can be transferred onto the SASDA register. Dogs not registered can become eligible for registration by being awarded a certificate of working ability by a registered judge. Occasionally they will facilitate the testing of dogs used for breeding, for hip dysplasia and collie eye anomaly, to encourage the breeding of dogs without these genetic flaws.

Turkey[edit]

The registration of working border collies in Turkey is the province of the Border Collie Dernegi (Turkish Border Collie Association)^[44] established in 2007.

Elsewhere[edit]

The border collie breed is also recognised as the prime sheepdog by the International Stock Dog Federation (ISDF),^[45] based in Piccadilly, London, UK.

Activities[edit]

Border collies are one of the most popular breeds for dog agility competitions. They also excel at competitive obedience, showmanship, flyball, tracking, and sheepdog trials and herding events.^[46]

Livestock work[edit]

Working border collies can take direction by voice and by whistle at long distances when herding. Their great energy and herding instinct are still used to herd a variety of animals, from the traditional sheep and cattle, to free-range poultry, pigs, and ostriches. They are also used to remove unwanted wild birds from airport runways, golf courses, and other public and private areas.^[47]

Shepherds in the UK have taken the most critical elements of herding and incorporated them into a sheepdog trial. The first recorded sheepdog trials were held in Bala, North Wales, in 1873.^[48] These competitions enable farmers and shepherds to evaluate possible mates for their working dogs, but they have developed a sport aspect as well, with competitors from outside the farming community also taking part.

In the US, the national sanctioning body for these competitions is the USBCHA.^[49] In the UK it is the International Sheep Dog Society, in Canada the Canadian Border Collie Association (CBCA)^[50] and in South Africa it is the South African Sheepdog Association.

Dog sports[edit]

Border collies excel at several dog sports in addition to their success in sheepdog trials due to their high instinct for herding. Herding instincts and trainability can be tested when introduced to sheep or at noncompetitive instinct tests. Border collies exhibiting basic herding instincts can be trained to compete in sheepdog trials and other herding events.^[46] They perform well at some higher jump heights at dog agility competitions, so much so that in England, competitions often include classes for ABC dogs, "Anything But Collies".^[51]

The border collie's speed, agility, and stamina have allowed them to dominate in dog activities like flyball and disc dog competitions. Their trainability has also given them a berth in dog dancing competitions.

Border collies have a highly developed sense of smell and with their high drive make excellent and easily motivated tracking dogs for tracking trials.^[52] These trials simulate the finding of a lost person in a controlled situation where the performance of the dog can be evaluated, with titles awarded for successful dogs. Border Collies are used as search dogs in mountain rescue in Britain. They are particularly useful for searching large areas of hillside and avalanche debris. Hamish MacInnes believed that dark-coated dogs are less prone to snow blindness.^[53]

Research[edit]

The impressive intelligence of the Border Collie has made it a viable subject for research. In particular, the Georgia Institute of Technology's FIDO (Facilitating Interactions for Dogs with Occupations) project demonstrated the ability of intelligent dogs to communicate with humans. In particular, Professor Melody Jackson, director of the institute's BrainLab, instrumented a Border Collie named Sky to activate a sensor worn by the dog which allowed Sky to communicate in audible English with its handler. One intent was to allow service dogs to warn their owners of impending danger, or to alert others to emergency situations involving their handler, especially those situations which might have resulted in the incapacitation of their handler.^[54][55][56]

Notable Border Collies[edit]

• Rico, who was studied for recognising up to 200 objects by name. Another border collie, Betsy, was found to have a vocabulary of over 300 words.^[57]
• Chaser had a vocabulary of 1,022 words, could reason by exclusion, and could recognise objects by the groups they belong to.^[58][59][60]
• Shep, who was the long-term companion to John Noakes of the BBC's Blue Peter and Meg, companion of Matt Baker, former presenter of the same show
• Shep was also a dog that appeared at a railway station in 1936 and watched his dead master be loaded onto a train. He remained there, waiting for his master to return, for the next five and a half years.
• Striker, who is the current Guinness World Record holder for "Fastest Car Window Opened by a Dog" at 11.34 seconds^[61]
• Jean, also known as the Vitagraph Dog, who was the first canine movie star (owned and trained by Laurence Trimble)
• Bandit, the stray Scottish Border Collie from the TV series Little House on the Prairie, was Laura Ingalls' second dog on the show.^[62]
• Sheila, the first civilian dog ever awarded the PDSA Dickin Medal, for her part in rescuing the crew of a B-17 Flying Fortress, which crashed into the Cheviot Hills, Northumberland^[63]
• Mr. Pickles is the titular protagonist and the Goodman family's pet border collie, the physical embodiment of the Devil and who loves to eat pickles.
• Tilly, a border collie who fled from a car crash in Idaho and was found two days later on a nearby farm, herding sheep^[64]

Lassie

19 languages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the fictional collie dog. For other uses, see Lassie (disambiguation).

Lassie
Tommy Rettig with Lassie Junior, son of Pal, the first Lassie, in the Lassie television series
First appearance	Lassie Come-Home
Created by	Eric Knight
Portrayed by	Pal
In-universe information
Species	Rough Collie
Gender	Female

Lassie is a fictional female Rough Collie dog and is featured in a 1938 short story by Eric Knight that was later expanded to a 1940 full-length novel, Lassie Come-Home. Knight's portrayal of Lassie bears some features in common with another fictional female collie of the same name, featured in the British writer Elizabeth Gaskell's 1859 short story "The Half Brothers". In "The Half Brothers", Lassie is loved only by her young master and guides the adults back to where two boys are lost in a snowstorm.^[1]

Knight's novel was filmed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1943 as Lassie Come Home, with a dog named Pal playing Lassie. Pal then appeared with the stage name "Lassie" in six other MGM feature films through 1951. Pal's owner and trainer, Rudd Weatherwax, then acquired the Lassie name and trademark from MGM and appeared with Pal (as "Lassie") at rodeos, fairs, and similar events across America in the early 1950s. In 1954, the television series Lassie debuted and, over the next 19 years, a succession of Pal's descendants appeared on the series. The "Lassie" character has appeared in radio, television, film, toys, comic books, animated series, juvenile novels, and other media. Pal's descendants continue to play Lassie today.^[2]

History[edit]

Elizabeth Gaskell short story[edit]

An early depiction of Lassie is found in British writer Elizabeth Gaskell's 1859 short story "The Half-brothers". In the story, Lassie is described as a female collie with "intelligent, apprehensive eyes" who rescues two half-brothers who are lost and dying in the snow. When the younger brother can no longer carry on, elder brother Gregory, Lassie's master, ties a handkerchief around Lassie's neck and sends her home. Lassie arrives home, and leads the search party to the boys. When they arrive Gregory is dead, but his younger half-brother is saved. Thus, Gaskell apparently originated the character Lassie and, at the same time, defined the "Lassie saves the day" storyline that is the essence of subsequent Lassie tales.

World War I incident[edit]

According to writer Nigel Clarke in the "Shipwreck Guide to Dorset and South Devon", the original Lassie that inspired so many films and television episodes was a rough-haired crossbreed who saved the life of a sailor during World War I.

Half collie, Lassie was owned by the landlord of the Pilot Boat, a pub in the port of Lyme Regis. On New Year's Day in 1915 the Royal Navy battleship Formidable was torpedoed by a German submarine off Start Point in South Devon, with the loss of more than 500 men. In a storm that followed the accident, a life raft containing bodies was blown along the coast to Lyme Regis. In helping to deal with the crisis, the local pub in Lyme Regis, called the Pilot Boat, offered its cellar as a mortuary.

When the bodies had been laid out on the stone floor, Lassie, a crossbred collie owned by the pub owner, found her way down amongst the bodies, and she began to lick the face of one of the victims, Able Seaman John Cowan. She stayed beside him for more than half an hour, nuzzling him and keeping him warm with her fur. To everyone's astonishment, Cowan eventually stirred. He was taken to hospital and went on to make a full recovery. He visited Lassie again when he returned to thank all who saved his life.

When the officers heard the story of Lassie and what she did to rescue Cowan, they told it again and again to any reporter who would listen as it was inspirational and heart-warming. Hollywood got hold of the story, and so a star was born.

Eric Knight short story and novel[edit]

The fictional character of Lassie was created by English author Eric Knight in Lassie Come-Home, first published as a short story in The Saturday Evening Post in 1938 and later as a full-length novel in 1940. Set in the Depression-era England, the novel depicts the lengthy journey a rough collie makes to be reunited with her young Yorkshire master after her family is forced to sell her for money.

Movies and television[edit]

In 1943, the novel was adapted into a feature film, Lassie Come Home, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) that starred Roddy McDowall and Elizabeth Taylor. The movie was a hit and enjoyed favorable critical response.^[3] MGM followed this with several additional films, including a sequel entitled Son of Lassie (1945), starring Peter Lawford and June Lockhart, and Courage of Lassie with Elizabeth Taylor. A radio series, Lassie Radio Show, was also created, airing until 1949.

Between 1954-1973, the television series Lassie was broadcast, with Lassie initially residing on a farm with a young male master. In the eleventh season, it changed to U.S. Forest Service rangers as her companions, then the collie was on her own for a season before ending the series with Lassie residing at a ranch for orphaned children. The series was the recipient of two Emmy Awards before it was canceled in 1973. Lassie won several PATSY Awards (an award for animal actors).^[4] A second series followed in the 1980s. In 1997, Canadian production company Cinar Inc. produced a new Lassie television series for the Animal Planet network in the U.S. and YTV in Canada. It ran until 1999.

In 2005, a remake of the original Lassie Come Home movie was produced in the United Kingdom. Starring Peter O'Toole and Samantha Morton, Lassie was released in 2006.^[5]

Additionally, two animated TV series featuring the canine were produced. The first was Lassie's Rescue Rangers, created by Filmation Associates, which aired on ABC from 1973 to 1975.^[6] Nearly four decades later, a new animated series titled The New Adventures of Lassie was co-produced by Superprod and Classic Media, in which Lassie was owned by the Parker family and lived in a national park. The series was primarily a traditionally animated (2D hand-drawn animated) TV series, though it also used some CGI animation. It was first seen in the United States starting in 2020 via the CBS All Access streaming service, then carried over to successor service Paramount+.

Lassie continues to make personal and TV show appearances as well as marketing a line of pet food and a current pet care TV show, Lassie's Pet Vet on PBS stations in the United States. Lassie is one of only four animals (and one of very few fictional characters, such as Mickey Mouse, Kermit the Frog, and Bugs Bunny) to be awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame—the others being silent-film stars Rin Tin Tin, Uggie and Strongheart. In 2005, the show business journal Variety named Lassie one of the "100 Icons of the Century"—the only animal star on the list.^[7]

Media[edit]

Art[edit]

Lassie is featured in Our Nation's 200th Birthday, The Telephone's 100th Birthday (1976) by Stanley Meltzoff for Bell System.^[8]

Films[edit]

List of films[edit]

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1943	Lassie Come Home	Lassie	Principal role played by Pal
1945	Son of Lassie
1946	Courage of Lassie	Bill (as credited; also called "Duke")
1948	Hills of Home	Lassie
1949	The Sun Comes Up
1949	Challenge to Lassie
1951	The Painted Hills	Shep
1963	Lassie's Great Adventure (TV film)	Lassie	Principal role; compilation of television episodes
1978	The Magic of Lassie		Principal role played by Boy
1994	Lassie		Principal role played by Howard
2005	Lassie		Principal role played by Mason Action scenes played by DR Dakota
2020	Lassie Come Home[9]		Principal role played by Lukas

Box office performance[edit]

Title	Year	Worldwide Gross	Rotten Tomatoes
Lassie Come Home	1943	$4,517,000	94%
Son of Lassie	1945	TBA	TBA
Courage of Lassie	1946	$4,100,000
Hills of Home	1948	$2,312,000
The Sun Comes Up	1949	$2,044,000
Challenge to Lassie	1949	$1,155,000
The Magic of Lassie	1978	TBA
Lassie (1994)	1994	$9,979,683	87%
Lassie (2005)	2005	$6,442,854	93%
Lassie Come Home (2020)	2020	$3,683,655	N/A
Total gross/average rating		$34,234,192	91.3%

Radio[edit]

Main article: Lassie (radio program)

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1947–1948	Lassie Show	Lassie	Principal role; ABC series
1948–1950	Lassie Show	Lassie	Principal role; NBC series

Television[edit]

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1954–1973	Lassie	Lassie	Principal role
1968	The Adventures of Neeka		Principal role; compilation of television episodes
1970	Peace is Our Profession		Principal role; compilation of TV episodes
1970	Well of Love		Principal role; compilation of TV episodes
1972	Sound of Joy		Principal role; compilation of TV episodes
1972	Lassie and the Spirit of Thunder Mountain		Principal role
1972	Lassie's Rescue Rangers		Principal role
1980	Taxi		Guest appearance (1 episode)
1989–1991	The New Lassie		Principal role
1995	Space Ghost Coast to Coast		Guest appearance (1 episode)
1997–1999	Lassie		Principal role
2001	Whose Line Is It Anyway?		Cameo appearance
1996	Famous Dog Lassie		Principal role
2007	Lassie's Pet Vet		Principal role
2014–2019	The New Adventures of Lassie		Principal role

Video games[edit]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Game	Title	Console	Year	Ref
#1	Lassie	PlayStation 2	2005	[10]

Books[edit]

• Lassie Come-Home
• Lassie: The Prize
• Forest Ranger Handbook
• Lassie: A Boy's Best Friend & Buried Treasure
• Lassie: Party Nightmare & Water Watchdog
• Lassie: Skateboard Stunt & Danger Zone

Seafarer Books[edit]

• Lassie and the Lost Little Sheep
• Lassie's Forest Adventure

Whitman Cozy-Corner[edit]

• Lassie: Rescue in the Storm

Whitman Novels[edit]

• Lassie and the Mystery of Blackberry Bog
• Lassie and the Secret of the Summer
• Lassie: Forbidden Valley
• Lassie: Treasure Hunter by Charles S. Strong
• Lassie: the Wild Mountain Trail
• Lassie and the Mystery of Bristlecone Pine
• Lassie and the Secret of the Smelter's Cave
• Lassie: Lost in the Snow
• Lassie: Trouble at Panter's Lake

Big Little Books[edit]

• Lassie: Adventure in Alaska
• Lassie and the Shabby Sheik
• Lassie: Old One Eye

Golden Books[edit]

• The Adventures of Lassie
• Lassie and Her Day in the Sun
• Lassie and Her Friends
• Lassie and the Big Clean-Up Day
• Lassie and the Daring Rescue
• Lassie and the Lost Explorer
• Lassie Shows the Way
• Lassie: The Great Escape

Tell-a-Tale Books[edit]

• Hooray for Lassie!
• Lassie and the Cub Scout
• Lassie and the Deer Mystery
• Lassie and the Firefighters
• Lassie and the Kittens
• Lassie Finds a Friend
• Lassie's Brave Adventure
• Lassie: The Busy Morning

Tip-Top Books[edit]

• Lassie: The Sandbar Rescue

Wonder Books[edit]

• Lassie's Long Trip

Marian Bray[edit]

• Lassie to the Rescue
• Lassie: Hayloft Hideout
• Lassie Under the Big Top
• Lassie: Treasure at Eagle Mountain
• Lassie: Danger at Echo Cliffs

The New Lassie[edit]

• The Puppy Problem
• Digging Up Danger
• The Big Blowup
• Water Watchdog
• Skateboard Dare
• Dangerous Party