MAYA GLYPHS MADRID CODEX GOD P PAWAHTUN MAIZE GOD NAL MESOAMERICAN 1882
A 141 year old original print from the U.S. Geographical & Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region - Contributions To North American Ethnology by J.W. Powell In Charge Vol. V - Washington Government Printing Ofc. - 1882. A Study of the Manuscript Troano. By Cyrus Thomas.Size of sheet: 11.5" X 9", Image size 9.5" X 5".Condition: water stained on margin edge. will look great framed and matted. See photos.
Printed by T. Sinclair & Sons, a prominent Philadelphia lithographer since the 1833. Sinclair relocated to 506-508 North Street in 1868. A native of Scotland, he was trained in art and lithography in Edinburgh, and immigrated to Philadelphia in 1833. In 1854, Sinclair and his brother William Sinclair created the firm Thomas Sinclair & Company and worked together until 1859. In 1870, his son John C. Sinclair joined the company and it was renamed T. Sinclair & Son Lithography Company. Thomas Sinclair remained active in the firm until his death in 1881 and his son continued to run it until 1889.
Upper Section M. 35a this scene is separated from the lower register by a skyband, which includes the following glyphs: a blackened cross, an unidentified grapheme, T1016c (a reference to north?), the T552 (k'at) cross, and T504 (ak'b'al 'night'). The right of the page is dominated by a deity figure (God P, an aspect of Pawahtun) who holds a digging stick with one hand and plants seeds with the other. He wears a headdress that contains two triangular elements flanked by what appear to be wings or hands, and has a jaguar tail around his waist. His headdress is similar in some respects to the one worn by God P on M. 5b. In front of the black figure is a vessel resting on a serpent base which is filled with three T506 (wah 'tortilla') glyphs and sprouting maize foliage. The scene on the left includes a red-painted figure whose arms and legs are bound. He is shown in a diving position, falling onto some type of structure. Blood pours from his chest, and he has a closed eye, suggesting that he is dead. A second diving figure appears in the air above the captive. This is the maize god Nal, who has feathers on his arms. To the right of this figure and adjacent to God P are a series of bar-and-dot numbers and what appear to be month names. They include a black coefficient of 5 paired with T17 (the month Yax), a red? coefficient of 2 paired with T504:528.136 (the day Ak'b'al, the tun 'year' glyph, and the syllable /hi/), and a red? coefficient of 5 which is partially eroded, as is the glyph which should follow.Lower Section M. 35b The maize god Nal is seated on a tun glyph (representing the year?), facing an anthropomorphic dog or jaguar who is seated on a T506.506:102 offering (wah ki' 'tasty tortilla') within a tripod vessel marked with a k'at cross. The animal wears a carrying frame around his waist which supports a T501:506 compound (wah ha' 'food and drink') from which maize foliation sprouts. Maize foliage also grows from Nal's cranium. Between the two figures is a vessel resting on a serpent base which is filled with two T506 (wah 'tortilla') glyphs and sprouting maize foliage. Three birds are pictured in the upper part of the scene. The one on the right, a king vulture, hovers just above the maize god. The one in the middle, which is identified by Tozzer and Allen (1910:Pl. 19) as possibly a black vulture, perches on a T528 (tun 'year' or /ku/) glyph which has a black coefficient of 11 beneath it. To the left of this is a T17 glyph (representing the month Yax?) with a black coefficient of 2. The third bird perches on a T548 (tun) glyph on the left of the page.
The Madrid Codex also known as the Tro-Cortesianus Codex or the Troano Codex is one of three surviving pre-Columbian Maya books dating to the Post Classic Period of Mesoamerican chronology c AD. The Madrid Codex was separated into two parts very early on in its European history, and thus traveled different paths in Europe until 1888. In 1880, the Frenchman Léon de Rosny figured out that the two parts were a single codex, now commonly called the "Madrid", or the "Tro-Cortesianus". The two parts had been called the "Troano" (after the first owner, Don Juan Tro y Ortolano, a professor of Spanish palæography) and the "Cortesanius". The Troano comprises pages 22-56, 78-112 and the Cortesianus pages 1-21, 57-77 of the Madrid. Since pages 77 and 78 were for some reason always upside-down within the codex, page 78 might be thought of as coming before page 77. Both parts were re-united in 1888, and the Madrid Codex is now in the Museo d...
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