History of 
Salem and the Immediate Vicinity
Columbiana County, Ohio
By George D. Hunt, 1898
241 pages, indexed, searchable
 

- Bonus Book #1 -
History of 
Columbiana County, Ohio
With Illustrations and Biographical Sketches
of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers
By D.W. Ensign & Company, 1879
527 pages, Illustrated, Indexed

- Bonus Book #2 -
History of 
Hanover
Columbiana County, Ohio
1804-1908
By Review Publishing Company, 1908
190 pages, searchable
 
- Bonus Book #3 -
History of Columbiana County
with Illustrations and Biographical Sketches
Of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers
W.D. Ensign & Co., 1879
527 pages, Illustrated, Indexed, Searchable

- Bonus Book #4
1870 Census
Columbiana County, Ohio
Scanned pages of the original census records
In two volumes
 
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Autoboot CD for Easy PC Access; Manually Open Files on MAC
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The earliest inhabitants of the region included in Columbiana County were the prehistoric tribes known as the Mound
 Builders. However, owing to the rugged topographical nature of the county and the lack of important streams and valleys,
 there are few earthworks in this region. The most unusual existing records of these aborigines are the two petroglyphs, 
which were cut into the rocks bordering the Ohio River near the present town of Wellsville. These consist of crude figures
 of men, animals, serpents, and similar objects. Two mounds, on village site, three burials, and one cemetery also show 
that these tribes once inhabited the region. 
 
The principal historic Indian tribes in Columbiana were the Wyandots, Mingoes, and Delawares, The Wyandots had 
an encampment where the City of Salem now stands. Several important Indian trails ran through the county. The most
 traveled was the “Great Trail”, which came from the forks of the Ohio, entered Ohio through Middleton township, 
traversed Columbiana County to its southwestern corner, and ran west to Sandusky. 
 
No explorations of the region are positively known to have been undertaken before 1750, when Christopher Gist of 
the Ohio Company traveled through. A portion of the land proposed to be secured by the Ohio Company was in 
Columbiana County. From this time on more frequent visits to the territory are dependably recorded. In 1755 James 
Smith of Pennsylvania was captured by the Indians and as an adopted member of the tribe mad various trips through 
the region. In 1764 Colonel Henry Bouquet and his army, marching against Indians in the Tuscarawas-Muskingum 
Valley, passed through, using for his camp a site now known as Camp Bouquet in what is now Middleton Township. 
In October 1770 George Washington, while engaged in land examinations, camped about one mile above the present 
City of East Liverpool and to lighten his canoe concealed provisions at this point. In 1782 a party of frontiersmen 
pursued marauding Indians into Columbiana County; in a desperate struggle, Adam Poe killed the Indian leader 
Big Foot, in a hand-to-hand encounter, which is one of the most thrilling events in the frontier period of Ohio. 
 
Settlement of the county by large numbers of people awaited the extinction of Indian title, cession of state claims, and 
survey and sale of the lands. At Ft. Stanwix, in the fall of 1784, negotiations were conducted with the Iroquois, who 
surrendered their claims to the region north of the Ohio. In 1785 at Ft. McIntosh, the Wyandots, Delawares, 
Chippewas, and Ottawas ceded their claims to the greater part of Ohio. Four states, New York, Virginia, Massachusetts,
 and Connecticut had claims on the Northwest, but by 1786 these had been settled by cession to Congress. In some 
cases, however, certain reservations were made. All of the land included in present-day Columbiana County was 
under the jurisdiction of Congress and was surveyed in accordance with the Land Ordinance of 1785. While there was
 no reserved land in this region, Congress made one direct grant consisting of lands near the present City of Salem to
 a Samuel Smith. The actual work of surveying the Seven Ranges (the first rows of townships adjacent to Pennsylvania
 and Virginia) began in the fall of 1785, and by 1787, with some surveys completed, land sales were begun. The southern
 part of Columbiana County was included in the Seven Ranges and hence was among the first parts of Ohio
 to be surveyed. 
 
Settlers soon appeared in the region embraced in present-day Columbiana County. Many squatters built cabins at an
 early date, but the first permanent settlement was made in 1792 or 1793, by John Quinn, a hunter, who chose a site near
 the present Village of Calcutta in St. Clair Township. Another pioneer named Carpenter cleared a tract of land near th
e present Village of West Point in 1797, and is sometimes considered the first settler. It was a son of this Carpenter 
who, in the same year, killed an intoxicated Indian, Chief Whiteyes, in self-defense. Danger of an Indian uprising over 
this incident was averted only by the action of three wealthy landowners who paid $300 to the widow of the chief. 
This proved to be the last Indian danger that menaced these settlements.
 
By 1804, settlement had been undertaken in each of the regions soon to be classified as townships in Columbiana County.
 Cabins were built in St. Clair Township in 1792 or 1793; in Liverpool in 1795; in Yellow Creek in 1797 or 1798; in Fairfield,
 Elkrun, Middleton, and Butler in 1800; in Madison, Unity, Wayne, and Center in 1802; in Washington and Salem in 1803;
 in Franklin, Know, and West in 1804, and in Hanover and Perry in 1806. A great number of these early settlers were Friends
 from Pennsylvania, but there were also many Scotch-Irish, particularly in Madison Township. In 1880, however, about one-third
 of the population of Columbiana was of German origin. 
 
 
Just insert the CD into your Windows computer and use the menu to open your book(s), and to download the latest version of Adobe Reader. 
If your system security prevents the CD from auto loading, just double-left click the Autorun file on the CD.
 
For MAC  (or Windows) manually open the .PDF file(s) for your book(s) don’t forget to also open the pictures/maps (.jpg) and audio files (.mp3).
 
 
  

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